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Objective To explore the application of the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale in the early postoperative cognitive function of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(aSAH).Methods The clinical data of 181 patients with aSAH hospitalized in Department of Neurosurgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from November 2021 to May 2022 were collected,and the scores of each dimension of the patients were evaluated using MoCA scale;Using gender,age,educational level,hypertension,responsible aneurysm diameter,Hunt-Hess grade,and surgical method as variables,the relationship between these factors and the scores of each dimension of the MoCA scale was studied.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of low score dimensions and postoperative cognitive function.Results 61 cases(36.31％)had normal cognitive function(≥26 points).The results of multifactorial analysis of language dimensions showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of educational background,age,surgical method,Hunt-Hess grade,and the presence or absence of cognitive dysfunction(P<0.05);The results of multifactor analysis of delayed memory showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction among educational background,Hunt-Hess classification,alcoholism,family history of stroke,and surgical methods(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with aSAH is high;The scores of language and delayed memory were the lowest;Low cultural background,advanced age,craniotomy methods,and high Hunt-Hess scores are more likely to cause damage to language and delayed memory dimensions.
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BACKGROUND:The traditional fixation method for femoral neck fractures is three hollow screws inverted triangle fixation,and the optimal fixation method for femoral neck fractures that have not achieved anatomical reduction is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE:To compare the biomechanical properties of cannulated screws internal fixation for sub-capitated femoral neck fracture with different reduction qualities based on finite element analysis. METHODS:The three-dimensional digital model was reconstructed using CT data of the proximal femur from a healthy male volunteer.The femur was modeled to sub-capitated femoral neck fractures.Fracture models were divided into anatomical reduction group,coxa vara group,and coxa valgus group.All fracture model groups were transferred using the standard group,screw depression group,and screw elevation group.A vertical downward stress of 1 400 N was applied to the femoral head at the top of the acetabulum.The displacement and stress distribution of the femur and internal fixator under different fixation methods were observed,and the maximum stress and displacement of the femur and fixator were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)For anatomical reduction femoral neck fracture,the peak stress of fixation in the standard group,screw depression group and screw elevation group was 41.35,31.27 and 43.32 MPa,respectively.The maximum peak stress of the femur was found on the screw elevation group(28.58 MPa),and the standard group had the maximum peak displacement.(2)During hip varus,the stresses in the three subgroups were relatively dispersed and even.The peak stress of the femur in the standard group was the smallest,but the peak displacement was the largest.The stability of fixation might be poor.The peak displacement of the femur in the screw depression group was the smallest.(3)In the hip valgus,obvious screw stress concentration appeared in the screw depression group,and the peak displacement was the largest among the three subgroups,and an in-out-in phenomenon appeared.The peak stress of the screws in the screw elevation group was the largest among the three subgroups,but the peak displacement was the smallest.(4)It is concluded that for sub-capitated femoral neck fractures that are completely anatomically reduced,it is recommended to use standard inverted triangular nails for fixation.When the hip varus and hip valgus occur within the allowable range of the reduction standard,it is recommended to use the inverted triangle screw to fix it by rotating the corresponding angle in the same direction as the hip varus or valgus.
