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1.
Environ Res ; 257: 119403, 2024 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38871274

ABSTRACT

Commonly utilized as a plasticizer in the food and chemical sectors, Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) poses threats to the environment and human well-being as it seeps or moves into the surroundings. Nevertheless, research on the harmfulness of DBP to aquatic organisms is limited, and its impact on stem cells and tissue regeneration remains unidentified. Planarians, recognized for their robust regenerative capabilities and sensitivity to aquatic pollutants, are emerging animal models in toxicology. This study investigated the comprehensive toxicity effects of environmentally relevant levels of DBP on planarians. It revealed potential toxicity mechanisms through the use of immunofluorescence, chromatin dispersion assay, Western blot, quantitative real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), chromatin behavioral and histological analyses, immunofluorescence, and terminal dUTP nickel-end labeling (TUNEL). Findings illustrated that DBP caused morphological and motor abnormalities, tissue damage, regenerative inhibition, and developmental neurotoxicity. Further research revealed increased apoptosis and suppressed stem cell proliferation and differentiation, disrupting a balance of cell proliferation and death, ultimately leading to morphological defects and functional abnormalities. This was attributed to oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This exploration furnishes fresh perspectives on evaluating the toxicity peril posed by DBP in aquatic organisms.


Subject(s)
Dibutyl Phthalate , Planarians , Regeneration , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Dibutyl Phthalate/toxicity , Planarians/drug effects , Planarians/physiology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Regeneration/drug effects , Ecotoxicology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Plasticizers/toxicity , Apoptosis/drug effects
2.
Mol Genet Genomics ; 299(1): 53, 2024 May 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38753163

ABSTRACT

SoxB subfamily is an important branch of Sox family and plays a key role in animal physiological process, but little is known about their function in planarian regeneration. This study aims to evaluate the function of DjSoxB family genes in intact and regenerating planarians Dugesia japonica. Here, we amplify the full-length cDNA of DjSoxB1 and DjSoxB2 in D. japonica by rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE), detect the expression of DjSoxB family genes in planarian. The results show that DjSoxBs are expressed in parenchymal tissue and the hybridization signals partially disappear after irradiation indicates DjSoxB family genes are expressed in neoblasts. After the RNA interference (RNAi) of DjSoxB1, DjSoxB2 and DjSoxB3 separately, the numbers of proliferative cells are all reduced that causes planarians show slower growth of blastema in the early stage of regeneration, and nerves of planarians are affected that the movement speed of planarians decreases in varying degrees. Specially, planarians in the DjSoxB3 RNAi group show shrinkage and twisting. Overall, this study reveals that DjSoxB family genes play a role in cell proliferation during regeneration. They also play an important role in the maintenance of normal nerve function and nerve regeneration. These results provide directions for the functional study of SoxB family genes and provide an important foundation for planarian regeneration.


Subject(s)
Planarians , Regeneration , Animals , Planarians/genetics , Planarians/physiology , Regeneration/genetics , RNA Interference , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Helminth Proteins/genetics , Helminth Proteins/metabolism , SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics
3.
Neuroscience ; 544: 64-74, 2024 Apr 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38458535

ABSTRACT

Parkinson's disease (PD) represents a multifaceted neurological disorder whose genetic underpinnings warrant comprehensive investigation. This study focuses on identifying genes integral to PD pathogenesis and evaluating their diagnostic potential. Initially, we screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PD and control brain tissues within a dataset comprising larger number of specimens. Subsequently, these DEGs were subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to discern relevant gene modules. Notably, the yellow module exhibited a significant correlation with PD pathogenesis. Hence, we conducted a detailed examination of the yellow module genes using a cytoscope-based approach to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, which facilitated the identification of central hub genes implicated in PD pathogenesis. Employing two machine learning techniques, including XGBoost and LASSO algorithms, along with logistic regression analysis, we refined our search to three pertinent hub genes: FOXO3, HIST2H2BE, and HDAC1, all of which demonstrated a substantial association with PD pathogenesis. To corroborate our findings, we analyzed two PD blood datasets and clinical plasma samples, confirming the elevated expression levels of these genes in PD patients. The association of the genes with PD, as reflected by the area under the curve (AUC) values for FOXO3, HIST2H2BE, and HDAC1, were moderate for each gene. Collectively, this research substantiates the heightened expression of FOXO3, HIST2H2BE, and HDAC1 in both PD brain and blood samples, underscoring their pivotal contribution to the pathogenesis of PD.


