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Probiotics are known to reduce antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) risk in a strain-specific manner. The aim of this study was to determine the dose-response effect of a four strain probiotic combination (HOWARU(®) Restore) on the incidence of AAD and CDAD and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in adult in-patients requiring antibiotic therapy. Patients (n=503) were randomized among three study groups: HOWARU(®) Restore probiotic 1.70×10(10) CFU (high-dose, n=168), HOWARU(®) Restore probiotic 4.17×10(9) CFU (low-dose, n=168), or placebo (n=167). Subjects were stratified by gender, age, and duration of antibiotic treatment. Study products were administered daily up to 7 days after the final antibiotic dose. The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of AAD. Secondary endpoints included incidence of CDAD, diarrhea duration, stools per day, bloody stools, fever, abdominal cramping, and bloating. A significant dose-response effect on AAD was observed with incidences of 12.5, 19.6, and 24.6% with high-dose, low-dose, and placebo, respectively (p=0.02). CDAD was the same in both probiotic groups (1.8%) but different from the placebo group (4.8%; p=0.04). Incidences of fever, abdominal pain, and bloating were lower with increasing probiotic dose. The number of daily liquid stools and average duration of diarrhea decreased with higher probiotic dosage. The tested four strain probiotic combination appears to lower the risk of AAD, CDAD, and gastrointestinal symptoms in a dose-dependent manner in adult in-patients.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Clostridioides difficile , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/complications , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)measures the body composition and its change by the electric feature of the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid.It has been widely used for its noninvasiveness, convenience and accuracy, especially in population epidemiology and clinical monitoring.We aim to review the advantages and shortcomings,and try to discuss about the application of this technique and its potential.
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To study the protective effects of salidroside on oxidative damage in fatigue mice.
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Objective To evaluate the promote effect of Danisco products Bifidobacterium Lactis Bi07 & Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on physical intestinal canal microbial eco-system.Methods A 3-week randomized trial was conducted in 400 healthy persons aged from 25 to 45 years,with a male to female ratio of 1∶1,they were randomly divided into 2 groups: placebo group and probiotics group.Each group takes the corresponding products 100 g twice everyday at 10 a.m.and 4 p.m respectively.Results Digestive system on microbial eco-system was effectively improved.The viable count of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus was significantly increased.The viable count of Clostridiumperfringen was significantly decreased.Conclusions Significant effectiveness on physical intestinal canal microbial ecosystem were proved by intake Danisco probiotics products 200 g per day for 21 days.
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@#myocytes.In aging mice induced by D-galactose experiment.TP has anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation effect in a dose-dependant manner.
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the effect of maintaining integrity of epithelial cells by increasing occludin protein expression,and the effect is related with the up-regulation of occludin mRNA.
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ificantly lower than in both middle and low group(P＜0.05).Conclusion TP may improve the antioxidant ability of experimental aging mice.
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Objective Based on the result of evaluating the nutritional state of in-patients using the methodologies of European Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS 2002),we judged the rationality of nutritional therapy,and the rate of accepting nutritional therapy in hospital patients.Methods Totally 3567 inpatients consisted with the requirement of NRS2002 were investigated nutritional state and the situation of nutritional therapy within 2 weeks in hospital.Except BMI used as the standard of China,all the other methods were from NRS2002.Nutritional therapy included parenteral and enteral nutrition.Results In all objects,834 patients' number score was≥3(23.39%),and 256 got nutritional therapy among them(30.70%).The number of accepting nutritional therapy was 661(18.53%),and only 38.73% of them had a patient number score≥3.Conclusion NRS2002 is a good method to evaluate the nutritional state of in patients.The nutritional therapy should be on the basis of patient's nutritional state,but there isn't one specification in clinical nutrition-support.Many malnourished patients were ignored,while a lot of nutritional therapies were not suitable.Now one of method to solve this question is to set up Nutrition Support Team(NST).
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Objective To give nutritional evaluation in diabetic patients.Methods The human body measurements,biochemical tests,NSR2002 of 109 patients with diabetes mellitus were used for nutritional assessment and risk screening,and were analyzed for its clinical application.Results Diabetes prevalence rate of malnutrition assessed by NRS2002 was 17.4%.Low birth weight assessed by BMI was 4.6%.BMI of patients with diabetes and normal nutrition was higher than normal value,and there was a significant difference(P
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0.05).The ideal body mass index of undernutrition and obesity prevalence was relatively high,while overweight rate was relatively low (P
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To study the effect of soybean isoflavone on liver oxidative stress resulting from 60Co-gamma rays. Methods: Totally 80 normal female Kunming mice were evenly randomized into 5 groups according to body weight: 3 intervention groups, single irradiation group and normal control group. The normal group and single irradiation groups were given 0.5% CMC-Na, and the 3 intervention groups were given different doses of soybean isoflavone (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) respectively for 14 d. The whole body of single irradiation group and intervention groups were subjected to 4.56 Gy 60Co-γ radiation once on the 7th day, and then the mice were killed on the 2nd day and the 7th day after radiation. Results: The CAT activity of liver tissue of 100,400 mg/kg intervention groups and 3 SI groups were significantly increased on the 2nd day and 7th day after irradiation(P<0.05), respectively; the GSH-Px activity of 100 mg/kg SI group was significantly increased(P<0.05) on the 7th day after irradiation; the T-SOD activity of 50 mg/kg SI group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) on the 2nd day after irradiation,while no difference was observed among remaining groups. The MDA content of 100 mg/kg group was significantly decreased on the 7th day after radiation compared with control group, and MDA content of each group subjected to irradiation were increased on the 2nd day after irradiation,but 3 SI groups nearly decreased to normal level on the 7th day after irradiation. Conclusion: The soybean isoflavone can enhance the antioxidant capability of mice, but it does not show a dose-effect relationship.