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Objective:To explore the correlation between time in range (TIR) after short-term treatment and glycated hemoglobin after 3 months (HbA lc-3m) in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 94 patients with newly-diagnosed T2DM who received treatment in the Department of Endocrinology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People′s Hospital were enrolled from January 2018 to September 2022. The patients were followed-up for 3 months and had complete medical record. TIR was divided into three groups according to different target ranges of blood glucose (TIR1: TIR with blood glucose between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/L, TIR2: TIR with blood glucose between 3.9 and 7.8 mmol/L, TIR3: TIR with fasting, premeal or bedtime blood glucose <6.1 mmol/L and 2 h postprandial blood glucose <8.0 mmol/L). The patients were divided into two groups based on whether their HbA 1c-3m level was less than 6.5%, and the baseline data and variations in TIR for distinct target glucose levels were compared between the two groups. Spearman′s correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between baseline indicators, TIR after short-term treatment and HbA 1c-3m. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the predictive ability of different TIR after short-term therapy for HbA 1c-3m. Results:There were statistically significant differences in TIR1 [81.0 (67.5, 94.6)% vs 71.4 (51.7, 85.7)%], TIR2 [57.7 (29.7, 70.8)% vs 40.9 (22.4, 52.3)%] and TIR3 [23.8 (10.2, 39.5)% vs 13.0 (4.8, 25.0)%] between patients with a HbA 1c-3m<6.5% and patients with a HbA 1c-3m≥6.5% (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that among all the patients with newly-diagnosed T2DM, TIR1, TIR2 and TIR3 were all negatively correlated with HbA 1c-3m [6.4 (6.1, 6.9)%] ( r=-0.322, -0.348, -0.303, respectively, all P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for the confounding factors, TIR1 ( OR=1.021, 95% CI: 1.002-1.041; P=0.034), TIR2 ( OR=1.024, 95% CI: 1.006-1.043; P=0.011), TIR3 ( OR=1.037, 95% CI: 1.010-1.065; P=0.008) were all independently related to HbA 1c-3m. When HbA lc-3m<6.5% was taken as the target value, the area under the ROC curve: TIR1 was 0.639 (95% CI: 0.528-0.751), TIR2 was 0.671 (95% CI: 0.560-0.782), TIR3 was 0.659 (95% CI: 0.549-0.770), respectively. When HbA lc-3m<7.0% was taken as the target value, the area under the ROC curve: TIR1 was 0. 730 (95% CI: 0.619-0.841), TIR2 was 0.744 (95% CI: 0.642-0.846), TIR3 was 0.701 (95% CI: 0.588-0.814). There was no significant difference in the area among the three statistics ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For newly-diagnosed T2DM patients, TIR after short-term treatment is negatively correlated with HbA 1c after 3 months and has good predictive value for it.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a fetus with Cardiac valvular dysplasia type 1 (CVDP1).@*METHODS@#A CVDP1 fetus identified at the Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital on July 7, 2022 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the fetus was collected. The fetus and its parents were subjected to trio-whole exome sequencing (trio-WES), and candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The fetus had exhibited generalized edema, complex cardiac malformation, abdominal effusion, and enhanced intestinal and renal parenchymal echoes. Trio-WES revealed that it has harbored compound heterozygous variants of the PLD1 gene, namely c.2977C>T (p.R993*) and c.1460G>A (p.W487*), which were respectively inherited from its father and mother. Neither variant was reported previously. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the c.2977C>T (p.R993*) variant was evaluated to be likely pathogenic (PVS1_Moderate+PM2_Supporting+PM3+PP4), whilst the c.1460G>A (p.W487*) variant was evaluated to be pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4).@*CONCLUSION@#The c.2977C>T (p.R993*) and c.1460G>A (p.W487*) compound heterozygous variants of the PLD1 gene probably underlay the CVDP1 in the fetus. Above discovery has enriched the mutational spectrum of the PLD1 gene and provided a guidance for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in this family.
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Child , Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Fetus , Genetic Counseling , Genomics , Kidney , Mutation , PhenotypeABSTRACT
Objective @#To explore the nucleotide variation and protein amino acid changes of E4 and L2 genes of Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) , and to analyze the evolutionary characteristics of HPV16 virus.@*Methods @# 40 HPV16 infection⁃positive cervical exfoliated cells samples and tissue cell samples were collected from hospital , viral DNA was extracted , Sanger sequencing perform in cervical exfoliated cells DNA and high⁃throughput sequencing technology sequenced in cervical tissues DNA for E4 and L2 genes of HPV16 , HPV16 E4 and L2 gene phylogenetic evolution trees were constructed , and variation of HPV16 E4 and L2 genes were analyzed. @*Results @#There were 72 HPV16 E4 variant samples with nucleotide variants (4 missense mutations and 7 synonymous mutations) at 10 sites , HPV16 L2 gene variants in 74 samples , and nucleotide variants (23 missense mutations and 18 synonymous mutations) at 40 sites. The variation frequency of T4177C , A4288C and A4654C in cervical cancer was significantly higher than that in non⁃cervical cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05) . @*Conclusion@#① The main HPV16 virus strains in Xinjiang are European strains , and a few are Asian strains. ② The mutation frequency of T4177C , A4288C and A4654C in HPV16 L2 gene is higher than that in non⁃cervical cancer, and G4181A is related to the Asian strain.