Subject(s)
Parkinson Disease , Humans , Parkinson Disease/genetics , Histones , Algorithms , Area Under Curve , Brain
4.
Mol Diagn Ther ; 28(2): 225-235, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38341835

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The effects of genes on the development of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remain to be elucidated, and reliable blood biomarkers for diagnosing IAs are yet to be established. This study aimed to identify genes associated with IAs pathogenesis and explore their diagnostic value by analyzing IAs datasets, conducting vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) experiments, and performing blood detection. METHODS: IAs datasets were collected and the differentially expressed genes were analyzed. The selected genes were validated in external datasets. Autophagy was induced in VSMC and the effect of selected genes was determined. The diagnostic value of selected gene on the IAs were explored using area under curve (AUC) analysis using IAs plasma samples. RESULTS: Analysis of 61 samples (32 controls and 29 IAs tissues) revealed a significant increase in expression of ADORA3 compared with normal tissues using empirical Bayes methods of "limma" package; this was further validated by two external datasets. Additionally, induction of autophagy in VSMC lead to upregulation of ADORA3. Conversely, silencing ADORA3 suppressed VSMC proliferation and autophagy. Furthermore, analysis of an IAs blood sample dataset and clinical plasma samples demonstrated increased ADORA3 expression in patients with IA compared with normal subjects. The diagnostic value of blood ADORA3 expression in IAs was moderate when analyzing clinical samples (AUC: 0.756). Combining ADORA3 with IL2RB or CCR7 further enhanced the diagnostic ability for IAs, with the AUC value over 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: High expression of ADORA3 is associated with IAs pathogenesis, likely through its promotion of VSMC autophagy. Furthermore, blood ADORA3 levels have the potential to serve as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for IAs.


Subject(s)
Intracranial Aneurysm , Humans , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnosis , Intracranial Aneurysm/genetics , Intracranial Aneurysm/pathology , Bayes Theorem , Gene Expression Profiling , Transcriptome , Biomarkers
5.
Integr Zool ; 2023 Oct 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37849408

ABSTRACT

Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), a representative cyanobacterial toxin, poses an increasing and serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. Despite investigating its toxic effects in various organisms and cells, the toxicity to tissue regeneration and stem cells in vivo still needs to be explored. Planarians are ideal regeneration and toxicology research models and have profound implications in ecotoxicology evaluation. This study conducted a systemic toxicity evaluation of MC-LR, including morphological changes, growth, regeneration, and the underlying cellular and molecular changes after MC-LR exposure, which were investigated in planarians. The results showed that exposure to MC-LR led to time- and dose-dependent lethal morphological changes, tissue damage, degrowth, and delayed regeneration in planarians. Furthermore, MC-LR exposure disturbed the activities of antioxidants, including total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and total antioxidant capacity, leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage, and then reduced the number of dividing neoblasts and promoted apoptosis. The results demonstrated that oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by MC-LR exposure caused apoptosis. Excessive apoptosis and suppressed neoblast activity led to severe homeostasis imbalance. This study explores the underlying mechanism of MC-LR toxicity in planarians and provides a basis for the toxicity assessment of MC-LR to aquatic organisms and ecological risk evaluation.

