A Comparison of Pre- and Postbreakfast Tooth Brushing in Caries Prevention through the Estimation of Streptococcus mutans Counts: A Prospective Clinical and Microbiological Study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of prebreakfast tooth brushing (PrBTB) and postbreakfast tooth brushing (PoBTB) with or without a prebrushing rinse in caries prevention through the estimation of Streptococcus mutans count. Materials and Methods: Sixty consenting dental students were divided into three age-matched groups of 20 each and instructed to follow prebreakfast, postbreakfast tooth brushing, and prebreakfast rinsing plus PoBTB using the Bass technique. Plaque samples were collected at the start and at the end of every quarter for a total of 6 quarters (18 months) for the evaluation of S. mutans colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. The decayed missing filled surface (DMFS) index of participants was also recorded and compared at the beginning and end of the study period. Results: The post-breakfast tooth brushing group with pre-breakfast rinse (RPoBTB) and without pre-breakfast rinse (PoBTB) showed a highly significant reduction in total S. mutans CFU counts per ml (38% and 29% respectively) at the end of the study. The changes in DMFS value were not significant and did not show any correlation with the S. mutans counts. Conclusion: Our study revealed that PoBTB with or without a prebreakfast rinse reduces the total counts of the cariogenic bacteria S. mutans more efficiently than PrBTB. Although further proof in the form of clinical trials is essential, this study provides the proof of concept for a minor change in the tooth brushing habit, which can significantly enhance caries prevention.

Effects of salivary thiocyanate levels on oral mucosa in young adult smokers: A biochemical and cytological study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cigarette smoking is one of the major global health issues. Accurate measurement of smoking is essential for accepting patterns of adolescent smoking behavior and for the evaluation of health education programs aimed at reducing or preventing the habit. The aim of the present study was to estimate and compare the salivary thiocyanate levels in young adult smokers and nonsmokers and also to evaluate and correlate the cellular and nuclear changes in cytological smears with salivary thiocyanate levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 70 individuals in the age range of 18-25 years comprising of 35 smokers and 35 nonsmokers. A volume of 2 ml unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected by spitting method and were carried in a vaccine carrier with ice pack to the laboratory to avoid biochemical changes. Each sample was analyzed on the same day of collection by spectrophotometric method. In addition, cytosmears were prepared using Cytobrush® plus and stained with rapid Papanicolaou stain for cytological evaluation. RESULTS: Salivary thiocyanate levels were significantly higher in smokers than nonsmokers. When these levels were compared with pack-years, there was a progressive significant increase in salivary thiocyanate levels as the pack-years increased. Duration of habit showed no statistically significant effect on salivary thiocyanate levels. Cytological evaluation revealed increase in nuclear-cytoplasmic area ratio and number of micronuclei in smokers than nonsmokers. The correlation between salivary thiocyanate levels and cytological changes showed insignificant result. CONCLUSION: Salivary thiocyanate levels were significantly higher in smokers than controls and showed significant correlation with the number of pack years. Although the present study failed to reveal any significant correlation between salivary thiocyanate level and cytological alterations, few early alterations in the oral mucosa even in the absence of clinical manifestations were detected by exfoliative cytology. Salivary thiocyanate determination is a safe, inexpensive, noninvasive method to differentiate early smokers from nonsmokers.