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The key measure to effectively alleviate the risks and economic burden of chronic diseases is to pro-mote the integration of medical and preventive measures in the management of chronic diseases.As the top of medi-cal service technology,public hospitals play an indispensable role in chronic disease management.Analyzing the problems of public hospitals participating in the integration of chronic disease management and medical prevention,it is believed that the main reason restricting public hospitals'participation in the integration of medical prevention is the lack of endogenous motivation caused by the imperfect compensation mechanism.Exploring the compensation mechanism for chronic disease management suitable for the development environment of public hospitals from the perspective of medical prevention integration.
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Objective:In this study, the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of idiopathic myositis (IIM) was preliminarily investigated by detecting the expression of IL-17 in the muscle tissues of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) and normal controls.Methods:Twenty-eight patients (20 in DM group with dermatomyositis and 8 in ASS group with anti-synthase syndrome) who were diagnosed with IIM after muscle biopsy and autoantibody detection in our hospital for the first time from October 2019 to August 2021 were included. Twelve cases with normal muscle tissue matched for age and sex were included as the control group. Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression level of IL-17 in muscle tissue, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum IL-6. Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used to compare the difference of IL-17 expression in muscle tissue between the two groups, and non-parametric test was used for comparison between multiple groups. Chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:① The expression level of IL-17 in IIM muscle tissue[1.63(1.30, 2.05)pg/ml was higher than that in control group[1.00(0.96, 1.00)pg/ml, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-3.52, P<0.001). The difference be-tween DM[1.94(1.58, 2.14)pg/ml] and ASS[1.22(1.04,1.55)pg/ml was statistically significant ( Z=-3.20, P=0.001). ② Compared with healthy control group [4.08(3.01, 5.67)pg/ml, the expression of IL-6 in ⅡM serum[8.88(4.93, 13.64) was high ( Z=-3.01, P=0.003), which was positively correlated with the expression of IL-17 ( r=0.42, P=0.027). ③ The ex-pression of IL-17 in muscle tissue was higher in IIM associated with muscle weakness[1.91(1.56, 2.14) pg/ml vs 1.50(1.04, 2.00)pg/ml] ( Z=-1.38, P=0.020), dysphagia [2.06(1.99, 2.14)pg/ml vs 1.62(1.52, 2.04)pg/ml] ( Z=-2.74, P=0.010) and skin involvement[1.98(1.57, 2.14)pg/ml vs 1.04(0.86, 1.61)pg/ml] ( Z=-3.20, P<0.010), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). ④IL-17 was positively correlated with Myoact-total activity ( r=0.51, P=0.006), Myoact-muscle symptom ( r=0.45, P=0.016), erythrocyte sedimen tation ( r=0.48, P=0.020), and myoenzyme increase ( r=0.56, P=0.002). Conclusion:IL-17 and IL-6 are synergistically involved in the pathogenesis of IIM, suggesting that IL-17 is the therapeutic target of IIM.
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Objective:To investigate the impact of group-based rehabilitation exercise on motor and non-movement symptoms of Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods:A total of 88 patients from out-patient and in-patient services at our hospital were randomly assigned to an early exercise group(E-EG), a late exercise group(L-EG), and a control group(CG)using a randomized delayed-start design.Patients in the E-EG carried out a rigorous, formal group exercise program, one hour per session, twice per week, for 18 months(May 2018-November 2019). Patients in the L-EG took part in the exercise program in the final 6-12 months of the study.We assessed outcomes using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), Parkinson's disease questionnaire-39(PDQ-39 Q), trail-making test part A & B, nine-hole peg test(9-HPT), 30 second sit to stand test(30s SST), 10 m walk test(10 m W), mini-balance evaluation systems test(Mini-BEST), Fullerton Advanced Balance(FAB)Scale and time up and go(TUG)test.Results:Compared with pre-exercise levels, patients with PD in the E-EG had lower performance in UPDRS(17.5±8.3 vs.20.0±8.6, t=-2.2, P=0.02)and lower performance in PDQ-39(27.2±2.1 vs.29.0±9.8, t=-2.6, P=0.001)after exercise.Moreover, compared with pre-exercise levels, patients with PD in the E-EG showed decreased post-exercise performance in trail-making test part B(114.2±25.5 vs.129.8±28.4, t=-2.3, P=0.02)and in 9-HPT(33.7±7.3 vs.39.6±9.3, t=-2.6, P=0.001). Conclusions:The practice of group-based rehabilitation exercise can improve movement abilities and quality of life in PD patients, especially if implemented early.Targeted rehabilitation exercise should be taken as part of the treatment strategy for PD patients as early as possible to deliver the best benefits.
