Effect of lappaconitine on neuropathic pain mediated by retrograde transport of P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of lappaconitine (LA) on neuropathic pain (NPP) mediated by retrograde transport of purinergic P2X3 receptor (P2X3R) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve.Methods:Seventy-two male healthy SD rats were selected to construct the NPP model following CCI of the sciatic nerve by ligating the right sciatic nerve. according to the random number table method. The rats were divided into CCI group, CCI+LA group and normal control group according to the random number table method, with 24 rats in each group. In normal control group, the right sciatic nerve was exposed without ligation. In CCI+LA group, the rats were given 2 g/L LA (ie, 4 mg/kg intravenously for once a day for one day only) after the same treatment as CCI group. Other two groups were injected with the identical amount of normal saline in the same way. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were evaluated before injury and at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after injury to evaluate the symptoms of neuralgia caused by nerve injury. The proximal and distal nerve fragments were collected in the three groups at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after injury. Western blotting was applied to analyze the expression of P2X3R at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after injury and the expression of neurotrophic factor (NGF) and tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA) at 24 hours after injury to evaluate the effect of LA on P2X3R, NGF and TrkA.Results:There were insignificant differences in MWT and TWL among all groups before injury (all P>0.05). Compared with normal control group, MWT and TWL were significantly decreased in CCI group and CCI+LA group at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after injury (all P<0.05 or 0.01). There were insignificant differences in MWT and TWL between CCI group and CCI+LA group at 2 and 6 hours after injury (all P>0.05), while MWT and TWL were significantly higher in CCI+LA group than those in CCI group at 12 and 24 hours after injury (all P<0.05 or 0.01). In the proximal sciatic nerve segment, Western blotting showed similar levels of P2X3R among all groups at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after injury (all P>0.05). In the distal sciatic nerve segment, Western blotting showed higher expression of P2X3R in CCI group than that in normal control group at 2, 6, 12, 24 hours after injury (all P<0.01), higher expression of P2X3R in CCI+LA group than that in normal control group at 2, 6 and 12 hours after injury (all P<0.05), similar expression of P2X3R expression between CCI+LA group and normal control group at 24 hours after injury ( P>0.05), similar expression of P2X3R between CCI group and CCI+LA group at 2 and 6 hours after injury (all P>0.05), and lower expression of P2X3R in CCI+LA group than that in CCI group at 12 and 24 hours after injury ( P<0.05 or 0.01). In the proximal and distal nerve fragments, the expression of NGF was lower in normal control group than that in CCI group and CCI+LA group ( P<0.05 or 0.01), but was similar between CCI group and CCI+LA group at 24 hours after injury ( P>0.05). In the proximal and distal nerve fragments, there were insignificant differences in the expression of TrkA among all groups at 24 hours after injury (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Early LA treatment after injury can alleviate mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in NPP rats, which may be related to the reduction of P2X3R retrograde transport in DRG neuron axonal.

Effect of perioperative whole-course closed-loop temperature management system in the prevention of hypothermia in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of perioperative whole-course closed-loop temperature management system for prevention of hypothermia in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 120 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture admitted to Chengdu First People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020. There were 48 males and 72 females, aged 60-79 years［（68.3±5.0）years］. All patients underwent total hip arthroplasty. Heat warming with the whole-course closed-loop temperature management system was applied in 40 patients（closed-loop group）, with the medical heating mattress in 40 patients（heat preservation group）, and with the quilt in 40 patients（control group）. The core body temperature of the three groups was recorded 8 minutes after wearing the temperature sensor（T0）, immediately after induction of anesthesia（T1）, 30 minutes after induction of anesthesia（T2）, 60 minutes after induction of anesthesia（T3）, at the end of surgery（T4）, and 20 minutes after entering the postanesthesia care unit（PACU）（T5）. The thrombin time（TT）, prothrombin time（PT）and activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT）were compared among groups before operation and at T4. The incidence of intraoperative hypothermia, incidence of shivering during PACU, incidence of surgical site infection, extubation time（from the day of drug withdrawal to the time of tracheal tube removal）, length of hospital stay（from the day of operation to the time of discharge）and adverse reactions related to the devices were compared among groups.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in core body temperature among three groups at T0（ P>0.05）. The core body temperature in closed-loop group［（36.61±0.28）℃］was higher than that in heat preservation group［（36.45±0.28）℃］and control group［（36.44±0.27）℃］at T1（ P<0.05）, but no statistically significant difference was found in core body temperature between heat preservation group and control group（ P>0.05）. The core body temperature in closed-loop group［（36.46±0.28）℃,（36.40±0.30）℃,（36.45±0.37）℃,（36.50±0.27）℃］was higher than that in heat preservation group［（36.32±0.31）℃,（36.24±0.26）℃,（36.28±0.30）℃,（36.24±0.31）℃］and control group［（36.12±0.30）℃,（35.98±0.28）℃,（35.73±0.31）℃,（35.81±0.32）℃］at T2-T5（ P<0.05）, and a higher temperature was found in heat preservation group than control group（ P<0.05）. The core body temperature in closed-loop group was increased at T1 compared to that at T0（ P<0.05）, while there was no statistical difference at T0 and T1 in heat preservation group and control group（ P>0.05）. The core body temperature in closed-loop group showed no significant difference at T2-T5 and T0（ P>0.05）, while the core temperature in heat preservation group and control group was decreased at T2-T5 compared to that at T0（ P<0.05）. The core body temperature in closed-loop group was within the set target temperature range. There was no statistically significant difference in TT, PT and APTT among the three groups before operation（ P>0.05）. At T4, the levels of TT, PT and APTT in closed-loop group［（18.9±1.7）seconds,（11.9±0.7）seconds,（35.5±3.3）seconds］and heat preservation group［（18.8±1.7）seconds,（11.6±0.8）seconds,（32.8±2.7）seconds］were shorter than those in control group［（20.9±1.3）seconds,（13.0±0.8）seconds,（35.7±3.4）seconds］（ P<0.05）. At T4, the levels of APTT in closed-loop group and heat preservation group were longer than those before operation（ P<0.05）. At T4, the levels of TT, PT and APTT in control group were longer than those before operation（ P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia or shivering during PACU between closed-loop group［18%（7/40）, 3%（1/40）］and heat preservation group［33%（13/40）, 8%（3/40）］（ P>0.05）, which were lower than those in control group［75%（30/40）, 33%（13/40）］（ P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the extubation time between closed-loop group［（12.5±3.6）minutes］and heat preservation group［（13.2±3.9）minutes］（ P>0.05）, which was shorter than that in control group［（16.6±4.0）minutes］（ P<0.05）. The incidence of surgical site infection and length of hospital stay were statistically insignificant among the three groups（ P>0.05）. No adverse reactions such as allergic reaction or pressure ulcers occurred in the three groups. Conclusion:For the elderly patients with femoral neck fracture, the perioperative whole-course closed-loop temperature management system can effectively maintain the core body temperature, improve coagulation function, prevent hypothermia, reduce shivering and shorten the extubation time, without increasing the risk of other adverse events, so the system can be safely used in clinical practice.

