[Acute pain in myocardial infarction: analysis of concept]. / Dor aguda no infarto agudo do miocárdio: análise do conceito.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the concept "sharp pain" in the context of acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Conceptual analysis method proposed by Walker and Avant. This makes it possible to clarify the concept of attributes. We conducted an integrative review to assist the search of studies published in 2006 and 2012, using the descriptors 'Acute Pain' and 'myocardial infarction', through consultation to Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus and Public/Publish Medline (PubMed) data. RESULTS: A sample of 29 studies was selected in which the background identified was: reduction of myocardial perfusion and/or death of myocardial tissue; attributes: quality, location, time, duration and irradiation; and consequent: report of pain, dyspnea, high heart rate, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, high respiratory rate, sleep disturbance, diaphoresis, fatigue, paleness, weakness, anxiety and fear. CONCLUSION: The findings have clarified the attributes of the concept sharp pain in myocardial infarction.

Adesão ao tratamento de crianças soropositivas ao HIV: uma análise conceituai / Adherence to the Treatment of Children Living with HIV: A Conceptual Analysis / Adherencia al tratamiento de niños que viven con el VIH: un análisis conceptual

Objetivo: Objetivou-se analisar o conceito de adesão ao tratamento de crianças soropositivas ao HIV, expresso pela literatura da área de saúde, identificando seus atributos essenciais, antecedentes e consequentes. Método: Seguiu-se o Método Evolucionário de análise de conceito, proposto por Rodgers, para avaliar 17 artigos que focalizaram a temática do estudo. Resultados: Como atributos essenciais identificados que caracterizam o conceito constaram: seguimento da prescrição médica pelo binômio criança-família, disponibilidade de formulações pediátricas, acompanhamento clínico-laboratorial regular, adequação de hábitos e compartilhamento de decisões entre cuidador e criança. Conclusões: A partir dos elementos identificados, elaborou-se uma definição consensual, na qual adesão ao tratamento de crianças soropositivas é compreendida como um processo colaborativo, que vai além da ingestão de medicamentos, considerando-se o dinamismo, aspectos familiares, o cotidiano das crianças, os determinantes sociais, econômicos e estruturais que integram o fenômeno em estudo. Os achados permitem uma compreensão mais abrangente do conceito e fornecem subsídios para a prestação de uma assistência integral, direcionada ao controle da doença e a uma melhor qualidade de vida. Sugere-se a formação de grupos multiprofissionais dedicados a realização de trabalhos educativos sobre as dificuldades na adesão, promovendo um espaço para trocas de experiências e para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento.

Objective: The objective was to analyze the concept of adherence to treatment of children living with HIV, expressed in the health literature, identifying its essential attributes, antecedents and consequences. Method: The Evolutionary Method of concept analysis proposed by Rodgers was followed to evaluate 17 articles that focused on the study theme. Results: As essential attributes identified by characterizing the concept are included: Following the prescription by the child-family binomial, availability of pediatric formulations, regular clinical and laboratory follow-up, habits adequacy and shared decision making between caregiver and child. Conclusions: Based on the identified elements, a consensual definition was elaborated, in which the treatment compliance by positive-HIV children is understood as a collaborative process, which goes beyond taking medications, considering the dynamism, family aspects, the daily lives of children, the social, economic and structural determinant that integrate the phenomenon under study. The findings allow a more comprehensive understanding of the concept and provide subsidies for the provision of comprehensive care, targeted to disease control and improved life quality. It is suggested the formation of multidisciplinary groups dedicated to conducting educational works about the difficulties in compliance, promoting a space for exchange of experiences and development of coping strategies.

Objetivo: Analizar el concepto de la adherencia al tratamiento de los niños que viven con el VIH, expresado en la literatura de la salud, haciendo la identificación de sus atributos esenciales, antecedentes y consecuencias. Método: método evolutivo de análisis de concepto propuesto por Rodgers para evaluar los 17 artículos que se centraron en el tema del estudio. Resultados: identificado como atributos esenciales que caracterizan el concepto. A raíz de la prescripción por el binomio niño-familia, la disponibilidad de formulaciones pediátricas, acompañamiento clínico y de laboratorio regulares, adecuación de los hábitos y toma de decisiones compartida entre el cuidador y el niño. Conclusiones: con base en los elementos identificados, se elaboró una definición consensuada en que se entiende la adherencia al tratamiento de los niños VIH positivos como un proceso de colaboración que va más allá de tomar los medicamentos, teniendo en cuenta el dinamismo, los aspectos de la familia, la vida cotidiana de los niños, la parte social, económica y estructural del fenómeno en estudio. Los hallazgos permiten una comprensión más amplia del concepto y ofrecer subsidios para la prestación de la atención integral dirigida a controlar la enfermedad y mejorar la calidad de vida. Se sugiere la formación de grupos multidisciplinarios dedicados a la realización de trabajos educativos sobre las dificultades en el cumplimiento, la promoción de un espacio de intercambio de experiencias y el desarrollo de estrategias de afrontamiento.

Tissue alterations in the pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, infected by Goezia spinulosa (Nematoda).

