Analysis of Plantar Tactile Sensitivity in Older Women after Conventional Proprioceptive Training and Exergame.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the effects of conventional proprioceptive training and games with motion monitoring on plantar tactile sensitivity in older women. METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial, with 50 older women randomized into three groups: conventional proprioception (n = 17), games with motion monitoring (n = 16), and the control (n = 17). They underwent 24 intervention sessions, three times a week, for eight weeks. The conventional proprioception group performed exercises involving gait, balance, and proprioception. The games performed by the motion monitoring group included exercises using the Xbox Kinect One video game from Microsoft®. The evaluation of tactile pressure sensitivity was performed using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. Intragroup comparisons between the two paired samples were performed using paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test. Intergroup comparisons between the three independent samples were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post hoc test, with p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The older women submitted to conventional games with motion monitoring training and showed improvement in plantar tactile sensitivity in the right and left feet. When comparing the intergroup results, the two training modalities obtained an improvement in the plantar tactile sensitivity of the older women when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that both training modalities may favor the improvement of plantar tactile sensitivity in older women, with no significant differences between conventional and virtual training.

Central involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in antinociception induced by photobiomodulation in animal model of neuropathic pain.

This study aimed to investigate the central involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the nociceptive behavior of mice submitted to the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve and the subsequent application of photobiomodulation (PBM). Male mice (Swiss-albino) were submitted to CCI and subsequently received an infusion of WAY100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist) or intracerebroventricular saline (ICV), followed by infrared laser irradiation (808 nm), in continuous mode, with the power of 100 mW and a dose of 0 J/cm2 (control group) or 50 J/cm2. The thermal hyperalgesia was evaluated by hot plate test, while mechanical allodynia was evaluated by von Frey filaments. After CCI, animals showed a reduction in the nociceptive threshold (p<0.001) when compared to the sham group. In von Frey test, the CCI + saline + PBM 50 J/cm2 group showed an increase in nociceptive threshold (p<0.001) in all measurement moments in comparison with groups CCI + SALINE + PBM 0 J/cm2, CCI + WAY100635 + PBM 50 J/cm2, and CCI + WAY100635 + PBM 0 J/cm2. Similarly, in hot plate test, CCI + SALINE + PBM 50 J/cm2 group showed an increase in nociceptive threshold after application of PBM at 120 and 180 min. Because of the results found, it can be suggested the involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the central nervous system, since WAY100635 was able to reverse the antinociceptive effect provided by PBM in animals submitted to CCI.

Effect of Resistance Exercise on Body Structure and Function, Activity, and Participation in Individuals With Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of resistance exercise (RE) on body structure and function, activity, and participation in individuals with Parkinson Disease (PD) in the mild to moderate stages. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and PEDro were searched from inception until June 2020 using the terms "Parkinson Disease," "Exercise," "Resistance Training," "Muscle Strength," "Cardiorespiratory Fitness," "Postural Balance," "Gait," and "Quality of Life." STUDY SELECTION: We included studies conducted in individuals with PD involving RE compared with a control group. Two independent reviewers performed the selection process based on titles, abstracts, and full-text reading. In total, 270 individuals with PD were included from 10 selected studies. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted characteristics related to participants, intervention and control types, and results. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality, and the level of evidence was analyzed and synthesized using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. DATA SYNTHESIS: The level of evidence for body structure and function was low and without effect for lower limb muscle strength; very low and with effect for upper limb muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and postural balance; and very low and without effect for flexibility after RE training. For activity, the evidence was very low and with effect for gait and very low and without effect for mobility. For participation (ie, quality of life) the evidence was very low and without effect. CONCLUSIONS: Although the level of evidence was low to very low, RE was shown to promote improvements in body structure and function (upper limb muscle strength, cardiovascular function, postural balance) and activity (gait). In contrast, RE did not significantly improve participation (quality of life). However, based on the present findings, the practice of RE can be recommended for individuals with PD in the mild to moderate stages.

Queda e medo de morrer em idosos residentes na comunidade / Fall and fear of dying in elderly community residents

O envelhecimento populacional torna-se um fenômeno mundial, ocorrendo em larga escala, fazendo com que seja necessária atenção com os cuidados a saúde dos idosos, proporcionando um prolongamento com a qualidade. O objetivo é verificar a associação entre queda e medo de morrer em idosos residentes em comunidades. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, de caráter quantitativo, realizado com 44 idosos cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, no município de Vitória da Conquista/BA. Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico, acrescido da escala Fall risk score de Downton para a avaliação do risco e prevalência de quedas e do Whoqol- Old para avaliar o tema "medo de morrer". Os dados foram tabulados no programa estatístico SPSS 21.0, sendo calculadas as frequências relativas e absolutas de todas as variáveis de interesse. Em relação à ocorrência de quedas constatou-se que a prevalência foi de 15,9%. Ao observar o domínio Morte ou morrer do Whoqol-Old notouse que os idosos caidores apresentaram-se com score médio inferior (19,64) aos idosos que não sofreram quedas (29,68). Conclui-se que a ocorrência de queda gera um aumento do medo da morte entre os idosos, levando a redução da sua independência, autonomia e consequentemente a qualidade de vida. (AU)