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【Objective】 To investigate the effects of the loss of exon 1 of TFE3 on nuclear localization of chimeric TFE3 protein in TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma (TFE3 tRCC). 【Methods】 The localization of TFE3 protein in TFE3 tRCC and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) were detected with immunochemistry. The exon retention of TFE3 gene in TFE3 tRCC was analyzed in databases and literatures. The plasmids containing TFE3 full-length and different-length of TFE3 exons which were constructed to pCDH-MCS-EGFP-Puro were transfected into HEK293T using Lipo FiterTM. The localization of EGFP protein in HEK293T cells were detected with confocal microscopy. The localization of TFE3 protein and truncated TFE3 protein were detected with Western blotting. The mRNA expression of the downstream genes of TFE3 protein were detected with q-PCR. 【Results】 Strong nuclear signal of TFE3 protein was observed in TFE3 tRCC, whereas TFE3 protein in ccRCC was mainly localized in cytoplasm. The results of fluorescence imaging and Western blotting showed that TFE3 full-length protein was expressed both in nucleus and cytoplasm, and the expression of truncated TFE3 protein was mainly localized in nucleus. The q-PCR analysis demonstrated that the deletion of exon 1 in TFE3 gene led to a higher transcriptional level of targeted genes of TFE3 protein. 【Conclusion】 The loss of exon 1 in TFE3 played a critical role in preventing TFE3 protein from entering the nucleus. In TFE3 tRCC, the loss of exon 1 in TFE3 gene leads to the nuclear localization of TFE3 fusion protein and activation of its downstream target genes. This mechanism promises to uncover the occurrence and development of TFE3 tRCC.
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The membrane fouling issue has aroused great concern. To improve their antifouling properties, surface grafting with oxidative deposition were employed to amend a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The modifiers were amino-modified graphene oxide (AMGO), dopamine (DPA) and 1,3-diaminoguanidine hydrochloride (DAGH). To take bovine serum albumin (BSA, 1 g/l) as an example of organic materials, BSA interception rate and pure water flux recovery rate increased to 93.65% and 66.74%, respectively, while the corresponding values for the original membrane were much lower (72.82% and 31.72%). The optimum synthesis conditions were found to be 1.5 mg/ml of DPA, 1 wt% of DAGH, 2 mg/ml of AMGO, 4 h of DPA oxidation deposition time and 1 h of AMGO grafting time. Many functional groups like C = N, -NH2, C = O and -OH improved the membrane surface hydrophilicity leading to a higher resistance to organic pollution. Dopamine and guanidyl facilitated the antimicrobial performance of the modified membrane, whose antimicrobial rate was up to 96%, while the raw membrane had no antimicrobial activity. The amended membrane possessed 40% higher mechanical strength than the initial one. It could withstand a high pumping suction force. The noteworthy property was that the irreversible fouling rate decreased by 55%. Therefore, the amended membrane could restore its flux much more easily.