7.
Integr Zool ; 18(5): 843-858, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36300758

ABSTRACT

The distributions of small rodents in mountainous environments across different elevations can provide important information regarding the effects of climate change on the dispersal of plant species. However, few studies of oak forest ecosystems have compared the elevational patterns of sympatric rodent diversity, seed dispersal, seed bank, and seedling abundance. Thus, we tested the differences in the seed disperser composition and abundance, seed dispersal, seed bank abundance, and seedling recruitment for Quercus wutaishanica along 10 elevation levels in the Taihang Mountains, China. Our results provide strong evidence that complex asymmetric seed dispersal and seedling regeneration exist along an elevational gradient. The abundance of rodents had a significant negative correlation with the elevation and the seed removal rates peaked and then declined with increasing elevation. The seed removal rates were higher at middle and lower elevations than higher elevations but acorns were predated by 5 species of seed predators at middle and lower elevations, and thus, there was a lower likelihood of recruitment compared with those dropped beneath mother oaks at higher elevations. More importantly, the number of individual seeds in the seed bank and seedlings increased with the elevation, although dispersal services were reduced at sites lacking rodents. As conditional mutualists, the rodents could possibly act as antagonistic seed predators rather than mutualistic seed dispersers at low and middle elevations, thereby resulting in the asymmetric pattern of rodent and seedling abundance with increasing elevation to affect the community assembly and ecosystem functions on a large spatial scale.


Subject(s)
Hoarding , Quercus , Seed Dispersal , Animals , Rodentia , Ecosystem , Seedlings , Seeds , Feeding Behavior
8.
Neural Regen Res ; 18(2): 451-455, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35900445

ABSTRACT

Methylprednisolone pulse treatment is currently used for optic neuritis. It can speed visual recovery, but does not improve the ultimate visual outcomes. Recent studies have reported that miR-125a-5p has immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases. However, it remains unclear whether miR-125a-5p has effects on optic neuritis. In this study, we used adeno-associated virus to overexpress or silence miR-125a-5p in mice. We found that silencing miR-125a-5p increased the latency of visual evoked potential and aggravated inflammation of the optic nerve. Overexpression of miR-125a-5p suppressed inflammation of the optic nerve, protected retinal ganglion cells, and increased the percentage of Treg cells. Our findings show that miR-125a-5p exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through promoting the differentiation of Treg cells.

9.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 248: 114287, 2022 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36371889

ABSTRACT

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as brominated flame retardants in the manufacturing industry, belonging to persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Planarians are the freshwater worms, with strong regenerative ability and extreme sensitivity to environmental toxicants. This study aimed to evaluate the potential acute comprehensive effects of PBDE-47/-209 on freshwater planarians. Methods to detect the effects include: detection of oxidative stress, observation of morphology and histology, detection of DNA fragmentation, and detection of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the PBDE-47 treatment group, planarians showed increased oxidative stress intensity, severe tissue damage, increased DNA fragmentation level, and increased cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the PBDE-209 treatment group, planarians showed decreased oxidative stress intensity, slight tissue damage, almost unchanged DNA fragmentation level and apoptosis, proliferation increased only on the first day after treatment. In conclusion, both PBDE-47 and PBDE-209 are dangerous environmental hazardous material that can disrupt planarians homeostasis, while the toxicity of PBDE-47 is sever than PBDE-209 that PBDE-47 can lead to the death of planarians.


Subject(s)
Flame Retardants , Planarians , Animals , Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/toxicity , Planarians/metabolism , Flame Retardants/toxicity , Flame Retardants/metabolism , DNA Damage , Apoptosis , Homeostasis , Cell Proliferation
10.
Biochimie ; 201: 184-195, 2022 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35868605

ABSTRACT

Planarian is an ideal model system of studying regeneration. Stem cell system and positional control genes (PCGs) are two important factors for perfect regeneration of planarians and they combine to promote their regeneration. Even so, how wounds regulate proliferation and neoblast fate is still important areas to address. Ptpn11 (Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11), one of PTP (Protein tyrosine phosphatase) family members, plays an important role in cellular processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the role of ptpn11 in the planarian regeneration has not been fully studied. In this study, we identify the Djptpn11 gene to observe its function in planarian regeneration. The results reveal that the regeneration is severely inhibited and cause the disorder homeostasis in planarians. Furthermore, the stem cells proliferation and differentiation decreases while the apoptosis increases following Djptpn11 RNAi. At the same time, Djptpn11 affects the expression levels of early wound response genes (Djegr2, Dj1-jun, Djrunt1, Djwnt1 and Djnotum). Djwnt1 and Djnotum are two key Wnt signaling pathway genes and Djptpn11 affects the expression levels of Djwnt1 and Djnotum in the early and late stages of planarian regeneration. In general, Djptpn11 is indispensable for the homeostasis and regeneration of planarian by affecting the stem cells, early wound response genes and the Wnt pathway.