Oral carriage of cariogenic bacteria and Candida albicans in asthmatic adults before and after anti-asthma medication: A longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Antiasthmatic medications such as ß2 agonists and corticosteroids have shown potential side effects such as increased caries risk and oral candidiasis. Studies evaluating microbial changes in adult asthmatics are very scanty in the literature. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of asthma and its medication on cariogenic bacteria and Candida albicans in adult asthmatics. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate and compare counts of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and lactobacilli in plaque and C. albicans in saliva samples of adult asthmatics with controls and during the course of medication longitudinally. METHODOLOGY: Samples were collected from twenty recently diagnosed asthmatic adults and twenty controls for estimation of microbial counts at baseline and at 3rd and 6th month after initiation of medication among cases. RESULTS: Asthmatics at baseline had higher microbial counts than controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. Comparison between asthmatics at baseline and 3rd month after initiation of medication showed an increase in counts of SM, lactobacilli and decreased C. albicans counts though the difference was not significant. Comparison between asthmatics at baseline and 6th month and also between 3rd and 6th month showed significantly increased counts of SM. Although there was an increase in counts of lactobacilli and decreased C. albicans counts, significant results were not noted. Asthmatics showed increased microbial counts than controls overall. CONCLUSION: Asthmatics were found to have higher microbial counts than controls at baseline. Increase in SM and lactobacilli counts in asthmatics after medication emphasizes the need to monitor these patients regularly.

Immuno-Histochemical and Quantitative Study of Melanocytes and Melanin Granules in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia.

INTRODUCTION: Oral Epithelial dysplasia (OED) is a potentially malignant disorder that is characterized by the presence of architectural and cytological changes. One of the prime factors responsible for the development of these lesions is the usage of tobacco. A variety of factors provide protective mechanism in order to prevent the effects of chemotoxic agents including tobacco products of which, melanin pigmentation is one of the vital elements. AIM: Role of melanocytes in progression of OED has remained unclear, so the present study was done to evaluate density of melanocyte and melanin granules in different grades of epithelial dysplasia and to correlate both findings with different grades of epithelial dysplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 60 OED cases, of which three histopathogical sections were prepared from each block. The sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson Fontana and Human Melanoma Black (HMB-45), an immunohistochemical stain. Quantification of melanin granules was evaluated under 40X magnification using arbitrary scale with micrometer square as, 0= Absence of melanin granules, 1= Rare and scattered melanin granules, 2= Dense but not aggregated melanin granules, 3= Dense and aggregated melanin granules. Density of melanocytes was evaluated under 10X magnification. Five consecutive fields were evaluated for melanocytes and melanin granules starting from the field of highest density. RESULTS: There was an insignificant increase in number of melanocytes and melanin granules in mild and moderate dysplasia compared to normal but significant reduction was observed in severe dysplasia. CONCLUSION: The decrease in number of melanocytes and melanin granules was proportional to severity of epithelial dysplasia. This could be due to chronic irritation by chemical products leading to death of melanocytes.

Diagnostic accuracy of salivary creatinine, urea, and potassium levels to assess dialysis need in renal failure patients.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic renal failure is increasing because of increase in chronic debilitating diseases and progressing age of population. These patients experience accumulation of metabolic byproducts and electrolyte imbalance, which has harmful effects on their health. Timely hemodialysis at regular intervals is a life-saving procedure for these patients. Salivary diagnostics is increasingly used as an alternative to the traditional methods. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the diagnostic efficacy of saliva in chronic renal failure patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study included 82 individuals, of which 41 were chronic renal failure patients and 41 were age- and sex-matched controls. Blood and saliva were collected and centrifuged. Serum and supernatant saliva were used for biochemical analysis. Serum and salivary urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were evaluated and correlated in chronic renal failure patients using unpaired t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, diagnostic validity tests, and receiver operative curve. RESULTS: When compared to serum; salivary urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium showed diagnostic accuracy of 93%, 91%, 73%, and 89%, respectively, based on the findings of study. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that salivary investigation is a dependable, noninvasive, noninfectious, simple, and quick method for screening the mineral and metabolite values of high-risk patients and monitoring the renal failure patients.