Population aging becomes a worldwide phenomenon, occurring on a large scale, making it necessary to pay attention to the health care of the elderly, providing an extension with quality. The objective of this study was to verify the association between fall and fear of dying in elderly residents in communities. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of a quantitative character, carried out with 44 elderly people enrolled in a Basic Health Unit in the city of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. A sociodemographic questionnaire was applied, along with Downton's Fall risk score scale for the assessment of the risk and prevalence of falls, and the Whoqol-old to evaluate the "fear of dying" theme. The data were tabulated in the statistical program SPSS 21.0, and the relative and absolute frequencies of all the variables of interest were calculated. The prevalence of occurrence of falls was 15.9%. When observing the death or dying domain of Whoqol-Old, it was observed that the elderly that falls frequently presented a lower mean score (19.64) for the elderly who did not suffer falls (29.68). It is concluded that the occurrence of fall causes an increase in the fear of death among the elderly, leading to a reduction in their independence, autonomy and consequently quality of life. (AU)

Efeito da realidade virtual no recrutamento de fibras musculares e força muscular respiratória em pacientes com doença de Parkinson - estudo piloto / Effect of virtual reality on recruitment of muscle fibers and respiratory muscle strength in patients with Parkinson's disease - pilot study

Introdução: A Doença de Parkinson compromete a mobilidade da caixa torácica, acarretando limitação progressiva da ventilação, devido ao padrão de flexão e rigidez e fraqueza muscular. A realidade virtual propicia interação em tempo real com atividades e ambientes tridimensionais. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da realidade virtual no recrutamento de fibras e forças musculares respiratória e postural em pacientes com doença de Parkinson. Métodos: Estudo clínico, piloto, prospectivo, com alocação por conveniência. Dez indivíduos foram selecionados e alocados em grupo estudo (GE n=5) constituídos por idosos com DP e grupo controle (GC n=5) formado por idosos na mesma faixa etária, sem condições clínicas neurológicas e respiratórias. As variáveis mensuradas foram: independência funcional, desempenho motor, força muscular respiratória, recrutamento de fibras musculares respiratórias e posturais, e qualidade de vida. Foram realizadas 16 sessões com realidade virtual. Resultados: As Pressões Inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e Expiratória máxima (PEmáx) melhoraram em alguns momentos da intervenção. O recrutamento de fibras musculares em esternocleidomastóideo diminuiu e o recrutamento de fibras musculares no diafragma aumentou. Conclusão: A PImáx e a PEmáx melhoraram em alguns momentos do tratamento, e houve diminuição do recrutamento de fibras musculares dos músculos respiratórios acessórios nos pacientes com DP. (AU)

Introduction: Parkinson's disease commits the mobility of the rib cage, causing progressive ventilation limitation due to bending and stiffness. Virtual reality provides real-time interaction with activities and three-dimensional environments. Objective: To evaluate the effect of virtual reality on the recruitment of muscle fibers and respiratory and postural muscle strength in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Clinical, pilot, prospective study, with allocation by convenience. Ten individuals were selected and allocated to a study group (EG n = 5) consisting of elderly people with Parkinson and a control group (CG n = 5) formed by elderly people in the same age group, without neurological and respiratory conditions. The measured variables were functional independence, motor performance, respiratory muscle strength, recruitment of respiratory and postural muscle fibers, and quality of life. 16 sessions were held with virtual reality. Results: The maximum inspiratory pressures (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressures (MEP) improved in some moments of the intervention. The recruitment of muscle fibers in the sternocleidomastoid decreased and the recruitment of muscle fibers in the diaphragm increased. Conclusion: MIP and MEP improved in some moments of treatment, and there was a decrease in the recruitment of muscle fibers from accessory respiratory muscles in patients with PD. (AU)

The influence of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 on the periaqueductal gray in mice treated with photobiomodulation after chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve: a placebo-controlled trial / Influência do receptor canabinóide CB1 na substância cinzenta periaquedutal em camundongos tratados por fotobiomodulação após constrição crônica do nervo ciático: ensaio controlado por placebo