Comparative Morphology of the Lungs and Skin of two Anura, Pelophylax nigromaculatus and Bufo gargarizans.

The lungs and skin are important respiratory organs in Anura, but the pulmonary structure of amphibians remains unclear due to the lack of a suitable procedure. This study improved the procedure used for fixing lungs tissues and used light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the differences in the lung and skin morphologies between Pelophylax nigromaculatus (P. nigromaculatus) and Bufo gargarizans (B. gargarizans). In P. nigromaculatus and B. gargarizans, the cystic lungs comprise a continuous outer pulmonary wall on which primary, secondary, and tertiary septa attach, and a number of regular lattices form from raised capillaries and the pulmonary epithelium on the surfaces of the pulmonary wall and septa. Each lattice in P. nigromaculatus consists of several elliptical sheets and flat bottom, and the septa are distributed with denser sheets and have a larger stretching range than the pulmonary wall. The lattice in B. gargarizans consists of thick folds and an uneven bottom with several thin folds, and the septa have more developed thick and thin folds than the pulmonary wall. However, the density of the pulmonary microvilli, the area of a single capillary, the thicknesses of the blood-air barrier, pulmonary wall and septum, and the lung/body weight percentage obtained for B. gargarizans were higher than those found for P. nigromaculatus. In P. nigromaculatus, the dorsal skin has dense capillaries and a ring surface structure with mucus layer on the stratum corneum, and the ventral skin is slightly keratinized. In B. gargarizans, the stratum corneum in both the dorsal and ventral skins is completely keratinized. A fine ultrastructure analysis of P. nigromaculatus and B. gargarizans revealed that the pulmonary septa are more developed than the pulmonary walls, which means that the septa have a stronger respiratory function. The more developed lungs are helpful for the adaptation of B. gargarizans to drought environments, whereas P. nigromaculatus has to rely on more vigorous skin respiration to adapt to a humid environment.

Ultrasound assessment of abnormal fetal ductus arteriosus / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To analyze the abnormal fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) by echocardiography.Methods Seventy fetuses of abnormal DA diagnosed prenatally were retrospectively reviewed.Transverse scans combined with color Doppler were used to acquire four chamber view,left and right ventricular outflow tract views,three vessel view,and three-vesseltrachea view.In addition,sagittal scans with color Doppler were used to get vena cava long axis view,aortic arch view,and ductal arch view.The spatial relationship of the great arteries and trend of DA were observed.Results Abnormal fetal DA is mainly composed of DA absence,DA abnormal function and DA morphological abnormality.Among 70 cases of fetal DA,9 cases were diagnosed with DA absence,8 cases were DA atresia,11 cases were DA completed closure nearly,9 cases were shown with reverse DA blood perfusion,33 cases were shown with DA curvature and dilatation.Conclusion Prenatal diagnosis of DA absence and DA abnormal function is of great significance.Three-vessel-trachea view and ductal arch view combined with CDFI can make a definitive diagnosis.

Echocardiography in diagnosis of fetal coronary sinus dilation / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic method in fetal coronary sinus (CS) dilation.Methods Totally 145 normal fetuses (normal group) and 72 fetuses of CS dilation (CS group) diagnosed prenatally were retrospectively reviewed.The long axis of coronary sinus was displayed in the non-standard four chamber view and the area of the sagittal view of CS was measured.Transverses scans combined with color Doppler were used to acquire four chamber view,left and right ventricular outflow tract views,three vessel view.In addition,sagittal scans with color Doppler were used to get short-axis view at the level of great arteries,vena cava long axis view,aortic arch view,and ductal arch view.The characteristics of CS were observed.Results CS area of sagittal view was positively correlated with gestational age (normal group:r=0.954,P＜0.05;CSgroup:r=0.904,P＜0.05).In the samegestational weeks,the CS area of the sagittal view in the normal group was less than that in the CS group (all P＜0.01).In CS group,52 fetuses were persistent left superior vena cava,15 fetuses were total anomalous pulmonary venous connection,5 fetuses were associated with right heart pressure overload.Conclusion Fetal CS sagittal section area is positively correlated with gestational age.When the fetal heart ultrasonography found CS dilation,other intracardiac malformations should also be considered.The etilogies of CS dilation should be analyzed clinically through multi-slice,multi-angle scanning.