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Biofouling , Ultrafiltration , Biofouling/prevention & control , Dopamine , Graphite , Membranes, ArtificialABSTRACT
It is currently unclear if SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccination can also induce IgG and IgA against common human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in lactating parents. Here we prospectively analyzed human milk (HM) and blood samples from lactating parents to measure the temporal patterns of anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific and anti-HCoV cross-reactive IgA and IgG responses. Two cohorts were analyzed: a vaccination cohort (n=30) who received mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 (mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2), and an infection cohort (n=45) with COVID-19 disease. Longitudinal HM and fingerstick blood samples were collected pre- and post-vaccination or, for infected subjects, at 5 time-points 14 - 28 days after confirmed diagnosis. The anti-spike(S) and antinucleocapsid(N) IgA and IgG antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs were measured by multiplex immunoassay (mPlex-CoV). We found that vaccination significantly increased the anti-S IgA and IgG levels in HM. In contrast, while IgG levels increased after a second vaccine dose, blood and HM IgA started to decrease. Moreover, HM and blood anti-S IgG levels were significantly correlated, but anti-S IgA levels were not. SARS2 acute infection elicited anti-S IgG and IgA that showed much higher correlations between HM and blood compared to vaccination. Vaccination and infection were able to significantly increase the broadly cross-reactive IgG recognizing HCoVs in HM and blood than the IgA antibodies in HM and blood. In addition, the broader cross-reactivity of IgG in HM versus blood indicates that COVID-19 vaccination and infection might provide passive immunity through HM for the breastfed infants not only against SARS-CoV-2 but also against common cold coronaviruses. IMPORTANCEIt is unknown if COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and infection in lactating mothers results in cross-reactive antibodies against other common human coronaviruses. Our study demonstrates that mRNA vaccination and COVID-19 infection increase anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in both blood and milk. IgA and IgG antibody concentrations in milk were more tightly correlated with concentrations in blood after infection compared to mRNA vaccination. Notably, both infection and vaccination resulted in increased IgG against common seasonal {beta}-coronaviruses. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection in a lactating parent may result in passive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronaviruses for the recipient infant.
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AIMS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive bronchoscopic interventions for patients with tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). METHODS: Patients with tracheobronchial MEC were included in this retrospective study, and the clinical features, histologic grading, treatments, and cumulative survival rates were calculated. Patients were categorized into child (n = 16) and adult (n = 19) group according to their ages. Histologic grading, treatments, and survival status were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: In pathology, high-grade MEC counts for 6.77% and 42.10% in the child and adult group, respectively. As tumor growth pattern was concerned, 93.33% and 21.05% tumors in the child and adult group present intratracheal type. Multiple bronchoscopic interventions were conducted, including rigid bronchoscopy, argon plasma coagulation (APC), dioxide carbon cryotherapy, and electric loop. Tumors could be removed by multiple bronchoscopic interventions. Bronchoscopy-associated complications were rare, including an oral mucosa injury and a glottis edema. In the child group, one patient underwent left upper lung lobectomy. In the adult group, lobectomy and/or chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were conducted in seven patients. The 5-year survival rate was 100% and 68.90% in the child and the adult group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Almost all children have low-grade and intratracheal MEC; 2/5 adults have invasive high-grade MEC. Multiple bronchoscopic interventions are effective in erasing low-grade intratracheal MEC without severe complications. For high-grade invasive MEC, aggressive and comprehensive therapy should be considered.