Subject(s)
Planarians , Animals , Cell Differentiation/genetics , Planarians/genetics , Planarians/metabolism , RNA Interference , Regeneration/genetics , Stem Cells , Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
11.
Aquat Toxicol ; 247: 106158, 2022 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35429915

ABSTRACT

As a widely used drug in clinical practice, aspirin has a large number of residual drugs and metabolites discharged into the environment during the pharmaceutical process or after taking the drug. Aspirin content and its metabolite, salicylic acid, have been reported and detected in several river water samples and municipal wastewaters. However, little is known about the toxicity mechanisms of this drug in aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we examine the toxic effect and investigate the toxicity mechanism of aspirin in planarian, which own the excellent regeneration and sensitive toxicity detection ability. Planarian is treated with 0.7 mM aspirin for 6 h, 48 h, 3 d and 5 d, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the stem cells markers, in parallel with the target genes of the signaling pathway are analyzed by RT-qPCR, whole-mount immunofluorescence, and Western blot. The results show that aspirin strongly inhibits stem cell proliferation and causes retarded blastemas growth in planarians. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of stem cells markers and the target genes dramatically decrease after the aspirin treatment. Meanwhile, the expression level of apoptotic cells also shows a downward trend. Their significant and coincident downregulations after the aspirin treatment suggest that aspirin regulates planarian regeneration via STAT3/SOX2/OCT4 signaling pathway. Our work reveals the toxicological effect and the mechanism of aspirin to the planarian, and provides basic data for therapeutic applications of aspirin in regeneration and warns about the ecological damage of aspirin abuse.


Subject(s)
Planarians , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Aspirin/metabolism , Aspirin/toxicity , Cell Proliferation , Fresh Water , Planarians/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
12.
Cell Tissue Res ; 388(2): 273-286, 2022 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35107621

ABSTRACT

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process and plays key roles in energy recycle and homeostasis maintenance during planarian regeneration. Although planarians provide an ideal model organism for studying autophagy in vivo, the molecular mechanism of planarian autophagy is still unknown. Here, we identify three autophagy-related (Atg) gene 1 homologs from Dugesia japonica and study their roles in planarian regeneration. Both DjATG1-1 and DjATG1-2 proteins show homology to vertebrate unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) and ULK2, DjATG1-3 shows homology to vertebrate ULK3. In contrast to the ubiquitously expressed DjAtg1-1 and DjAtg1-3, DjAtg1-2 is mainly expressed in the intestine branches and epidermis. All the three DjAtg1s can respond to planarian regeneration and starvation. Both DjAtg1-1 and DjAtg1-2 are expressed in the reproductive organs of the starved sexual worms. DjAtg1-1 or DjAtg1-3 RNAi leads to head lysis and death of starved planarians, accompanied by exhaustion of neoblasts. DjAtg1-1 RNAi causes autophagy and regeneration defects and decreases proliferation and cell death; both DjAtg1-2 and DjAtg1-3 RNAi cause no autophagy or regeneration defect but increase cell death during regeneration. Our findings uncover the roles of DjAtg1s in autophagy and regeneration of planarian and highlight the links between proliferation, cell death, and autophagy during regeneration.


Subject(s)
Planarians , Animals , Autophagy/physiology , Cell Death , Cell Proliferation , Planarians/genetics , RNA Interference
13.
Gene ; 820: 146215, 2022 Apr 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35122923