Habit-associated salivary pH changes in oral submucous fibrosis-A controlled cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a multi-causal inflammatory reaction to the chemical or mechanical trauma caused due to exposure to arecanut containing products with or without tobacco (ANCP/T). Arecanut and additional components such as lime and chewing tobacco render ANCP/T highly alkaline. Fibrosing repair is a common reaction to an alkaline exposure in the skin. OSF may be related to the alkaline exposure by ANCP/T in a similar manner. AIMS: The study was aimed at establishing the relationship of habit-associated salivary pH changes and OSF. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study design was controlled cross-sectional. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Base line salivary pH (BLS pH), salivary pH after chewing the habitual ANCP/T substance, post chew salivary pH (PCSpH) for 2 min and salivary pH recovery time (SpHRT) were compared in 30 OSF patients and 30 sex-matched individuals with ANCP/T habits and apparently healthy oral mucosa. RESULTS: The group's mean BLSpH values were similar and within normal range and representative of the population level values. The average PCSpH was significantly higher (P ˂ 0.0001) than the average BLSpH in both groups. There was no significant difference (P = 0.09) between PCSpH of OSF patients and controls. OSF patients had a significantly longer (P = 0.0076) SpHRT than controls. Factors such as age, daily exposure, cumulative habit years, BLSpH and PCSpH, had varying effects on the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Chewing ANCP/T causes a significant rise in salivary pH of all individuals. SpHRT has a significant association with OSF. The effect of salivary changes in OSF patients differs with those in healthy controls.

Case Presentation of Concomitant and Contiguous Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor and Focal Cemento-Ossifying Dysplasia.

A 24 year-old male was presented for the diagnosis of an asymptomatic bony expansion in relation to the right maxillary canine and first premolar. The unilocular radiolucent lesion with central foci of calcification had caused divergence of canine and first premolar roots without any resorption. This case report details a diagnosis of two distinct disease processes of different cellular origin namely, focal cemento-ossifying dysplasia and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a previously unreported concomitant and contiguous relationship. The diagnosis was determined by a combination of clinical, radiographic, histopathological and surgical evidence. This case highlights two points, first the need to examine all mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesions with advanced imaging techniques to assess the number and extent of the lesions prior to treatment planning. Second a likely role of periodontal ligament as the tissue source for odontogenic epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells required for the development of odontogenic tumors and cemento-osseous dysplasias.

Predentin thickness analysis in developing and developed permanent teeth.

BACKGROUND: Predentin, the unmineralized organic matrix is important in maintaining the integrity of dentin. It is usually thick where active dentinogenesis occurs. A wide variation in its thickness is reported. Hence, we determined the variation in predentin thickness at various sites of different age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 freshly extracted teeth (maxillary and mandibular first premolars) were divided into three groups with 20 teeth in each as, Group 1 - teeth with incomplete root formation (age <16 years), Group 2 - teeth with complete root formation (aged between 16 and 30 years), Group 3 - teeth of patients aged above 30 years. The teeth were fixed, decalcified and sections of 6 µ thickness were obtained, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The distance between the odontoblastic cell layers of the pulp to the border line of the dentin was considered for the measurement of the predentin thickness. A total of nine sites were considered for each specimen. RESULTS: The present study revealed varied mean predentin thickness at all nine sites in all three age groups. Maximum and minimum thickness was observed at the apex and pulp floor respectively in all three groups. There was a statistical significant difference in predentin thickness between groups 1 and 3 and 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: The predentin thickness in the first group gradually increased toward the growing end near the apex, while it was relatively constant in the second group and increased overall thickness at all the sites in the third group. A notable finding was a linear increase with age in width of the predentin and the thickness vary as a function of odontoblastic activity during different stages of tooth development.

Mucormycosis causing maxillary osteomyelitis.

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection, more commonly observed in immunocompromised patients. The mode of infection is via the inhalation route and infection begins initially in the nose and paranasal sinuses with subsequent invasion into the vascular tissue, eventually leading to thrombosis and necrosis of nearby hard and soft tissues. Here, we report a case of chronic osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone with fungal infection (mucormycosis) and extensive tissue necrosis in an uncontrolled diabetes mellitus patient.

A rapid manual processing technique for resource-limited small laboratories.