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Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid , Adult , Argon Plasma Coagulation , Bronchoscopy , Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology , Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/surgery , Child , Humans , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relationship of blood lipid levels with bone mass and fracture risk in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A total of 744 elderly patients with T2DM who were treated in Tangshan Second Hospital from November 2018 to May 2020 were divided into normal bone mass group, low bone mass group and osteoporosis group according to bone mass levels. The total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the three groups were compared, and the relationship between lipid indexes and bone mass was analyzed. The risk of fracture was calculated in the low bone mass group, and the relationship between lipid index and fracture risk was analyzed by linear regression. The blood lipid index between subjects with fracture and without fracture in osteoporosis group was compared, and the relationship between blood lipid index and fracture was analyzed by logistic regression.Results:There were significant differences in gender and age among the three groups (χ 2=38.80, F=4.94, P<0.05). The normal bone mass group had the smallest proportion of women and the youngest average age, while the osteoporosis group had the largest proportion of women and the average age. maximum. The LDL-C level in normal bone mass group was higher than those in the low bone mass group and the osteoporosis group, and LDL-C level in the low bone mass group was higher than that in the osteoporosis group ( F=3.38, P<0.05). In the low bone mass group, the risk of systemic fracture was 3.50% (2.40%, 4.10%) and hip fracture was 0.99% (0.80%, 1.20%). Linear regression showed that LDL-C and TG were positively correlated with the risk of systemic fractures in the low bone mass group (LDL-C: B=0.98, P=0.006;TG: B=0.23, P=0.024);TG was positively correlated with the risk of hip fracture in the low bone mass group ( B=0.16, P=0.002). In the osteoporosis group, the levels of HDL-C and LDL-C were lower in the patients with fractures than those without fractures ( t=3.24, P=0.001; t=2.98, P=0.003). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher HDL-C and LDL-C levels were protection factors for fracture risk in the osteoporosis group ( β=-2.73, P=0.009, OR=0.06, 95 %CI=0.04-0.10; β=-0.15, P=0.033, OR=0.83, 95 %CI=0.74-0.99). Conclusion:The relationship of serum lipid index with bone mass and fracture risk in hospitalized elderly T2DM patients is complicated, it is suggested to set individual blood lipid control targets according to the bone mass of patients.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Mahonia bealei leaf extract on depression of rats and the underlying mechanism. MethodThe chemical constituents of the extract were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Forced swimming test and tail suspension test were carried out to estimate the antidepressant effect. The mice were randomly assigned into the following groups： blank group， positive control group （fluoxetine， 10 mg·kg-1）， and Mahonia bealei leaf extract groups （10， 2.5 g·kg-1）. The gavage lasted for 12 days and the immobility time of the mice in the tests was recorded 1 h after the last administration. Furthermore， to explore the underlying mechanism of the antidepressant effect， we established the rat depression model by intraperitoneal injection with reserpine （0.5 mg·kg-1）. Rats were grouped as follows： blank group， model group， positive control group （fluoxetine， 1.8 mg·kg-1）， and Mahonia bealei leaf extract groups （10， 2.5 g·kg-1）. The gavage， once a day， lasted for 10 consecutive days. The depression of rats was detected by behavioral tests 1 h after the last administration. The levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in serum of rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein expression of IL-6 and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in brain tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The protein levels of nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） and NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） in hippocampus of rats were detected by Western blot. ResultSeven chemical constituents， mainly alkaloids， were identified from the extract. Compared with the blank group， Mahonia bealei leaf extract shortened the immobility time of mice in tail suspension and forced swimming tests. Compared with the blank group， the modeling of rat depression increased the blepharoptosis incidence and retention time in circles （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum （P<0.05）， and up-regulated the protein levels of IL-6， IL-1β， NF-κB， and NLRP3 in brain tissues （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， high dose of Mahonia bealei leaf extract shortened the retention time in circles （P<0.05）， lowered the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated the protein levels of IL-6， IL-1β， NF-κB， and NLRP3 （P<0.01） in brain tissues. ConclusionMahonia bealei leaf extract had significant antidepressant effect and alleviated the inflammatory response in reserpine-induced rat model of depression， the mechanism of which may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of adult oxygen inhalation therapy among nurses and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the status of knowledge, attitude and practice of adult oxygen inhalation therapy among 1 410 nurses from many tertiary, secondary and lower hospitals in Chongqing, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Shanxi and other provinces and cities from December 2020 to January 2021 by convenient