[The regional characteristics of the blood plasma lipid levels and of the indices of arterial pressure and physical development in schoolchildren of Russian nationality living in different climatic-geographic areas (based on the data from a single study in Ashgabad, Moscow, Orenburg, Tyumen and Tallinn)]. / O regional'nykh osobennostiakh urovnei lipidov plazmy krovi, pokazatelei arterial'nogo davleniia i fizicheskogo razvitiia u shkol'nikov russkoi natsional'nosti, prozhivaiushchikh v razlichnykh klimatogeograficheskikh zonakh (po dannym odnomomentnogo issledovaniia v Ashgabade, Moskve, Orenburge, Tiumeni i Tallinne).

Random samples from a schoolchildren population living in different climatic and geographic regions were entered in the standard epidemiological survey. They were examined for plasma lipids vs. arterial pressure and physical development. Region-specific predictors of atherosclerosis were elucidated in Russian schoolchildren as an example. Cholesterol levels proved significantly higher in Tallinn schoolchildren (northwest territories), while the lowest ones occurred in Ashkhabad children (south territories).

[The regional characteristics of the prevalence of elevated arterial pressure in the schoolchildren of Moscow, Tallinn and Novosibirsk (a cooperative study)]. / Regional'nye osobennosti rasprostraneniia povyshennogo arterial'nogo davleniia u shkol'nikov Moskvy, Tallinna i Novosibirska (kooperativenoe issledovanie).

The authors describe the results of a cooperative epidemiological screening of schoolchildren aged 11 to 14 years, living in Moscow, Tallinn and Novosibirsk. 1219 persons underwent screening in Moscow, 923 in Novosibirsk, and 1227 in Tallinn; the screening coverage was 88.3, 92 and 87.2%, respectively. The mean values of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (AP), the anthropometric parameters, and of the degree of puberty are given with respect to the cities. The structure as well as predictors of high AP in schoolchildren differed with respect to the above-indicated cities. The highest AP values were identified in Moscow schoolchildren whereas the least ones in schoolchildren living in Tallinn. The data obtained were compared to those of the epidemiological screening of the male population aged 20 to 54 years, living in the same cities. A reverse correlation has been established.

[Atherogenic dyslipidemia in adolescents: its relation to ischemic heart disease in their fathers and the possibility of its prognosis]. / Aterogennye dislipidemii u podrostkov: svia'z s nalichiem ishemi- cheskoi bolezni serdtsa u ottsov, vozmozhnos't prognozirovaniia.

Comparison of a group of adolescents aged 11-16 years whose fathers had angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis in youth with those matched by sex and age whose parents were clinically healthy yielded the following discriminant function (DF) involving lipid and apoprotein indices of the plasma lipid system: DF = [apo B] X 0.03-[HDL cholesterol] X 0.04-0.81. DF greater than or equal to 0 discriminates from the controls 32% of the offsprings from the fathers with a history, DF less than 0 correctly classifies 98% of adolescents from the controls. The adolescents who have DF greater than or equal to 0 amounted to about 19% in representative samples of Moscow adolescents. Moreover, DF with 80% probability makes it possible to predict the time course of serum lipid levels in adolescents within 2 years.

[Study of arterial pressure, body weight, motor activity and prevalence of smoking in two independent samples of Moscow schoolchildren 11 and 14 years of age]. / Izuchenie arterial'nogo davleniia, massy tela, dvigatel'noi aktivnosti i rasprostranennosti kureniia na dvukh nezavisimykh vyborkakh Moskovskikh shkol'nikov 11 i 14 let.

The paper treats the results of a comparative 6-year study of arterial blood pressure, body weight, motor activity, and tobacco-smoking prevalence with respect to two representative samples of schoolchildren aged 11 and 14 years living in one of the districts of Moscow. A total of 1999 and 1219 persons were examined. The scope of examination amounted to 88 to 93 percent. From 1978-1980 to 1985-1986 the levels of systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure increased whereas the physical activity of the schoolchildren of the same age declined. The situation with tobacco-smoking changed towards better. Thus the number of tobacco-smoking boys aged 14 years reduced almost 2-fold in spite of the lack of any prophylactic interventions in that population.

Epidemiology of atherogenic dyslipoproteinaemias in pubertal children (a prospective study).