Five specimens of Arapaima gigas caught in the Araguaia River (State of Mato Grosso, Brazil) were investigated for helminths in 2004. Numerous adult specimens of the rhapidascarid nematode Goezia spinulosa were found in stomach ulcers in all the specimens of A. gigas and were surrounded by thickening of the mucosa. The gastric glands of all the fish were necrotic and there was a severe and diffuse inflammatory reaction composed of eosinophils (which were predominant), lymphocytes and rare macrophages in the mucosa, submucosa and muscle layer. This is the first report of tissue lesion occurrences in this host, in the presence of G. spinulosa, and it confirms the high pathogenicity of this parasite species.

Knowledge about AIDS and drugs among undergraduate students in a higher education institution in the state of Paraná.

The main objective of this study was to measure the knowledge of undergraduate nursing students about Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and drugs. The study was carried out in 2007 with a random sample of 289 undergraduate students at a State University in the Northwest of Paraná, Brazil. The students self-applied a questionnaire validated by experts. Questions were divided into three levels of complexity: low, average and high. The level of correct answers was higher in the questions of low complexity, diminishing as the questions' complexity increased. Thirteen percent of questions concerning risk factors and vulnerability to HIV infection among injection drug users (IDU) and biological material for diagnosis of AIDS was correctly answered by 90% of students. Students possessed knowledge concerning AIDS and drugs, however such knowledge was considered insufficient, showing lack of information and gaps in education with a dissociation of interdisciplinary and inter-curricular content.

Switch-peptides: design and characterization of controllable super-amyloid-forming host-guest peptides as tools for identifying anti-amyloid agents.

Several amyloid-forming proteins are characterized by the presence of hydrophobic and highly amyloidogenic core sequences that play critical roles in the initiation and progression of amyloid fibril formation. Therefore targeting these sequences represents a viable strategy for identifying candidate molecules that could interfere with amyloid formation and toxicity of the parent proteins. However, the highly amyloidogenic and insoluble nature of these sequences has hampered efforts to develop high-throughput fibrillization assays. Here we describe the design and characterization of host-guest switch peptides that can be used for in vitro mechanistic and screening studies that are aimed at discovering aggregation inhibitors that target highly amyloidogenic sequences. These model systems are based on a host-guest system where the amyloidogenic sequence (guest peptide) is flanked by two beta-sheet-promoting (Leu-Ser)(n) oligomers as host sequences. Two host-guest peptides were prepared by using the hydrophobic core of Abeta comprising residues 14-24 (HQKLVFFAEDV) as the guest peptide with switch elements inserted within (peptide 1) or at the N and C termini of the guest peptide (peptide 2). Both model peptides can be triggered to undergo rapid self-assembly and amyloid formation in a highly controllable manner and their fibrillization kinetics is tuneable by manipulating solution conditions (for example, peptide concentration and pH). The fibrillization of both peptides reproduces many features of the full-length Abeta peptides and can be inhibited by known inhibitors of Abeta fibril formation. Our results suggest that this approach can be extended to other amyloid proteins and should facilitate the discovery of small-molecule aggregation inhibitors and the development of more efficacious anti-amyloid agents to treat and/or reverse the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and systemic amyloid diseases.

[Helminth parasites of pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae) from Araguaia River, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil]. / Helmintos parasitos do pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), no rio Araguaia, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil.

Sixty-five specimens of pirarucu collected in August 2004 from Araguaia River, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, were examined to study their helminth parasites. Five species were recorded parasitic Arapaima gigas: Dawestrema cycloancistrium (Monogenea) in gills, Nilonema senticosum and Goezia spinulosa (Nematoda) in the swimbladder and stomach, respectively; Caballerotrema brasiliense (Digenea) and Polyacanthorhynchus rhopalorhynchus (Acanthocephala) in the intestine. Highest prevalence values were detected for D. cycloancistrium (100%) and P. rhopalorhynchus (96.9%). Highest values of mean intensity and mean abundance were detected for C. brasiliense and N. senticosum (61 and 46.9, respectively). All these species are recorded by the first time in the Araguaia River basin.

Switch-peptides: controlling self-assembly of amyloid beta-derived peptides in vitro by consecutive triggering of acyl migrations.

The sequential triggering (Soff --> Son) of O, N-acyl migrations (AcM) by chemical and enzymatic methods (Ti) in peptides containing structure-disrupting switch-elements, S (switch-peptides), offers a novel tool for studying in statu nascendi the onset and inhibition of polypeptide folding and self-assembly as a key process in degenerative diseases.

[Nursing actions identified in the CIPESC Project and used in the care of patients with AIDS]. / Ações de enfermagem identificadas no Projeto CIPESC e utilizadas no cuidado de pacientes com AIDS.

This study of exploratory-description type, developed in a quantitative approach with the objectives to identify, in the results of the Project of International Classification on the Nursing Practice in Community Health ("CIPESC" in Portuguese), which could be used by nurses in the care of AIDS carriers, and for confirming this use in the professional nursing practice. Of the 2,754 identified nursing actions in CIPESC Project, 157 were designated as being possible for using with AIDS carriers. The results of the study pointed to the usage of all of the 157 actions by the nurses. Those actions are, in the majority, in the concepts: assisting (86), informing (25), managing (19), observing (17) and performing (10).