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies have demonstrated that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor is involved in the modulation of pain, mainly by activating the descending pain control pathway. However, the role of photobiomodulation in this process is not well elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the involvement of the CB1 receptor in the supraspinal photobiomodulation-induced antinociception. METHODS: Male albino swiss mice were submitted to chronic constriction injury and treated with photobiomodulation. To evaluate the supraspinal involvement of the CB1 receptor in the photobiomodulation-induced antinociception, the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (0.1µg/vol 0.2µL) was injected 5 minutes before the photobiomodulation treatment. The photobiomodulation treatment was performed on the fifth day after the stereotactic surgery and chronic constriction injury at a dose of 50J/cm2 in acute condition. The hot plate and von Frey monofilaments tests were performed to evaluate the thermal and mechanical pain sensitivity, respectively. RESULTS: The thermal and mechanical nociceptive threshold was higher in mice with chronic constriction injury, injected with saline and treated with photobiomodulation at the dose of 50J/cm2 in both the hot plate (p<0.001) and von Frey (p>0.001) tests. These antinociceptive effects were not detected in mice with chronic constriction injury pre-treated with AM251. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that CB1 receptors located in Supraspinal structures, participate in the control of neuropathic pain following photobiomodulation treatment in animals undergoing chronic constriction injury.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Estudos demonstraram que o receptor canabinóide CB1 está envolvido na modulação da dor, principalmente pela ativação da via descendente de controle da dor, porém o papel da fotobiomodulação nesse processo não é bem elucidado. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o envolvimento do receptor CB1 na antinocicepção induzida pela fotobiomodulação a nível supraespinhal. MÉTODOS: Camundongos machos suíço albinos foram submetidos à lesão por constrição crônica e tratados com fotobiomodulação. Para avaliar o envolvimento supraespinhal do receptor CB1 na antinocicepção induzida por fotobiomodulação foi injetado o antagonista do receptor canabinóide CB1, AM251 (0,1µg/vol 0,2µL) 5 minutos antes do tratamento com fotobiomodulação. O tratamento de fotobiomodulação foi realizado no quinto dia após cirurgia estereotática e lesão por constrição crônica, na dose de 50J/cm2 em estado agudo. Os testes de placa quente e monofilamentos de von Frey foram realizados para avaliar a sensibilidade térmica e mecânica à dor, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: O limiar térmico e mecânico nociceptivo foi maior nos camundongos com lesão por constrição crônica, injetados com solução salina e tratados com fotobiomodulação na dose de 50J/cm2 nos testes de placa quente (p<0,001) e von Frey (p>0,001). Esses efeitos antinociceptivos não foram detectados em camundongos com lesão por constrição crônica tratados com AM251. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo sugere que os receptores CB1 localizados nas estruturas supraespinhais participam do controle da dor neuropática, após tratamento com fotobiomodulação em animais submetidos à lesão por constrição crônica.

Associação entre os aspectos sociodemográficos, condições de saúde e qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de idosos dependentes / Association between the sociodemographic aspects, health conditions and quality of life of dependent elderly caregivers

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre os aspectos sociodemográficos, condições de saúde e qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de idosos dependentes. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo analítico transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 42 cuidadores informais de idosos dependentes funcionais cadastrados em Unidades de Saúde da Família de três bairros do município de Vitória da Conquista/BA. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi composto por um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e pelo WHOQOL BREF. Os dados coletados foram analisados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Science SPSS® versão 21.0, sendo então realizada análise estatística descritiva e aplicação do Teste do quiquadrado. Em relação às condições sociodemográficos dos cuidadores, observou-se uma frequência de cuidadores do sexo feminino, casadas e com escolaridade inferior a ensino fundamental completo. Na avaliação das condições de saúde, verificou-se que a maioria dos cuidadores de idosos dependentes apresenta problemas de saúde, sendo mais frequente a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e as doenças osteomusculares. Na avaliação da qualidade de vida foi constatado que os domínios de menores médias foram os domínios físicos e psicológicos. Foi possível concluir que as mulheres são as principais cuidadoras de idosos dependentes, e que sua qualidade de vida vem sendo afetada pelo exercício da função. (AU)

The objective of this study was to analyze the association between sociodemographic aspects, health conditions and quality of life of caregivers of dependent elderly people. This is a crosssectional analytical study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 42 informal caregivers of functional dependent elderly enrolled in Family Health Units of three neighborhoods in the city of Vitória da Conquista/BA. The data collection instrument was composed of a sociodemographic data questionnaire and the WHOQOL BREF. The data collected were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Science SPSS® version 21.0, and descriptive statistical analysis and chisquare test were performed. Regarding the sociodemographic conditions, the caregivers are mostly female, married and with education level less than elementary education. In the evaluation of the health conditions, we verified that the majority of the caregivers present health problems, being more frequent the Systemic Blood Hypertension) and musculoskeletal diseases. In the evaluation of the quality of life we considered that the domains of lower averages were the physical and psychological domains. We concluded that women are the main caregivers of dependent elderly, and that their quality of life is affected by the exercise of the function. (AU)

Relação entre sintomas depressivos e risco de quedas em idosos cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde / Relationship between depressive symptoms and risk of falls in elderly registered in a Basic Unit of Health

O presente estudo tem por objetivo apontar a relação entre a presença de sintomas depressivos e o risco de quedas em idosos. Trata-se de estudo tipo exploratório, descritivo e analí­tico, com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa, realizado no municí­pio de Vitória da Conquista/BA. A mostra foi composta por 66 idosos cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. O instrumento de pesquisa foi constituí­do de: questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica-15 e Timed Up and Go. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise descritiva e aplicação do teste Qui-quadrado. Constatou-se no presente estudo uma maior distribuição de idosos do sexo feminino (65,2%), casados (43,9%) e com ní­vel de escolaridade referente a ensino fundamental completo (42,4%). Na avaliação da presença de sintomas depressivos houve uma maior frequência de idosos sem sintomas depressivos (80,3%), e dos idosos que apresentaram sintomas depressivos a maioria foi classificada com depressão leve (16,7%). Todos os idosos foram classificados com risco de quedas, sendo a maioria classificada com médio risco de quedas (51,5%). Com a aplicação do teste do Qui-quadrado e as variáveis do estudo, constatou-se diferença estatí­stica significativa apenas entre a categoria médio risco de quedas do TUG e a presença de sintomas depressivos (p-valor = 0,000). Conclui-se neste estudo que a presença de sintomas depressivos tem relação negativa com o risco de quedas em idosos. (AU)