sampling method.Results:The score of nurses′ knowledge of adult oxygen inhalation therapy was 1-39 (23.10 ±4.82) points, the standard score was (44.42 ±9.27) points, the score of excellent was 0, the score of moderate was 1.8%(25/1 410), the score of poor was 98.2%(1 385/1 410). The score of nurses′ attitude of adult oxygen inhalation therapy was 6-30 (25.06 ±4.37) points, the standard score was (83.53 ±14.58) points, positive attitude accounted for 42.9%(605/1 410), neutral attitude accounted for 54.6%(770/1 410), negative attitude accounted for 2.5%(35/1 410). The score of nurses′ practice of adult oxygen inhalation therapy was 9-54 (33.82 ±6.32) points, and the standard score was (75.12 ±13.99). Positive practice accounted for 21.2%(299/1 410), neutral practice accounted for 70.4%(993/1410) points, negative practice accounted for 8.4%(118/1 410). The knowledge and attitude of nurses to adult oxygen inhalation therapy were positively correlated with practice( r=0.193, 0.554, both P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that nurses′ knowledge, attitude and training frequency were the influencing factors of adult oxygen inhalation therapy practice( t=3.17, 23.33, 8.64, all P<0.01). Conclusions:Nurses should strengthen the study and training of adult oxygen inhalation therapy, correct attitude and improve practice, reduce or avoid the occurrence of excessive oxygen therapy and oxygen therapy complications, standardize clinical oxygen therapy to ensure the safety and effectiveness of oxygen therapy.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and patients＇ satisfaction of the intense pulse light (IPL) and M22-Resur Fx non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) for the treatment of lateral static crow＇s feet.Methods:A prospective split-face, randomized, controlled study of 60 consecutive patients with lateral static crow＇s feet was performed. The patients aged 30 to 55 years, who were enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to January 2020. The two sides of each patient＇s face were randomized to receive different treatment, and according to their treatment, the patients were divided into 3 groups with 20 cases each: Group A, in which 20 patients＇ one side face was treated with IPL, and other side was treated with NAFL; Group B, in which one side face was treated with IPL, and another side was treated with IPL immediately followed by NAFL; Group C, in which one side face was treated with NAFL, and another side was treated with IPL immediately followed by NAFL. The improvements including the water content of stratum corneum of skin and the patients＇ satisfaction, as well as the improvement of the lateral static crow＇s feet were evaluated.Results:The IPL plus NAFL combined treatment group and the NAFL treatment group showed the effective rate of the improvement for lateral static crow＇s feet of patients on days 60 and 90 was statistically significant ( P<0.05) compared with that before the treatment. And the improvement for lateral static crow＇s feet of patients on days 60 and 90 in combined treatment side was significantly different from either NAFL side ( P<0.05). 60 days and 90 days after treatment, the satisfaction of combined treatment side was significantly higher than that of either NAFL side or IPL side ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The treatment with an optimized IPL immediately followed by a NAFL is clinically superior to those with the NAFL or IPL alone for improving the lateral static crow＇s feet of patients. The satisfaction treated by NAFL combined with IPL is higher than using the NAFL or IPL alone.
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BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines play a vital role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media provides a rich data source to study public perception of COVID-19 vaccines. ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to examine public perception and discussion of COVID-19 vaccines on Twitter in the US, as well as geographic and demographic characteristics of Twitter users who discussed about COVID-19 vaccines. MethodsThrough Twitter streaming Application Programming Interface (API), COVID-19-related tweets were collected from March 5th, 2020 to January 25th, 2021 using relevant keywords (such as "corona", "covid19", and "covid"). Based on geolocation information provided in tweets and vaccine-related keywords (such as "vaccine" and "vaccination"), we identified COVID-19 vaccine-related tweets from the US. Topic modeling and sentiment analysis were performed to examine public perception and discussion of COVID-19 vaccines. Demographic inference using computer vision algorithm (DeepFace) was performed to infer the demographic characteristics (age, gender and race/ethnicity) of Twitter users who tweeted about COVID-19 vaccines. ResultsOur longitudinal analysis showed that the discussion of COVID-19 vaccines on Twitter in the US reached a peak at the end of 2020. Average sentiment score for COVID-19 vaccine-related tweets remained relatively stable during our study period except for two big peaks, the positive peak corresponds to the optimism about the development of COVID-19 vaccines and the negative peak corresponds to worrying about the availability of COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine-related tweets from east coast states showed relatively high sentiment score. Twitter users from east, west and southern states of the US, as well as male users and users in age group 30-49 years, were more likely to discuss about COVID-19 vaccines on Twitter. ConclusionsPublic discussion and perception of COVID-19 vaccines on Twitter were influenced by the vaccine development and the pandemic, which varied depending on the geographics and demographics of Twitter users.
