The Association between Diet-Exercise Patterns and Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study from NHANES 2017-March 2020.

BACKGROUND: Liver cirrhosis (LC) is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease worldwide. Nutrition may be an important component of primary prevention of chronic liver disease. Diet-exercise patterns frame the eating behaviors and exercise habits of people through statistical methods related to nutritional epidemiology, which can explore the relationship between living habits and diseases among diverse populations. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between diet-exercise patterns and cirrhosis, and provide guidance on preventive diets for liver patients. METHODS: This study identified diet-exercise patterns via clustering analysis of principal components and assessed their association with cirrhosis through the population samples of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to March 2020. RESULTS: We identified two diet-exercise patterns that were named the "prudent pattern" (consumption of various staple foods, eggs, meat, fruits and vegetables; less sedentary) and the "dangerous pattern" (higher consumption of desserts, nuts, milk, meat, alcoholic beverages; recreational activities). The t-test demonstrated a significant relationship between patterns and multiple foods. The simple logistic regression test showed a lower risk of cirrhosis in those in the "prudent pattern" (OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.59-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Two diet-exercise patterns associated with cirrhosis were identified: "prudent pattern" and "dangerous pattern". The results of this study may be useful for suggesting preventive diets for people at risk of cirrhosis.

Metabolomic analysis of the effects of a mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the physicochemical and quality characteristics of apple cider vinegar.

Introduction: This study compared differences in physicochemical characteristics of the vinegar made by a mixed culture (MC) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and a pure culture (PC) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods: The fermentation process was monitored, and metabolomics analysis by Liquid Chromagraphy-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) was applied to the compositional differences between PC and MC vinegars, combined with quantification of organic acids, amino acids and B vitamins. Results: A total of 71 differential metabolites including amino acids, organic acids and carbohydrates, and six possible key metabolic pathways were identified. MC enhanced the malic acid utilization and pyruvate acid metabolism during fermentation, increasing substrate-level phosphorylation, and supplying more energy for cellular metabolism. Higher acidity at the beginning of acetic acid fermentation, resulting from lactic acid production by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in MC, suppressed the cellular metabolism and growth of Acetobacter pasteurianus, but enhanced its alcohol metabolism and acetic acid production in MC. MC vinegar contained more vitamin B, total flavonoids, total organic acids, amino acids and had a higher antioxidant capacity. MC enhanced the volatile substances, particularly ethyl lactate, ethyl caprate and ethyl caproate, which contributed to a stronger fruity aroma. Discussion: These results indicated the mixed culture in alcoholic fermentation can effectively enhance the flavor and quality of apple cider vinegar.

Distinct karyotypes in two offspring of a man with jumping translocation karyotype 45,XY,der(16)t(16;22)(q24;q11.2), -22 [59]/45,XY,der(1)t(1;22)(p36;q11.2), -22 [11]/45,XY,der(22)t(22;22)(p13;q11.2), -22 [10].

We examined a man and his daughter, who both had different jumping translocation karyotypes. The man's wife was pregnant and had been referred for prenatal diagnosis of the fetus. The karyotype of the husband's peripheral blood lymphocytes was 45,XY,der(16)t(16;22)(q24;q11.2), -22 [59]/45,XY,der(1)t(1;22)(p36;q11.2), -22 [11]/45,XY,der(22)t(22;22)(p13;q11.2), -22 [10]. The karyotype of the daughter's peripheral blood lymphocytes was 45,XX,der(16)t(16;22)(q24;q11.2), -22 [45]/45,XX,der(9)t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), -22 [30]/45,XX,der(5)t(5;22)(q35;q11.2), -22 [25]. The wife and the fetus both had a normal karyotype. To the best of our knowledge, the present familial transmitted jumping translocation has not been previously described and the jumping translocation in the husband and daughter did not cause any phenotypic abnormalities.

Interleukin-1 up-regulates the expression and activity of 26S proteasome in burned rat.

Expression of IL-1 and proteasome are elevated in burned animals and patients. However, whether the increased level of IL-1 correlates with the increased activity and expression of 26S proteasome after burn has not been studied. In the present study, we investigated the role of single IL-1 factor on activation of the 26S proteasome first by injection of recombinant IL-1 into the normal rats. Results indicated that proteolytic activity and the expression of the 26S proteasome increased remarkably 24 and 48 h after-IL-1 injection, respectively. We then studied the potential role of IL-1 on activity and expression of the proteasome in the burned rat by using neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-1. Results demonstrated that activity and the expression of 26S proteasome were decreased partially but significantly 48 h after-burn when circulating IL-1 in injured animals was neutralized. These results indicate that IL-1 may play a key role on the activity and expression of 26S proteasome following burn. The proteasome has been verified as being deeply involved in the mechanism of accelerated muscle protein breakdown after burn, these results imply that IL-1 might be involved in the protein metabolism after-burn by activating the proteasome pathway, though protein metabolism directly affected by IL-1 had not been assessed in this study.

[The cloning, high level expression in Escherichia coli of human beta-defensin 3 and its antimicrobial activity analysis].

In recent years, Bacterial resistance is more and more serious for the irrational use of antibiotics produces resistant strains and other reasons. Human are trying to solve the problem from different ways, including the study of antimicrobial peptides. Defensin is one of the most important of antimicrobial peptides. A novel antimicrobial peptide, human beta-defensin 3, was isolated and demonstrated a salt-insensitive broad spectrum of potent antimicrobial activity against many potentially pathogenic microbes. The total RNA was extracted from human tonsil and the hbetaD-3 specific cDNA sequence was amplified with RT-PCR. After sequenced, the target DNA fragment was cloned into pQE-80L vector together with the DNA fragment encoding carrier protein DHFR. The recombinant vectors were transformed into E. coli M15 and the expression was induced based on the optimal values of the IPTG concentration incubation temperature and induction time determined in the previous section. The expressed proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. The mass of the recombinant protein was about 40% of total bacteria protein. Isolate and purify the target protein. The recombinant hbetaD-3 fusion proteins possess the antimicrobial activity to staphylococcus aureus, multiresistant staphylococcus aureus (only vancomycin-sensitive) and Candida albicans in the assay of drug susceptibility. Advanced study can be continued based on our experiments.

[The isolation and purification of 19S regulator compound and the change of its protein level in rat skeletal muscle after severe scalding].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of 19S regulator compound protein in the degradation of skeletal muscle protein in scalded rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were scalded and they were randomly divided into normal and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 postburn day (PBD) groups with 8 rats in each group. The 19S regulator compound of skeletal muscle in scalded rats was isolated and purified with chromatography. Rabbit-anti-rat antibody IgG of 19S regulator compound was prepared conventionally. The antibody was injected to rats in injection group (I) in which 19S antibody in dose of 3 mg/kg BW was injected for two times via tail vein with 6-hour interval. The rats in I group were decapitated on 1, 2 and 3 post-injection days, respectively. The scalded rats in control group (C) were treated in the same way, except that the antibody was replaced by normal saline. The change in content of 19S regulator compound was determined by western-blot. Meanwhile, the releasing rate of tyrosine from the skeletal muscle of scalded rats was also detected by fluorescent photography. RESULTS: 19S regulator compound with high purity was obtained. The content of 19S regulator compound in rat skeletal muscle was increased significantly after 2 PBD. But the protein degradation rate was also obviously increased on 2 PBD. The antibody of 19S compound might inhibit the enhancement of protein degradation. CONCLUSION: Burn injury might up-regulate the protein level of skeletal muscle 19S regulator compound, which therefore activated the protein degradation by 26S protease compound. This might be an important factor leading to postburn negative nitrogen balance.