The present study aims to analyze the relationship between the presence of depressive symptoms and the risk of falls in the elderly. This is an exploratory descriptive study with a crosssectional design and quantitative approach, carried out in the city of Vitória da Conquista/BA. The sample consisted of 66 elderly people enrolled in a Basic Health Unit. The research instrument consisted of: socio-demographic questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and Timed Up and Go. Data was analyzed through descriptive analysis and application of the Chi-square test. In the present study, a greater distribution of elderly female (65.2%), married (43.9%) and with elementary school (42.4%) was found. In the evaluation of the presence of depressive symptoms, there was a higher frequency of elderly people without depressive symptoms (80.3%), and the majority of the elderly with depressive symptoms were classified as mild depression (16.7%). All the elderly were classified as having a risk of falls, with the majority classified as having a medium risk of falls (51.5%). With the Chi-square test and the study variables, a statistically significant difference was found only between the mean risk category of TUG falls and the presence of depressive symptoms (p-value = 0.000). We concluded in this study that the presence of depressive symptoms has a negative relation with the risk of falls in the elderly. (AU)

Sexualidade e envelhecimento: a percepção de idosos participantes de grupo de convivência / Sexuality and aging: the perception of elderly participants of a coexistence group

Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com 12 idosos participantes de um grupo de convivência com idade mí­nima de 60 anos e máxima de 85 anos tendo por objetivo geral analisar as concepções de sexualidade entre idosos participantes de grupo de convivência. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista aberta. Os resultados foram analisados com base na Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temática, permitindo inferir que apesar das mudanças fisiológicas que ocorrem no corpo e na rotina com o processo de envelhecimento, os idosos estão em processo de adaptação nas vivências da sexualidade, ainda que não seja apenas pelo ato sexual. Os idosos reconhecem a importância da sexualidade e da busca pela satisfação pessoal e do bem-estar. (AU)

This is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach, developed with 12 elderly participants of a coexistence group with minimum age of 60 years and maximum of 85 years, with general objective to analyze the conceptions of sexuality among elderly people in a cohabitation group. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire and an open interview. The results were analyzed based on the Thematic Content Analysis Technique, allowing to infer that despite the physiological changes that occur in the body and the routine with the aging process, the elderly are in the process of adaptation in the experiences of sexuality, even if it is not just for the sexual act. The elderly recognize the importance of sexuality and the search for personal satisfaction and well-being. (AU)

Doença de Parkinson: efeito da terapia vibratória no recrutamento da musculatura postural / Parkinson disease: effects of vibrating therapy in recruitment of postural muscle

A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença degenerativa e progressiva do sistema nervoso central, caracterizada por sintomas motores, alterações musculoesqueléticas e posturais que podem ser influenciadas por um processo de organização sensorial anormal. A eletromiografia (EMG) é uma ferramenta de avaliação não invasiva importante para análise do recrutamento da musculatura postural. A terapia vibratória surge como uma opção promissora na estimulação somatossensorial desta população. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da terapia vibratória no recrutamento da musculatura postural em pacientes com DP. Métodos: Foram analisados os músculos longuíssimo lombar (LL) e trapézio ascendente (TA) por EMG. Foi realizada a aplicação de um protocolo de 8 semanas (24 atendimentos) de terapia vibratória em 10 indivíduos com DP, com avaliação e reavaliação por análise eletromiográfica da contração isométrica voluntária (CIV). Resultados: A terapia vibratória não mostrou resultados significativos na ativação da musculatura postural na DP, pela avaliação por EMG, sendo na comparação pré e pós-tratamento TAD (p = 0,655), TAE (p = 0,655), LLD (p = 0,848) e LLE (p = 0,565). Conclusão: Não houve resultados significativos na EMG após intervenção com terapia vibratória em indivíduos com DP, o que pode ser devido principalmente ao tamanho amostral. Sugere-se a realização de novos estudos com maior tamanho amostral para comprovar a eficiência da terapia vibratória nesta população.

Parkinson Disease (PD) is a degenerative and progressive disease of the central nervous system, characterized by motor symptoms, musculoskeletal and postural disturbance, which may be influenced by an abnormal sensory organization process. Electromyography (EMG) is an important non-invasive assessment tool for postural muscle recruitment analysis. Vibratory therapy appears as promising option to somatosensory stimulation in this population. Objective: To evaluate the effects of vibratory therapy on the recruitment of postural muscles in patients with PD. Methods: Longissimus lumborum (LL) and the upper trapezius (UT) muscles were analyzed by EMG. A protocol of 8 weeks (24 attendances) of vibratory therapy was applied in 10 individuals with PD, with evaluation and revaluation performed by EMG analysis of voluntary isometric contraction (VIC). Results: Vibratory therapy did not show significant results in the activation of the postural muscles in the PD, by the EMG evaluation, being the TAD (p = 0.655), APR (p = 0.655), LLD (p = 0.848) and LLE (p = 0.565). Conclusion: We did not observe significant results in the EMG after intervention with vibratory therapy in individuals with PD, which may be mainly due to the sample size. It is suggested to carry out new studies with a larger sample size to prove the efficiency of the vibratory therapy in this population.