ABSTRACT

Heat shock protein 70 family (HSP70s) is one of the most conserved and important group of HSPs as molecular chaperones, which plays an important role in cytoprotection, anti-apoptosis and so on. However, the molecular mechanism of HSP70s in animal regeneration remains to be delineated. In this study, we investigate the roles of HSP70s in regeneration of planarian. The four genes, Djhsp70a, Djhsp70b, Djhsp70c, and Djhsp70d of the HSP70s, are selected from the transcriptome database, because of their high expression levels in planarians. We then study the biological roles of each gene by conducting various experimental techniques, including RNAi, RT-PCR, WISH, Whole-mount immunostaining and TUNEL. The results show: (1) External stressors, such as temperature, tissue damage and ionic liquid upregulate the expression of Djhsp70s significantly. (2) The gene expression of Djhsp70s in planarians exhibits dynamic patterns. According to the result of WISH, the Djhsp70s are mainly expressed in parenchymal tissues on both sides of the body as well as blastema. It is consistent with the data of qRT-PCR. (3) After RNA interference of Djhsp70s, the worms experience cephalic regression and lysis, body curling, stagnant regeneration and death. (4) Knockdown of Djhsp70s affect the cell proliferation and apoptosis. These results suggest that Djhsp70s are not only conserved in cytoprotection, but involved in homeostasis maintenance and regeneration process by regulating coordination of cell proliferation and apoptosis in planarians.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Homeostasis , Planarians/genetics , Planarians/metabolism , Regeneration , Animals , Gene Knockdown Techniques/methods , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism , Helminth Proteins/genetics , Helminth Proteins/metabolism , In Situ Hybridization/methods , Phylogeny , RNA Interference , Transcriptome
14.
BMC Zool ; 7(1): 25, 2022 May 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37170346

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) are distributed in a major part of the Old World and Australia, although until recently only very few species were known from China. RESULTS: Two new species of Dugesia from Southern China are described on the basis of an integrative taxonomic approach. BI and ML phylogenetic trees based on the independent genes and on the concatenated dataset had similar topologies, only differing in some nodes that were weakly supported. Phylogenetic trees based on the concatenated dataset revealed that D. adunca Chen & Sluys, sp. nov. and D. tumida Chen & Sluys, sp. nov. are not closely related and belong to different clades. The two new species occupy separate long branches with high support values and, thus, are well-differentiated from their congeners. Separate species status of D. adunca and D. tumida is supported also by the genetic distances between the species included in our analysis, albeit that COI distances varied greatly among species. Dugesia adunca from Guangxi Province is characterized by the following features: living mature animals rather small; asymmetrical openings of the oviducts into the bursal canal; penis papilla with shape of an aquiline bill, albeit with a blunt tip; asymmetrical penis papilla, with a large antero-dorsal lip and a much smaller ventro-posterior lip; very large seminal vesicle, provided with trabeculae; small diaphragm; mixoploid karyotype with diploid complements of 2n = 2x = 16 and triploid complements of 2n = 3x = 24, with all chromosomes being metacentric. Dugesia tumida from Guangdong Province is characterized by a penis papilla provided with a large, symmetrical penial valve from the middle of which arises the small, distal section of the papilla; a duct intercalated between the seminal vesicle and the small diaphragm; ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct curving upwards before opening to the exterior; penis papilla highly asymmetrical, having a slim and long ventral portion and a short and stubby dorsal part; vasa deferentia separately opening into antero-dorsal portion of seminal vesicle; oviducts openings symmetrically into ventral portion of the bursal canal, near its opening into the atrium; mixoploid karyotype, with diploid chromosome portraits of 2n = 2x = 16, and triploid complements of 2n = 3x = 24, with all chromosomes being metacentric. In the context of the various kinds of mixoploidy and the sexualization of specimens, reproductive modalities within the genus Dugesia are shortly discussed. CONCLUSION: Molecular, morphological, and karyological markers show that the two populations examined represent members of the genus Dugesia and constitute two new, distinct species.