BACKGROUND: Surgical pathology is an integral part of diagnosis and management planning in patient care. In the absence of widespread automation, many small laboratories are unable to provide this service due to lack of time. Currently, the shortest processing schedule for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues is 16 working hours; most small laboratories cannot complete the rapid schedules within the average 8-9 working hours. Thus, the availability of an 8-9 h processing schedule that provide satisfactory results can help many small laboratories in routinely providing surgical pathology services. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new rapid processing schedule and compare it with two existing rapid processing schedules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This animal study tested a new rapid processing schedule suggested by authors with overnight preprocessing in 60% isopropyl alcohol followed by an 8 h processing schedule. This was tested and compared with the rapid processing schedules described by Godkar's (11 h) and Bancroft's (2 working days). A routinely used automatic tissue processor long cycle (17 h) was the control. Each schedule was used on 20 tongue specimens. The prepared slides were evaluated for surface area and linear tissue shrinkage, ease of sectioning, quality of hematoxylin and eosin staining, histological appearance and artifacts. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found between schedules. Overall total average performance ranking placed Bancroft's schedule as the best with only 27.9% of the sections processed and stained showing any shortcomings, followed closely by the test schedule suggested by authors (28.7%), Godkar's (31.8%) and the automatic processor schedule/control (33.3%). CONCLUSION: The test results indicated that the schedule devised by authors is an effective rapid processing cycle that produces diagnostic quality histological results when compared with other conventional processing schedules for small tissue blocks (average 6 mm × 8 mm).

Comparison of the validity of two dental age estimation methods: A study on South Indian population.

BACKGROUND: Forensic odontologists are often confronted with the problem of estimating age for the identification of unknown bodies or skeletal remains of accidents, crimes and disaster victims. Teeth have the benefit of being preserved long after other tissues have disintegrated and present the only means for age estimation. Different techniques have been published for dental age estimation with variable accuracy, precision and reliability. The search for optimal method by forensic odontologists has continued over the years until the present day. AIM: The present study was aimed at evaluating and comparing the accuracy of age estimation using translucent dentin and cemental annulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 150 freshly extracted teeth were obtained and longitudinal ground sections were prepared. The length of the translucent dentin was measured and cemental annulations were counted in each section and the age was calculated separately for both the methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that both the methods are reliable in the middle age groups; whereas the large error obtained in the extreme age groups indicate that translucent dentin method should be preferred in older age group and cemental annulations method in the younger age group before the formation of translucent dentin.

Morphological alterations in the dentition of type I diabetes mellitus patients.

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that occurs commonly in an age group, where the development of primary and permanent dentition takes place. As altered endocrine functions may affect the shape and size of teeth leading to dental anomalies, this study was conducted to look for the occurrence of any dental anomalies in type I DM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A diabetic camp was conducted at Alur Chandrashekharappa Memorial Hospital, Davangere, where 30 diabetic patients were examined and the impressions of their maxillary and mandibular arches were recorded. Age and sex matched controls were selected randomly, and similar recordings were done. RESULTS: Type I diabetic patients showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) morphological alterations of total number of cusps, including presence of 6(th) cusp in mandibular molars and extra cusps in mandibular premolars. Other alterations such as microdontia, flower shaped mandibular molars, prominent cusp of carabelli, and oblique ridge in maxillary molars were also noted. Severe attrition was found in 11 (36.6%) of the diabetic patients, whereas the control group showed attrition only in 2 (6.8%) patients. CONCLUSION: Remarkable morphological alterations do occur in the dentition of type I DM patients.

Estimation of age by Kvaal's technique in sample Indian population to establish the need for local Indian-based formulae.