Laserpuntura na neuropatia periférica: efeitos na dor e qualidade de vida / Laserpuncture in peripheral neuropathy: effects on pain and quality of life

Introdução: A laserpuntura é utilizada para analgesia, embora os protocolos para aplicação na dor neuropática permaneçam contraditórios. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da laserpuntura na modulação da dor neuropática, impacto na qualidade de vida e processo inflamatório local. Material e métodos: Cinco pacientes com diagnóstico de lesão nervosa periférica e dor neuropática associada receberam aplicação do laser AlGaInP, 658 nm, 10 mW, 9 J/cm2, em acupontos especí­ficos, durante 15 sessões, 3 vezes na semana, por 50 minutos. A avaliação pré e pós-intervenção foi realizada pela Escala Visual Analógica, questionário para dor (McGill), questionário de qualidade de vida (SF-36), Índice de incapacidade de Oswestry e termografia. Resultados: Foi observada redução da média da pontuação na Escala Visual Analógica em 3 de 5 pacientes e redução da média de dor após 15 sessões. A avaliação pelo McGill mostrou redução nas dimensões afetivo, avaliativo e total. No questionário SF-36 foi observada melhora das dimensões Capacidade Funcional e Limitação por Aspectos Emocionais. No Índice de Oswestry observou-se redução da média da porcentagem e na termografia não houve diferença nos valores pré e pós-intervenção. Conclusão: Estes resultados sugerem eficácia da laserpuntura na redução da dor e melhora da qualidade de vida em pacientes com dor neuropática decorrente de lesão nervosa periférica. (AU)

Introduction: Laserpuncture is used for analgesia, although the protocols for use in neuropathic pain remain contradictory. Objective: To evaluate the effect of laserpuncture in modulating neuropathic pain, impact on quality of life and local inflammatory process. Methods: Five patients with peripheral nerve injury and neuropathic pain associated application received AlGaInP laser, 658 nm, 10 mW, 9 J/cm2 at specific acupoints for 15 sessions, 3 times a week for 50 minutes. The pre- and post-intervention were performed by Visual Analogue Scale, questionnaire for pain (McGill), quality of life questionnaire (SF-36), Oswestry disability index and thermography. Results: A significant reduction in Visual Analogue Scale score average was observed in 3 of 5 patients in addition to an overall reduction of average pain after 15 sessions. The evaluation by McGill showed reduction in affective, evaluative and overall dimensions. In the SF-36 questionnaire was observed an increase of the dimensions Functional Capacity and Emotional Aspects. In Oswestry Index a reduction was observed in the average percentage and in the thermography no difference was noticed in pre and post-intervention. Conclusion: These results suggest effectiveness of laser acupuncture in reducing pain and improving quality of life in patients with neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. (AU)

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de idosos dependentes no municí­pio de Vitória da Conquista/BA / Evaluation of quality of life of dependent elderly at Vitória da Conquista/BA

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos dependentes do municí­pio de Vitória da Conquista/BA. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo analí­tico transversal com abordagem quantitativa de tratamento e análise. O estudo foi realizado nos domicí­lios dos (as) idosos (as) assistidos pelo Programa de Atendimento Municipal Domiciliar ao Idoso com Limitação (PAMDIL), desenvolvido pela Prefeitura Municipal de Vitória da Conquista/BA, sendo a amostra representada por 25 idosos. O instrumento de coleta foi constituí­do de dados sociodemográficos, condições de saúde e Whoqol-bref. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatí­stica descritiva. Resultados: Constatou-se uma maior frequência do sexo feminino 76,0%, acima de 80 anos (56,0%), sem companheiro (a) (72,0%), alfabetizado (a) (76,0%), do lar (28,0%), aposentado (a) (24,0%), renda de até dois salários mí­nimos (100,0) e aposentados (80,0%). A maioria (92,0%) apresentou algum tipo de problema de saúde. Na avaliação da qualidade de vida constatou-se que os domí­nios de menores médias foram os domí­nios fí­sico (62,07 ± 14,74 pontos) e psicológico (63,08 ± 16,70 pontos). Conclusão: Constatou-se na avaliação da qualidade de vida que os idosos obtiveram menores médias nos domí­nios fí­sico e psicológico. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of dependent elderly at Vitória da Conquista/BA. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study with a quantitative approach for treatment and analysis. The study was carried out in the homes of the elderly assisted by the Municipal Home Care Program for the Elderly with Limitation (PAMDIL), developed by the city of Vitória da Conquista/BA, the sample being represented by 25 elderly people. The collection instrument consisted of socio-demographic data, health conditions and Whoqol-bref. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There was a higher frequency of female, 76.0%, older than 80 years old (56.0%), without a partner (72.0%), a literate (76.0%), of the household (28.0%), retired (24.0%), income of up to two minimum wages (100%) and retirees (80.0%). The majority (92.0%) presented some type of health problem. In the evaluation of quality of life we found that the domains of lower averages were the physical (62.07 ± 14.74 points) and psychological domains (63.08 ± 16.70 points). Conclusion: In the evaluation of the quality of life the elderly obtained smaller averages in the physical and psychological domains. (AU)