15.
Integr Zool ; 17(6): 1193-1214, 2022 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34783153

ABSTRACT

A new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from northern China is described on the basis of an integrative approach, involving morphology, karyology, histology, molecular distance, molecular phylogeny, and mitochondrial gene order. Here, we present the complete mitogenome of the new species Dugesia constrictiva Chen & Dong, sp. nov. This new species is mainly characterized by the presence of the following features: asymmetrical openings of the oviducts; large, cuboidal copulatory bursa; vasa deferentia opening through the ventro-lateral wall of the seminal vesicle; laterally compressed seminal vesicle; ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct, opening at the blunt tip of the penis papilla; long duct intercalated between seminal vesicle and diaphragm; chromosome complement diploid, with 16 metacentric chromosomes; mitochondrial gene order as follows: cox1-E-nad6-nad5-S2-D-R-cox3-I-Q-K-atp6-V-nad1-W-cox2-P-nad3-A-nad2-M-H-F-rrnS-L1-Y-G-S1-rrnL-L2-T-atp8-C-N-cob-nad4l-nad4. In triclads, mitochondrial gene order is considerably conserved between freshwater planarians and land flatworms, whereas it is variable between marine planarians and both freshwater and land flatworms. The secondary structures of tRNAs are all equipped with 4 arms, excepting tRNA S1 and tRNA S2, which lack the D arm and have excessively enlarged loops. Numerous transpositions of tRNA are present between D. constrictiva and its congeners. Mitochondrial gene arrangements may form a new, additional tool for taxonomic studies. The phylogenetic tree based on analysis of the mitochondrial genome basically corroborates current classification of the higher taxa of planarian flatworms.


Subject(s)
Genome, Mitochondrial , Planarians , Male , Animals , Planarians/genetics , Genes, Mitochondrial , Phylogeny , RNA, Transfer/chemistry , RNA, Transfer/genetics
16.
Front Neurol ; 13: 1074228, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36698897

ABSTRACT

Background: Intracranial angioplasty with a self-expandable stent (SES) is an important endovascular therapy for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. We sought to update the evaluation of the perioperative safety and long-term outcomes of self-expandable stent for the treatment of symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. Methods: We comprehensively searched the published literature from each database through Sept 16, 2022, for the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Clinical Trials databases. The characteristics of the studies and patients, perioperative complications, and long-term outcomes were extracted. The pooled outcomes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Stata Statistical Software 14.0. Results: A total of 4,632 patients from 58 studies were included. The pooled rate of perioperative stroke or death was 6.32% (95% CI 5.04-7.72%); ischemic stroke beyond 30 days through 1 year was 2.72% (95% CI 1.41-4.38%). Perioperative complications differed between the 2014-2022 and 2005-2013 subgroups, as did long-term outcomes between the off-label SES and Wingspan subgroups. Conclusion: The perioperative complications of intracranial angioplasty with SES have been reduced, but the risk of perioperative stroke or death is still higher than that of aggressive medical therapy, and additional studies are needed to determine whether it has better long-term outcomes than aggressive medical therapy. Perioperative complications varied between the 2014-2022 and 2005-2013 subgroups, as did long-term outcomes between the off-label SES and Wingspan subgroups. Given the high level of heterogeneity observed between the included studies, these results should be interpreted with caution and additional studies are needed. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022316066.

17.
J Neurointerv Surg ; 2022 Dec 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36597953

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The impact of imaging selection modality on clinical outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the 6-24-hour time window remains undetermined. We compared the clinical outcomes of a simplified stroke imaging selection modality using non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT)±CT angiography (CTA) with using advanced CT perfusion (CTP). METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 1 May 2022 to compare NCCT±CTA and CTP for patient selection for EVT in late-presenting stroke with large vessel occlusions (LVO). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) within 180 days. The secondary outcomes included mortality within 90 days, successful recanalization, and any intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS: A total of 3419 patients in six articles were included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference between NCCT±CTA (no-CTP) and CTP in functional independence either in overall or subgroup analysis. However, the mortality in the no-CTP group was higher than in the CTP group. Furthermore, within the DAWN/DEFUSE 3-like subgroup, there were no significant differences in mortality, successful recanalization, and any intracranial hemorrhage between the two groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the simplified NCCT±CTA modality and the advanced CTP modality. The use of NCCT±CTA may represent a reasonable option for selecting patients for EVT in the extended time window, especially in the absence of CTP and acute phase MRI capabilities.

