ABSTRACT
This study was performed to investigate the reactivity of melatonin towards various chemical reagents to produce new derivatives of melatonin containing extra- or fused heterocyclic systems such as the imidazoindole derivatives 3, 5, 6, the triazinoindole derivatives 8a, b, the thiadiazoloindole derivative 12, the pyridinoindole derivative 16 and the aminopyrazolomelatonin derivatives 21a, b and 22a, b. The structures of the compounds were established based on the analytical and spectral data. Agonist and antagonist potency of some melatonin derivatives in clonal Xenopus laevis melanophore cells was studied in comparison with melatonin.
Subject(s)
Melatonin/analogs & derivatives , Melatonin/chemistry , Pigments, Biological/chemistry , Animals , Cell Line , Indicators and Reagents , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Melanophores/drug effects , Melanophores/metabolism , Xenopus laevisABSTRACT
The reaction of either Digitoxin or Digoxin with cyanoacetic acid hydrazide gave the hydrazone derivatives 3a and 3b respectively. The reactivity of the latter products towards chemical reagents was studied to give heterocyclic derivatives with potential biological activities.
Subject(s)
Digitoxin/chemistry , Digoxin/chemistry , Hydrazines/chemistry , Coumarins/chemical synthesis , Indicators and Reagents , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Pyridines/chemical synthesis , Thiazoles/chemical synthesis , Thiophenes/chemical synthesisABSTRACT
The reaction of epi-androsterone with cyanoacetyl hydrazine (2) gave the hydrazone derivative 3. The reactivity of 3 towards chemical reagents was studied to give pyridine, thiazole and thiophene derivatives.
Subject(s)
Androsterone/analogs & derivatives , Androsterone/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Pyridines/chemical synthesis , Thiazoles/chemical synthesis , Thiophenes/chemical synthesis , Androsterone/pharmacology , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Pyridines/pharmacology , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
The anatomy of the pudendal canal (PC) was studied in 26 cadavers: 10 stillborn and 16 adults (mean age, 48.2 years). Two approaches were used to expose the PC: gluteal and perineal. The PC was an obliquely lying tube with a mean length of 0.8 cm in the stillborn and 1.6 cm in the adult cadavers. It started at a mean distance of 0.8 cm from the ischial spine in the stillborn and of 1.6 cm in the adult cadavers, and ended at a mean distance of 0.7 cm and 2.6 cm, respectively, from the lower border of the symphysis pubis. The PC wall was formed by the splitting of the obturator fascia and not by the lunate fascia. The PC contained the pudendal nerve and vessels embedded in loose areolar tissue. The three branches of the neurovascular bundle arose inside the canal in all but three cadavers. The wall of the PC consisted of collagen and elastic fibers, whereas that of the obturator fascia consisted of collagen only. The PC seems to be structurally adapted to serve certain functions. The criss-cross textile arrangement of collagen fibers in its wall allows the canal to change its shape in response to changes in pudendal vessels that occur during sexual activity. The elastic recoil may not only help to "pump" the blood up the pudendal vein, but also to prevent PC subluxation. The PC may, furthermore, act as a "pulley" for the neurovascular bundle. The pulley action may be disrupted by disordered pelvic floor muscles or defecation. Knowledge of the precise anatomy of the PC is necessary to carry out PC decompression in the treatment of PC syndrome.
Subject(s)
Pelvis/anatomy & histology , Pelvis/embryology , Adult , Cadaver , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pelvis/surgeryABSTRACT
A correlation between testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exists in seminal plasma. These androgens play a role in sperm maturation. The T/DHT ratio is different from one person to the other, due to the heterogenicity of seminal plasma which stems for the most part from the male accessory sex glands, the prostate and seminal vesicles, and also from the 'epididymo-testicular unit'. This ratio is useful in identifying the person's semen. Consequently, the steroid values from assailant semen or accused persons and semen on the victim's clothes are of cardinal importance in matching. The results reported include data on the validation of this technique as a tool for semen identification. Coital and masturbated semen were correlated, and consecutive coital semen were also analysed. It may be concluded that the T/DHT value is specific for each person.
Subject(s)
Dihydrotestosterone/analysis , Forensic Medicine/methods , Semen/chemistry , Testosterone/analysis , Coitus/physiology , Humans , Infertility/physiopathology , Male , Masturbation/physiopathology , Oligospermia/physiopathology , Reproducibility of Results , Varicocele/physiopathologySubject(s)
Fluorometry/methods , Semen/chemistry , Egypt , Fluorometry/instrumentation , Humans , Male , RapeSubject(s)
Ascariasis/metabolism , Zinc/metabolism , Adult , Ascariasis/drug therapy , Humans , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Zinc/blood , Zinc/urineABSTRACT
This study was carried out on 55 diabetic patients, 20 of whom had diabetic nephropathy, and 10 controls. Glycosylated haemoglobin, glycosylated serum protein, glucoprotein, serum protein electrophoresis, blood urea, serum creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin were measured. A significant increase of glucoprotein was observed in patients with diabetic nephropathy. No correlation was found between glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated haemoglobin and duration of diabetes. Glycosylated serum protein showed a positive correlation with beta 2-microglobulin, indicating a link between renal involvement and the rise in glycosylated serum protein. Whether there is a pathogenic relation between glycosylated serum protein and the development of nephropathy awaits further evidence.