CONTEXT: Age estimation using radiographs by Kvaal and coauthors has shown to be reliable method, possible variation in ethnicity restricts its use in sample Indian population. AIMS: Thus this study was aimed at evaluating the accuracy of age estimation formula of Kvaal and coauthors developed for Norwegian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the subjects (1-100) between the age group 20 and 50 years digitized intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiograph of maxillary central incisors was taken and length and width of the teeth were measured and their ratios were calculated and applied to Kvaal and coauthors formula. The estimated age and chronological age were compared, less accurate results were found in sample Indian population. Modified Kvaal's formula was then developed by using regression analysis of the ratios and to evaluate the accuracy of this formula, the study was repeated using same criteria and methodology on another subjects (101-200). RESULTS: Using Kvaal's formula standard error of estimated age was more in sample Indian population when compared with Norwegian population. Then modified Kvaal's formula was developed and applied to sample Indian population, which showed accurate results. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that formula which was derived from Norwegian population is not applicable to sample Indian population.

Confounding factors and diagnostic accuracy of imprint cytology.

BACKGROUND: Eradication of malignant tumors at the primary site with oncological safe margin is a critical requirement for obtaining better survival rate and less recurrence. Touch imprint cytology (TIC) has proven itself as a quick, simple, inexpensive, highly accurate and reliable intraoperative technique to assess surgical margins in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. However, it is still unclear how the mode of excision, i.e. by scalpel (SC) and electrocautery (EC), or the method of staining, i.e. Papanicolaou (PAP) and cytohaem, affect the diagnostic accuracy of TIC. OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of confounding factors like mode of excision (EC/SC) and staining (PAP/cytohaem) on the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative TIC technique for assessing surgical margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to paraffin-embedded HE-stained sections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients underwent surgical treatment for primary oral squamous cell carcinoma. Three hundred and forty-eight touch imprint slides were prepared from 174 margins of 30 resected tumor specimens. Two adjacent tissues from the margin to be evaluated were imprinted to observe differences between surfaces excised by EC and SC. The set of imprint from each margin tissue was stained with PAP and cytohaem. The TIC results of 180 EC-excised margins and 168 SC-excised margins were compared. Results of 174 imprints stained with RAPID-PAP were compared to their counterpart comprising of 174 cytohaem-stained imprints. The slides were diagnosed as positive, negative or suspicious for tumor. Finally, TIC results were checked against their respective histopathological sections. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the results of imprints from EC/SC-excised margins (Z = 0.44, p = 0.70) or the imprints stained with PAP/cytohaem (Z = 0.44, p = 0.70). CONCLUSION: Confounding factors like mode of excision and staining procedure do not significantly influence the results of imprint cytology.

Effect of vitality on translucent dentine - a study.

BACKGROUND: Sclerosis of dentinal tubules may be a response to pathological or physiological insult in the crown & root. The mechanism by which apical translucency is produced is still uncertain. The increase in size of the apical zone of sclerotic dentin in human teeth has been used often in forensic science as a method of age estimation. However, only few studies have been done to compare percentage of translucency between vital and non-vital teeth. Conflicting concepts exist regarding the amount of translucent dentin in the vital & non vital teeth and correlation of this variation with age of the subject. AIMS: To investigate the amount and distribution of apical translucent dentin in group-matched vital and non-vital teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was conducted on 70 extracted teeth, which were subjected for vitality test before extraction, and divided into two groups (vital & non-vital teeth) with a minimum of 35 teeth in each group. Ground sections of 150µ thickness were observed under Stereomicroscope and photographed. The distribution of area and length was measured on the images captured, using PROPLUS IMAGE ANALYSIS SOFTWARE version 4.1.0.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in apical translucency of dentin, when both vital and non-vital teeth types were compared. There was more apical translucency present in non-vital when compared with vital teeth at any given age. Key words: Apical translucency; vital teeth; non-vital teeth. How to cite this article: Selvamani M, Madhushankari G S, Basandi P S, Donoghue M, Nayak V, Diwakar G. Effect of Vitality on Translucent Dentine - A Study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(2):1-7.

A comparative study of various decalcification techniques.