18.
Zookeys ; 1059: 89-116, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34594150

ABSTRACT

Two new species of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China are described on the basis of an integrative taxonomic study involving morphology, karyology, histology, and molecular analyses. The new species Dugesiacircumcisa Chen & Dong, sp. nov. is characterised by asymmetrical openings of the oviducts; right vas deferens opening at anterior portion of the seminal vesicle and the left one opening at mid-lateral portion of the seminal vesicle; two diaphragms in ejaculatory duct, the latter being ventrally displaced and opening at the tip of the penis papilla, which is provided with a nozzle; wide duct connecting male atrium and common atrium; chromosome complement triploid with 24 metacentric chromosomes. The other new species, Dugesiaverrucula Chen & Dong, sp. nov., is characterised by the large size of the living worm, usually exceeding 3.5 cm in length; asymmetrical openings of the oviducts; subterminal opening of ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct; vasa deferentia symmetrically opening into the postero-lateral portion of the seminal vesicle; well-developed duct between the seminal vesicle and diaphragm; single dorsal bump near the root of the penis papilla; bursal canal with pleated wall and spacious posterior section; unstalked cocoons; chromosome complement diploid with 16 metacentric chromosomes. Inter-specific molecular distances and their positions in the phylogenetic tree reveal that D.circumcisa and D.verrucula are clearly separated from their congeners.

19.
Ecotoxicology ; 30(9): 1941-1948, 2021 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34403000

ABSTRACT

As an important PI3K (VPS34) inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) can block the formation of autophagic vesicles in animals. Most toxicological studies using 3-MA have shown that 3-MA leads to serious disorders via autophagy suppression in mammals. However, no toxicological research on 3-MA has been performed on individuals undergoing regeneration. The freshwater planarian has powerful regenerative capability, and it can regenerate a new brain in 5 days and undergo complete adult individual remodelling in approximately 14 days. Moreover, it is also an excellent model organism for studies on environmental toxicology due to its high chemical sensitivity and extensive distribution. Here, Dugesia japonica planarians were treated with 3-MA, and the results showed that autophagy was inhibited and Djvps34 expression levels were down-regulated. After exposure to 10 mM 3-MA for 18 h, all the controls showed normal phenotypes, while one-half of the planarians treated with 3-MA showed morphological defects. In most cases, an ulcer appeared in the middle of the body, and a normal phenotype was restored 7 days following 3-MA exposure. During regeneration, disproportionate blastemas with tissue regression were observed. Furthermore, 3-MA treatment suppressed stem cell proliferation in intact and regenerating worms. These findings demonstrate that autophagy is indispensable for tissue homeostasis and regeneration in planarians and that 3-MA treatment is detrimental to planarian regeneration via its effect on the autophagy pathway.


Subject(s)
Adenine/pharmacology , Autophagy , Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Planarians , Adenine/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Brain , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Planarians/drug effects , Regeneration
20.
Sci Total Environ ; 781: 146735, 2021 Aug 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33812110

ABSTRACT

DAPT (N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycinet-butyl ester) is a γ-secretase inhibitor that indirectly blocks the activity of Notch pathway. It is a potential therapeutic target drug for many diseases, such as cancer, neurological, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the pharmacological action and specific mechanisms of DAPT are not clear. Planarians have strong regenerative capacity and can regenerate a new individual with a complete nervous system in one week. Thus, they are used as an ideal indicator of environmental toxicants and a novel model for studying neurodevelopmental toxicology. In this study, different concentrations and treatment times of DAPT are used to analyze the gene expression levels of major components in Notch pathway. The results show that the optimal concentration and exposure time of DAPT is 100 nM for 10 days in planarians and indicate that the inhibitory of DAPT treatment on Notch pathway is time- and concentration-dependent. The potential impact of DAPT is effectively analyzed by qPCR, WISH, and Immunofluorescence. The results indicate that DAPT exposure causes intact planarian wavy or swollen, and regenerative planarians asymmetric growth or muti-eye. Moreover, DAPT exposure increases cell proliferation and apoptosis, results in neurodevelopmental defects and dynamic changes of some marker genes. These results suggest that the balance of proliferation and apoptosis is disturbed, and then, affecting tissue homeostasis and differentiation. These findings demonstrate that DAPT has serious side effects in organisms and relies on Notch pathway to determine cell fate, it is cautious in the use of DAPT as a potential therapeutic approach for the disease in clinical trials.


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Planarians , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases , Animals , Dinucleoside Phosphates , Signal Transduction
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