ABSTRACT
BackgroundAmid the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health-related symptoms (such as depression and anxiety) have been actively mentioned on social media. ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to monitor mental health concerns on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (UK), and assess the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health concerns of Twitter users. MethodsWe collected COVID-19 and mental health-related tweets from the UK between March 5, 2020 and January 31, 2021 through the Twitter Streaming API. We conducted topic modeling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to examine discussions about mental health concerns. Deep learning algorithms including Face++ were used to infer the demographic characteristics (age and gender) of Twitter users who expressed mental health concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic. ResultsWe showed a positive correlation between COVID-19-related mental health concerns on Twitter and the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Geographic analysis showed that populated urban areas have a higher proportion of Twitter users with mental health concerns compared to England as a whole. Topic modeling showed that general concerns, COVID-19 skeptics, and Death toll were the top topics discussed in mental health-related tweets. Demographic analysis showed that middle-aged and older adults might be more likely to suffer from mental health issues or express their mental health concerns on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic. ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has noticeable effects on mental health concerns on Twitter in the UK, which varied among demographic and geographic groups.
ABSTRACT
BackgroundMental health illness is a growing problem in recent years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health concerns (such as fear and loneliness) have been actively discussed on social media. ObjectiveIn this study, we aim to examine mental health discussions on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and infer the demographic composition of Twitter users who had mental health concerns. MethodsCOVID-19 related tweets from March 5th, 2020 to January 31st, 2021 were collected through Twitter streaming API using COVID-19 related keywords (e.g., "corona", "covid19", "covid"). By further filtering using mental health keywords (e.g., "depress", "failure", "hopeless"), we extracted mental health-related tweets from the US. Topic modeling using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model was conducted to monitor users discussions surrounding mental health concerns. Demographic inference using deep learning algorithms (including Face++ and Ethnicolr) was performed to infer the demographic composition of Twitter users who had mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. ResultsWe observed a positive correlation between mental health concerns on Twitter and the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Topic modeling showed that "stay-at-home", "death poll" and "politics and policy" were the most popular topics in COVID-19 mental health tweets. Among Twitter users who had mental health concerns during the pandemic, Males, White, and 30-49 age group people were more likely to express mental health concerns. In addition, Twitter users from the east and west coast had more mental health concerns. ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health concerns on Twitter in the US. Certain groups of people (such as Males, White) were more likely to have mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread public health measures to reduce transmission, morbidity, and mortality attributed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. While much research and focus surrounds COVID-19 vaccine development, testing, and supportive management, little is known about the determinants of non-medical, personal impact of COVID-19 prevention policies. We aimed to understand determinants of non-medical COVID-19 impact and to account for its multileveled, intersectional nature of associations. MethodsThis cross-sectional, multi-level, convergent mixed-methods study assessed a range of beliefs, practices, and experiences relating to COVID-19. We recruited a global sample (n=7,411) using both Facebook and Amazon mTURK platforms. We constructed a novel data-driven non-medical COVID-19 Impact Score and four subcomponents ("Personal Action," "Supply-related," "Cancellations," and "Livelihood" impacts). We used generalized estimating equation models with identity link functions to determine concomitant association of individual, household, and country-level variables on the impact scores. We also classified 20,015 qualitative excerpts from 6859 respondents using an 80-code codebook. ResultsTotal and component impact scores varied significantly by region with Asia, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean observing the highest impact scores. Multilevel modeling indicated that individual-level sociocultural variables accounted for much of this variation with COVID-related worry, knowledge, struggles in accessing food and supplies, and worsening mental health most strongly associated with non-medical impact. Family responsibilities, personal COVID medical experience, and health locus of control - in addition to country-level variables reflecting social and health challenge - were also significantly and independently associated with non-medical impact. DiscussionNon-medical personal impact of COVID-19 affects most people internationally, largely in response to shutdowns, implementing prevention requirements, and through economic consequences. In the context where most of the worlds population does not have direct medical experience with COVID-19, this phenomena of non-medical impact is profound, and likely impacts sustainability of public health interventions aimed at containing COVID-19.
