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1.
Omega (Westport) ; : 302228241246423, 2024 Apr 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38635949

ABSTRACT

Canada has experienced a steady increase in homicide. Specifically, out of the 10 provinces and 3 territories, Ontario has consistently experienced the highest number of homicides, the majority concentrated within predominantly African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) communities in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Despite this disproportionate reality, there is limited research on the ways in which survivors of homicide victims cope with the murder of their loved ones. This article explores the identification and characterization of coping strategies for ACB survivors of homicide victims residing in five neighbourhoods in the GTA. Participants in this study provided their insights and experiences, highlighting the coping mechanisms employed, the influence of cultural identity, and the challenges they experienced in accessing adequate care following the death of their loved ones. Implications for future research, policy and practice are discussed.

2.
J Trauma Stress ; 36(1): 230-238, 2023 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36116104

ABSTRACT

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with significant individual and relationship impairment for people with PTSD and their romantic partners. Conjoint treatments, such as cognitive behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD (CBCT), are designed to address individual and relationship factors, yet significant barriers impede accessing in-person therapy. Couple HOPES (i.e., Helping Overcome PTSD and Enhance Satisfaction) is a coach-guided, online couple intervention for PTSD based on CBCT that was designed to address these barriers. Previous investigations have found preliminary efficacy of Couple HOPES for improving PTSD symptoms, relationship functioning, and some individual functioning domains for the partner with probable PTSD. However, no study to date has tested individual outcomes for romantic partners, which is needed to fully evaluate the intervention's promise. The current study tested these partner outcomes in a combined, uncontrolled sample of 27 couples. Intent-to-intervene analyses found significant improvements at postintervention in four of eight tested outcomes, including ineffective arguing, g = 0.74; anger, g = 0.32; perceived health, g = 0.67; and quality of life, g = 0.56. Depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, alcohol misuse, and work functioning did not significantly change, gs = 0.17-0.42. Among participants who completed a 1-month follow-up assessment, generalized anxiety, g = 0.43, and perceived health, g = 0.73, significantly improved over follow-up, whereas anger, g = -0.48, lost gains previously made. Results were largely consistent in the completer sample. These findings show the potential of Couple HOPES to have broad benefits not only for individuals with probable PTSD but also for their romantic partners.


Subject(s)
Couples Therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , Couples Therapy/methods , Interpersonal Relations , Quality of Life , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Treatment Outcome
3.
J Fam Psychol ; 36(6): 1036-1042, 2022 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35266773

ABSTRACT

Novel interventions that overcome limited access to empirically supported psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are sorely needed. Couple helping overcome PTSD and enhance relationships (HOPES), a guided, online couple intervention drawing from cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy (CBCT) for PTSD (Monson, 2012), was designed to decrease PTSD symptoms and improve relationship satisfaction. The present study is the first uncontrolled trial of 17 couples in which one partner was a military member, veteran, or first responder and had probable PTSD (PTSD + partner) based on self-report assessment. Intent-to-intervene analyses revealed significant improvements from pre- to postintervention in PTSD + partners' self-reported PTSD symptoms (g = .72), as well as their intimate partner's relationship satisfaction (g = .34) and behavioral accommodation of PTSD symptoms (g = .84). There were also significant improvements in PTSD + partners' depression (g = .43) and perceived relationship arguments (g = .62). There were similar results found in the completer sample. There were no adverse events and high satisfaction with the intervention in those who completed the evaluation. These findings provide additional initial data on the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of Couple HOPES. The similarities of intent-to-intervene and completer results, as well as the need for randomized controlled trial designs to test Couple HOPES, are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).


Subject(s)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Couples Therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Couples Therapy/methods , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Treatment Outcome
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