Avaliação da qualidade de vida e equilíbrio em idosos submetidos à cirurgia de artroplastia de joelho / Evaluation of quality of life and balance in elderly submitted to the knee arthroplasty surgery

A artroplastia de joelho é uma das alternativas encontradas a fim de diminuir o quadro álgico em paciente com disfunção na cartilagem do joelho, entretanto traz consigo diversas repercussões que podem influenciar na vida do indivíduo. Este estudo objetiva avaliar a qualidade de vida e equilíbrio em idosos submetidos à cirurgia de artroplastia de joelho. Pesquisa transversal, descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 31 idosos atendidos em duas clínicas de Fisioterapia do município de Vitória da Conquista/BA. O instrumento de pesquisa foi constituído de dados sociodemográfico, Mini Exame de Estado Mental, o questionário SF36 para qualidade de vida e Timed Up & Go para avaliação do equilíbrio. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferêncial. Foi possível observar que 61,3% das cirurgias foram realizadas no joelho direito. Também se identificou que os domínios emocional, físico e dor e social foram os mais afetados na qualidade de vida. Em relação ao equilíbrio, a média de pontos através da escala de Berg foi de 54,33 pontos, e na avaliação pelo Timed Up & Go a maioria dos indivíduos (87,1%) apresentaram risco médio para quedas. Conclui-se que a artroplastia de joelho traz limitações na qualidade de vida e no equilíbrio de idosos submetidos a esse tratamento.

Knee arthroplasty is one of the alternatives found in order to reduce the pain in a patient with knee cartilage dysfunction, however, several repercussions can influence the life of the individual. This study aims to evaluate the quality of life and balance in the elderly submitted to knee arthroplasty surgery. Transversal, descriptive research with a quantitative approach, performed with 31 elderly patients attended at two Physical therapy clinics in the city of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. The research instrument consisted of socio-demographic data, Mini Mental State Examination, SF36 questionnaire for quality of life and Timed Up & Go to evaluate the balance. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. It was possible to observe that 61.3% of the surgeries were performed in the right knee. It was also identified that the emotional, physical, pain e social domains were the most affected in the quality of life. In relation to the balance, the average of points through the Berg scale was 54.33 points and in the Timed up & go evaluation the majority of the individuals (87.1%) presented an average risk for falls. It is concluded that knee arthroplasty brings limitations on the quality of life and on the balance of the elderly submitted to this treatment.

Determination of siloxanes in water samples employing graphene oxide/Fe3 O4 nanocomposite as sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction prior to GC-MS.

A new, fast, simple, and environmentally friendly analytical method has been developed to determine six siloxanes in water samples: octamethyltrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylpentasiloxane and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane. The analytical method consists of magnetic solid-phase extraction employing graphene oxide/Fe3 O4 as sorbent for the separation and preconcentration of siloxanes prior to GC-MS determination. The extraction procedure was optimized by means of a Plackett-Burman design. Under the optimized extraction conditions (graphene oxide/Fe3 O4 , 20 mg; extraction time, 10 min; eluent volume, 0.5 mL ACN; elution time, 2.5 min; sample volume, 20 mL), the method rendered repeatability levels with a relative standard deviation between 9 and 20% (n = 6, 10 µg/L). Methodological limits of detection ranged from 0.003 to 0.1 µg/L. The linearity of the method was studied between the methodological limit of quantification and 100 µg/L, obtaining correlation coefficient values between 0.990 and 0.999. The applicability of the method was assessed by analyzing drinking, river and wastewater samples. Relative recovery values ranged between 70 and 120% (1 and 60 µg/L spiking level) showing that the matrix had a negligible effect on extraction. Finally, the greenness of this method was confirmed by the semiquantitative Eco-Scale metrics.

Benefí­cios da atividade fí­sica em idosos do projeto de extensão Vida Ativa/UNATI / Benefits of physical activity in the elderly of the extension project Active Life/UNATI

Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos da atividade física na força muscular respiratória, função motora, sintomas depressivos, qualidade de vida e imagem corporal em idosos do projeto de extensão Vida Ativa/UNATI. Métodos: Sete indivíduos, ambos os sexos, com idade média de 68,14 ± 4,38 foram submetidos a avaliações e reavaliações de força muscular respiratória (PiMáx e PeMáx), função motora (FPP-D/E, TUG, SPPB, EEB), sintomas depressivos (GDS-15), qualidade de vida (SF-36) e imagem corporal (IPCg) após 10 intervenções com atividades físicas, duas vezes na semana, por uma hora. Resultados: Houve aumento significativo em SPPB (p = 0,01); aumento não significativo da média dos valores de PiMáx (p = 0,07) e diminuição de PeMáx (p = 0,65); manutenção em FPP-D/E (p = 1); diminuição em TUG (p = 0,48); aumento EEB (p = 0,08); diminuição em GDS-15 (p = 0,36); em SF-36, obteve-se aumento em alguns domínios, como Capacidade Funcional (p = 0,79), Estado Geral de Saúde (p = 0,20), Vitalidade (p = 0,25) e Saúde Mental (p = 0,36), manutenção em Aspectos Emocionais (p = -), e diminuição em Aspectos Físicos (p = 0,66), Dor (p = 0,28) e Aspectos Sociais (p = 0,14); aumento em IPCg (p = 0,61). Conclusão: Foi observada manutenção ou melhora de quase todos os aspectos analisados. (AU)

