Nanoscale real-time detection of quantum vortices at millikelvin temperatures.

Since we still lack a theory of classical turbulence, attention has focused on the conceptually simpler turbulence in quantum fluids. Reaching a better understanding of the quantum case may provide additional insight into the classical counterpart. That said, we have hitherto lacked detectors capable of the real-time, non-invasive probing of the wide range of length scales involved in quantum turbulence. Here we demonstrate the real-time detection of quantum vortices by a nanoscale resonant beam in superfluid 4He at 10 mK. Essentially, we trap a single vortex along the length of a nanobeam and observe the transitions as a vortex is either trapped or released, detected through the shift in the beam resonant frequency. By exciting a tuning fork, we control the ambient vortex density and follow its influence on the vortex capture and release rates demonstrating that these devices are capable of probing turbulence on the micron scale.

[Diagnosis and treatment of gastric campylobacteriosis in patients with peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis]. / Diagnostika i lechenie zheludochnogo kampilobakterioza u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu i khronicheskim gastritom.

The endoscopic picture of peptic ulcer was studied in 104 patients; the gastric mucosa of 30 per cent of the patients was infected with Campylobacter pyloridis (CP) and had acute erosions in the pyloroduodenal zone. Erosions in uninfected patients were found in 3 per cent of the cases. The predominant lymphoid infiltration of the mucous coat of the stomach was revealed in 60 ulcer patients irrespective of the CP infection. Mucous infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes was found in 13 chronic gastritis patients (in 6 of them gastritis was combined with CP infection). The urease test was positive during the first hour in 82 per cent of the cases in the presence of a large number of CP in histological specimens. Treatment of 31 patients with gastric campylobacteriosis using various antibacterial agents or their combination revealed that continuous 2 months bismuth subnitrate medication was more effective for gastric mucosa disinfection. In addition, favourable results were often obtained when a combination of two antimicrobial agents was used.

[Morphology of the circulatory and lymphatic beds of the liver in experimental burns]. / Morfologiia krovenosnogo i limfaticheskogo rusel pecheni pri ozhogovoi bolezni v éksperimente.

Vascular reaction of the liver has been studied in dogs, died and sacrificed during various periods of the burn disease; quantitative characteristics of vascular changes are presented. The data obtained demonstrate that during the whole course of the disease there is a sharp hepatic plethora and sinusoid dilatation demonstrated to a greater extent in the died than in the sacrificed animals. A prolonged capillary congestion (took place in the died animals) is accompanied by more pronounced tissue changes (in comparison with the sacrificed animals) in the form of large foci of albuminous dystrophy and necrotic processes. A suggestion is made that such morphological indices as sharp dilatation of the interlobular arteries and sinuses with pronounced phenomena of plethora, thrombosis of the portal vein branches, large focal hemorrhage could be considered as critical points in adaptation of the peripheral circulation.

[Morphometric analysis of the state of the intraorganic blood vessels]. / Morfometricheskii analiz sostoianiia vnutriorgannykh krovenosnykh sosudov.

A method for reconstruction of intraorganic vessels sections visible in histological sections into the sections of regular round vessels with preservation of real area of their wall and lumen is presented. A new characteristic of the vessel state is introduced -- degree of elastic membrane twistiness. Changes in various branches of the dog pulmonary artery at burns and at simultaneous bilateral resection of 58% lung tissue are taken as an example in order to demonstrate that at a complex analysis of the vascular wall area/the lumen area ratio, taking into account the degree of elastic membrane twistiness, it is possible to differentiate functional changes of the vascular tonus from the organic ones.