BACKGROUND: Study of fibrilar, cellular and sub cellular structures of mineralized tissues is only possible after the removal of the calcium apatite of these tissues by the process of demineralization. AIMS: The present study aims to evaluate six commonly used demineralizing agents to identify the best decalcifying agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included six different decalcifying solutions: 10% formal nitric acid, 8% formal nitric acid, 10% formic acid, 8% formic acid, Perenyi's fluid and Ethylene Di-Amine Tetra Acetic Acid. eight samples of posterior mandible of rat were decalcified in each of the decalcifying solutions and subjected to chemical end-point test. Ehrlich's Hematoxylin stain was used. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: One way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons and Chi-square test was used for analyzing categorical data. P value of 0.05/less was set for statistical significance. RESULTS: Samples treated with EDTA showed the best overall histological impression and the tissue integrity were well preserved. Formal nitric of both the percentages 10 and 8% gave fairly good cellular detail and were rapid in their action. CONCLUSION: The final impression led to the proposition that EDTA was indeed the best decalcifying agent available. However, with time constraint, the use of formal nitric acid is advocated.

Intraoperative imprint evaluation of surgical margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multifactorial malignant epithelial neoplasm. Tumor clearance at the surgical margins in OSCC is a critical factor which strongly influences both the local recurrence and overall survival rate. A quick and accurate intraoperative diagnostic procedure can make a significant difference to the survival rate. Touch imprint cytology (TIC) has commonly been used in the past for the diagnosis of tumors and the detection of sentinel lymph node metastasis. It is routinely applied for intraoperative margin analysis of breast lumpectomy specimens, where it has been proven to have a good success rate. The effectiveness and reliability of TIC in the intraoperative margin evaluation of OSCC, however, has not been established so far. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the intraoperative TIC technique for assessing surgical margins in OSCC in comparison to paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty previously untreated, biopsy-proven OSCC patients undergoing surgical treatment between December 2008 and September 2010 were included. Patients diagnosed with histological variants of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or recurrent tumor were excluded. Three hundred forty-eight touch imprint slides were prepared from 174 margins of 30 resected tumor specimens. Imprints from tumor proper were taken as positive controls. The slides were reported as positive, negative or suspicious for tumor. After all cytological interpretation was completed, the results were compared with the corresponding histological diagnosis. RESULTS: This pioneer study showed that TIC has an overall accuracy of 83%, sensitivity of 91.1%, specificity of 74.4%, positive predictive value of 79.2% and a negative predictive value of 88.6%. The false-positive margins evaluated by TIC were 43 (12.3%) and the false-negative ones were 16 (4.6%). CONCLUSION: TIC is a quick, simple, inexpensive, highly accurate and reliable intraoperative technique to assess surgical margins in SCC of the oral cavity.

Analysis of 153 cases of odontogenic cysts in a South Indian sample population: a retrospective study over a decade

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic cysts and to identify their clinico-pathological features among patients by studying biopsy specimens obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India, during the past 10 years. Data for the study were retrieved from the case records of patients fitting the histological classification of the World Health Organization (1992). Analyzed clinical variables included age, gender, anatomical location, and histological diagnosis. Of the 2275 biopsy reports analyzed, 194 cases (8.5%) were jaw cysts, including odontogenic (6.7%) and nonodontogenic cysts (0.25%). Odontogenic cysts included 69.3% radicular, 20.3% dentigerous, 5.2% keratinizing odontogenic, 3.3% residual, and 1.9% other cysts, such as lateral periodontal, botryoid odontogenic, and gingival cysts. The most frequent clinical manifestation was swelling, followed by a combination of pain and swelling. Age, gender, and location were related to the etiopathologic characteristics of the cyst type. A definitive diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical, radiological, and histological findings, which makes a good interdepartmental relationship between the clinicians and pathologists essential. Knowledge of the biological and histological behavior of the odontogenic cysts is required for their early detection and treatment.