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The effect of micronutrients on pressure ulcer was reviewed.Nutritional treatment is helpful to prevent and cure the pressure ulcer.Especially micronutrients should be paid more attention to.
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Objective: To study the effect and possible mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg1 in sports CNS fatigue and dose-response relationship.Methods: Kun Ming male mice were divided randomly into 6 groups: control group and five different doses groups(5,10,20,40,80 mg/kg).They were treated orally with Ginsenoside Rg1 for 2 weeks.The levels of amino acids of brain tissue were tested after swimming for 90 min and the exhaustive swimming time were recorded.Results: The levels of BCAA and the ratio of BCAA/AAA in groups 5,10 and 20 mg/kg were significantly higher than control group and the levels of AAA in groups 5,10,20 and 40 mg/kg were significantly decreased.The exhaustive swimming time in groups 5,10 and 20 mg/kg were much longer than in control group.Conclusion: Through adjusting the ratio of BCAA and AAA and decreasing the level of excitatory amino acids neurotransmitter,Ginsenoside Rg1 can elevate movement ability and resist against CNS fatigue.The roles of mid-low and low doses may be better.
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Short chain fatty acids(SCFA) are produced in the large bowel of humans by anaerobic bacterial fermentation.The main fermentative substrates are undigested dietary carbohydrates,including nonstarch polysaccharides and resistant starch(RS).SCFA are major organic acids in the lumen of the large intestine.They are preferred energy source for colonocytes.Their effects include enhancement of electrolyte uptake,stimulation of colon epithelial cell proliferation and mucosa growth,modulation of colonic immune function,nutritional support and protection of colon mucosa.Butyric acid can suppress colon neoplasm cell proliferation,induce its apoptosis and differentiation,affect proto-onc genes expression,which suggest that butyrate may be an important agent in cancer treatment.
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Weight loss may reduce the risk of diabetes,cardiovascular disease,hypertension,certain cancers and so on.Current weight-loss methods include surgery,diet and exercise.According to ingredient ratio,weight-loss diet is classified as low-fat diet,low-carbohydrate diet and high-protein diet.This review summarizes recent evidence on the efficacy of the weight-loss diet on serum lipid levels.
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Objective:To compare the nutritional status of inpatients after enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN). Method: A multi-center survey of 1 142 inpatients from the Department of gastrointestinal surgery, thoracic surgery, gastroenterology, respiratory disease, neurology, neurosurgery and the intensive care unit of 6 general hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai was adopted in this study. Body weight (BW), haemoglobin (Hb) and serum albumin (sALB) were compared before and after EN or PN respectively. Results: BW, Hb and sALB all decreased after the nutritional support both in EN and PN groups, but only significantly in BW and sALB (BW: -1.58?2.36 kg/m2 vs -2.09?2.66 kg/m2, P
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Objective: To investigate the quality of life (QOL) and its influence factors in the scattered elderly in Shanghai, and to evaluate the effect of nutrition status on the QOL. Methods: Ninty-five randomly-selected elderly were investigated with QOL questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire and 24 h dietary recalls, their nutrition status were awarded by nutrient intake and medical examinations. Results: The percentage of poor, moderate and good QOL were 1.05%, 61.05% and 37.89%. The significant influence factors of QOL were health status, nutrition status, livelihood satisfaction, mentality health, family harmony, medical examination and income. The main nutrition intake of the 95 cases were sufficient, such as energy, protein, but the intake of diet fat and salt were overtaken. The rate of overweight and obesity were 26.3% and 40.0%. Conclusion: Nutrition status is the main influence factor of QOL in the elderly. To improve the QOL of the elderly, health education and balance nutrition guidance should be strengthened.
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Objective:To observe the protective effect of tremella polysaccharides (TP) on mouse aging model induced by D-galactose. Methods: Forty male ICR mice were divided into 5 groups (Group A: treated with 800 mg/kg TP; Group B: treated by 400 mg/kg TP; Group C: treated by 200 mg/kg TP; Group D: aging control; Group E: normal control). Except for Group E,other groups were injected with D-galactose [120 mg/(kg?d)] for 60 d to establish subacute aging model. Group A,B and C were treated with 800,400 and 200 mg/kg TP respectively via intragastric (i.g.) administration. Sixty days later,the spleen,heart, kidney and brain were collected to determine MDA, LP, SOD, GSH-Px and contents of hydroxyproline by colorimetry. Expression of P21 in the kidney were detected by immunohischemical technique. Proliferation and transformation of spleen lymphocytes induced by ConA were determined by MTT method. Results: Antioxidants SOD and GSH-Px activity of TP treated groups were higher than aging control group (P
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Obesity-related diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are significantly related to increased adipose tissue mass.Understanding of the effect of adipose tissue on the metabolic regulation will play a key role in therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce obesity-induced insulin resistance and alleviate symptoms of the metabolic syndrome.Visfatin is a novel adipokine that appears to be preferentially produced by visceral adipose tissue and has insulin-mimetic actions.We discusse the relationship between visfatin and metabolic syndrome as well as future therapeutic strategies to these diseases.
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With the development of society and living condition,the incidences of fatty liver and other diseases like hypertension,cardiovascular disease and diabetes have increasd by several factors.This review discussed the cause,mechanism and therapy of fatty liver.The emphasis was put on the object and principle of nutritional therapy.Generally,the treatment of fatty liver includes control of the underlying causes,nutritional therapy,proper physical exercise,upbeat life-rhythm and a certain workload.Plasmapheresis and oxygen therapy are the new methods.