Aim: To verify the effects of physical activity on respiratory muscle strength, motor function, depression symptoms, quality of life and body image in the aging process in elderly participants of Active Life/UNATI extension project. Methods: Seven individuals of both sexes, mean age 68.14 ± 4.38 years, were included in the study. Initially, evaluations were performed and then reassessments of respiratory muscle strength (Pimax and Pemax), motor function (FPP-D/E, TUG, SPPB, BSE), depressive symptoms (GDS-15), quality of life and body image (IPCg) were performed after 10 interventions with physical activities, twice a week, lasting one hour. Results: We observed a significant increase in SPPB (p=0.01); non-significant increase of mean values of Pimax (p = 0.07) and decrease of Pemax (p = 0.65); maintenance in FPP-D/E (p = 1); decrease in TUG (p = 0.48); increase in EEB (p = 0.08); decrease in GDS-15 (p = 0.36); in SF36, an increase was obtained in some areas, such as Functional Capacity (p = 0.79), General Health Status (p = 0.20), Vitality (p = 0.25) and Mental Health (p = 0.36), maintenance in Emotional Aspects (p= -), and decrease in Physical Aspects (0.66), Pain (p = 0.28) and Social Aspects (p = 0.14); increase in IPCg (p = 0.61). Conclusion: The proposed protocol of physical activity promoted maintenance or improvement of almost all aspects analyzed. (AU)

Effect of the Auricular Acupoint Associated with Physical Exercise in Elderly People: A Randomized Clinical Test.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of auricular acupoint associated with physical exercise on balance, mobility, and fear of falling in the elderly. METHOD: The study is characterized as a clinical, controlled, and randomized trial with 22 elderly people divided into two groups: kinesiotherapy group (n = 11) and kinesiotherapy/auriculotherapy group (n = 11). The instruments used for evaluation were Falls Efficacy Scale International; Berg Balance Scale, and Timed up and Go Test. The intervention was performed with frequency 2×/week for 8 weeks. In the kinesiotherapy/auriculotherapy group, in addition to kinesiotherapy, auriculotherapy was applied in specific acupoints. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the data, and for comparison, analysis of variance was used for repeated measures of two factors. RESULTS: There was a significant intragroup reduction for the Timed up and Go Test (p = 0.00) and Falls Efficacy Scale International (p = 0.00), and significant intragroup Berg Balance Scale (p = 0.00) for both groups. CONCLUSION: The auricular acupoint did not influence the balance, mobility, and fear of falling in the elderly studied.

Persona mayor con limitaciones funcionales diarias / Elderly person with daily functional limitations

Introducción: el creciente proceso de envejecimiento de la población tiende a provocar cambios sociales, económicos y de salud y la creación de nuevas demandas en el sector público, debido a las limitaciones funcionales impuestas por el envejecimiento. Sin embargo, aunque la mayoría de las personas mayores es un portador de al menos una enfermedad crónica, no todos están limitados por ella, llevando una vida normal con sus enfermedades cuando se controla. Objetivo: comprender la vida cotidiana de las personas mayores con limitaciones funcionales. Métodos: cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, guiado por el método de la historia oral, realizado con 15 personas de edad matriculados en una Unidad Familiar Estrategia de Salud en Bahía (Brasil noreste). Como la recolección de datos técnica se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas y sometidas a análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: las personas mayores con limitaciones funcionales desarrollaban sus actividades diarias, relacionadas con el cuidado de la casa, esposo, hijos y nietos, sociales y de ocio. Las actividades realizadas por los hombres se relacionan con el espacio exterior de la casa y las tareas que requieren fuerza física, mientras que las mujeres desarrollan el papel de los cuidadores de la casa y la familia. Conclusión: las limitaciones funcionales hacen que sea difícil llevar a cabo las actividades cotidianas, así como mantener una vida social activa, pero no excluye el anciano realizarlas(AU)

Introduction: The growing process of population aging tends to cause social, economic and health changes, creating new demands on the public sector, because of the functional limitations imposed by aging. However, although most of the elderly is a carrier of at least one chronic disease, not all are limited by it, leading a normal life with their infirmities, when controlled. Objective: To understand the daily life of the elderly with functional limitations. Method: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, guided by the method of oral history, conducted with 15 elderly people enrolled in a Health Strategy Unit Family in Bahia (northeastern Brazil). As data collection technique was used a semi-structured interview. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and subjected to content analysis of Bardin. Results: Unveiled that older people with functional limitations develop in their daily activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, which are related to the care of the home, social and leisure activities, and the activities performed by men bind If the external space of the house and the tasks that require physical strength, while women develop the role of caretakers of the home and family, caring for husband, children and grandchildren. Conclusion: The functional limitations make it difficult to carry out everyday activities as well as maintaining an active social life, but does not preclude the elder perform them(AU)