The study presents the results of a two-year prospective study of a random representative sample of 772 Moscow pupils, aged 10-13 years. Response rate at entry was 95%, one year later--83%, and 80% two years later. The epidemiological situation regarding various atherogenic dyslipoproteinaemias in pubertal children was studied. The most threatening, i.e., stable dyslipoproteinaemias were detected most often in children with an increased number of risk factors of ischaemic heart disease. Dyslipoproteinaemia stabilization is affected mainly by physical and sexual development of children and their physical activity. These findings can be used for targeted non-medicamentous prevention in pubertal children.

Epidemiological characteristics of dyslipoproteinaemia and certain other risk factors of atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease in 11- and 14-year children in different climatogeographic zones. Results of a cooperative study.

The authors compare the prevalence of risk factors of atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease (dyslipoproteinaemia, elevated arterial pressure, overweight, smoking, low physical activity) in representative samples of 11- and 14-year old school-children in Moscow, Novosibirsk and Tallin. The number of pupils subjected to medical examination totalled 3369; the respondence rate was 87-92%. There appeared a number of regional differences: the study in Moscow showed the highest prevalence of elevated arterial pressure and overweight, in Novosibirsk - hypertriglyceridaemia, in Tallin - hypercholesterolaemia. The most unfavourable situation was registered in school-children in Novosibirks. The authors conclude that when planning preventive measures among the population it is necessary to take into account regional specificities and differences in the intensity of risk factors in children populations.

[Comparative characteristics of the plasma lipid composition of 10-11-year-old schoolchildren in Moscow and Novosibirsk]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika lipidnogo sostava plazmy krovi u shkol'nikov v vozraste 10-11 let Moskvy i Novosibirska.

The role of lipoproteins in the etiology of atherosclerosis has been proved by the present time and dyslipoproteinemia is considered one of the main risk factors like smoking and arterial hypertension. In 1983-1984 an epidemiological survey of a representative sample of schoolchildren was conducted in one of the Moscow districts and according to a unified program among standardized participants in Novosibirsk. As a result, regional normal limits and mean values of blood plasma lipids were established in the populations of schoolchildren aged 10-11 in Moscow and Novosibirsk, their comparative characteristics and interrelationships between physical development and a degree of puberty were studied. Considerable differences in the TG level of plasma were found. The fact might be due to regional nutrition habits.

[Nutrition and dyslipoproteinemias in schoolchildren aged 13 to 16]. / Pitanie i dislipoproteidemii u shkol'nikov v vozraste 13--16 let.

In current studies of dyslipoproteinemia (DLP) development great emphasis is laid on the type of nutrition, its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, harmful habits, their formation in childhood and an attempt to influence them. However the problem of the start of stable DLP development and the role of dietary habits is yet to be solved. A random subsample of 169 school children aged 13 to 16 in the Krasnopresnensky District of Moscow was examined, among them 73 boys and 96 girls. High values of mean alimentary cholesterol, total and saturated fats and low mean amounts of consumed polyunsaturated fats were revealed. It could be inferred that the examined population was characterized by a high risk of the formation of atherogenic DLP stability. An analysis of the findings showed a considerable increase in the consumption of total and saturated fats as well as food rich in cholesterol in the group of children with stable DLP forms confirming the effect of the environmental factors including the alimentary ones, on processes of DLP formation in childhood. Further investigation of DLP in children should be conducted in the form of prospective studies otherwise design of activities in early prevention of atherogenic DLP seems impossible.

[Lipids and apoproteins in the blood plasma of children with a hereditary disposition to ischemic heart disease]. / Lipid i apoproteiny v plazme krovi detei s nasledstvennoi predraspolozhennost'iu k ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

An investigation of children with aggravated heredity (coronary disease), and those with vegetovascular dystonia whose parents had no clinically apparent coronary disease demonstrated unidirectional shifts in the lipoprotein system of the two samples as compared to the controls: increased cholesterol levels in low-density lipoproteins and lowered cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins and apoprotein A1. In children with aggravated heredity, these changes are also associated with vegetovascular dystonia, whereas in the absence of the latter they are not apparent or minimal. At the same time, certain differences in cholesterol distribution over lipoprotein fractions and protein/lipid ratios suggest that mechanisms of changes are not identical in children with aggravated heredity and those free from it.