Perda cognitiva e dependência funcional em idosos longevos residentes em instituições de longa permanência* / Cognitive loss and functional dependence in long-lived elderly in homes for the aged / Pérdida cognitiva y dependencia funcional en ancianos longevos residentes en hogares para ancianos

O objetivo foi avaliar o grau de dependência funcional quanto às Atividades Básicas da Vida Diária e a perda cognitiva de idosos longevos residentes em duas instituições de longa permanência para idosos do interior do Estado da Bahia. Pesquisa do tipo quantitativa, transversal, realizada no ano de 2016, com 20 idosos longevos. Avaliada a cognição do entrevistado, por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental, a dependência funcional quanto às Atividades Básicas da Vida Diária por meio do Índice de Barthel e da Escala de Katz, e o perfil sociodemográfico. Os resultados apontaram a prevalência da faixa etária entre 80 a 85 anos (90,0%). O sexo feminino apresentou maior porcentagem de perda cognitiva (28,5%) seguido dos não alfabetizados, homens e mulheres, (37,3%). O estudo subsidia a discussão a partir do impacto que a perda cognitiva e a dependência funcional trazem para a saúde do idoso longevo (AU).

The objective was to assess the degree of functional dependence for the Basic Activities of Daily Living and the cognitive loss of long-lived elderly at two long-term care institutions for the elderly in the State of Bahia. Quantitative, cross-sectional research developed in 2016, involving 20 long-lived elderly. The interviewee's cognition was assessed by means of the Mini-Mental State Examination, the functional dependence for the Basic Activities of Daily Living by means of the Barthel Index and the Katz Scale, and the sociodemographic profile. The results appointed the prevalence of the age range between80 and 85 years (90.0%). The female sex presented a higher percentage of cognitive loss (28.5%), followed by illiterate men and women, (37.3%). The study supports the discussion based on the impact of the cognitive loss and the functional dependence for the health of the long-lived elderly (AU).

La finalidad fue evaluar el grado de dependencia funcional para las Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria y la pérdida cognitiva de ancianos longevos residentes en dos hogares para ancianos del interior del Estado de Bahia. Investigación cuantitativa, trasversal, desarrollada en 2016 con 20 ancianos longevos. Fue evaluada la cognición del entrevistado mediante el Mini Examen del Estado Mental, la dependencia funcional para las Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria mediante el Índice de Barthel y la Escala de Katz, y el perfil sociodemográfico. Los resultados apuntaron la prevalencia del rango de edad entre 80 a 85 años (90,0%). El sexo femenino presentó mayor porcentaje de pérdida cognitiva (28,5%), seguido de los no alfabetizados, hombres y mujeres, (37,3%). El estudio subsidia la discusión a partir del impacto de la pérdida cognitiva y la dependencia funcional para la salud del anciano longevo (AU).

Graphene oxide/Fe3O4 as sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography to determine 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in water samples.

A fast, simple, economical, and environmentally friendly magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) procedure has been developed to preconcentrate 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from water samples prior to determination by liquid chromatography-UV-Vis employing graphene oxide/Fe3O4 nanocomposite as sorbent. The nanocomposite synthesis was investigated, and the MSPE was optimized by a multivariate approach. The optimum MSPE conditions were 40 mg of nanocomposite, 10 min of vortex extraction, 1 mL of acetonitrile as eluent, and 6 min of desorption in an ultrasonic bath. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method was evaluated to obtain a preconcentration factor of 153. The linearity of the method was studied from 1 to 100 µg L-1 (N = 5), obtaining a correlation coefficient of 0.994. The relative standard deviation and limit of detection were found to be 12% (n = 6, 10 µg L-1) and 0.3 µg L-1, respectively. The applicability of the method was investigated, analyzing three types of water samples (i.e., reservoir and drinking water and effluent wastewater) and recovery values ranged between 87 and 120% (50 µg L-1 spiking level), showing that the matrix had a negligible effect upon extraction. Finally, the semiquantitative Eco-Scale metrics confirmed the greenness of the developed method.

Comparison between two physiotherapy protocols for patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis.

[Purpose] To compare the effects of two physiotherapy protocols for chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis. [Subjects and Methods] This is a prospective, randomized study, in chronic kidney disease patients 18 years of age or older on dialysis. Sessions for each group (were conducted three times per week for a total of 10 sessions), during hemodialysis. Respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure), peak expiratory flow, and peripheral muscle strength were evaluated. The study group received motor and respiratory physiotherapy, and the control group received motor physiotherapy alone. [Results] We observed a significant increase in the maximal inspiratory pressure in the study group in the 5th and 10th sessions and in the maximal expiratory pressure in the 1st session, peak flow in the 1st and 10th sessions, and dynamometry in the 10th session. In the control group, there was a significant decrease in maximal inspiratory pressure in the 5th and 10th sessions, and in maximal expiratory pressure in the 10th session, peak flow in the 5th and 10th sessions, and dynamometry in the 5th session. [Conclusion] Implementation of motor physiotherapy combined with respiratory physiotherapy may have contributed to the improvement of the variables analyzed in the study group.