[Mucoadhesive oral tablets--a modern dosage form with controlled drug release]. / Mukoadhezivní orální tablety--moderní léková forma s rízeným uvolnováním léciva.

The review paper summarizes the principal pharmaceutical and medical information about the hitherto achieved results in the development of bioadhesive dosage form concentrating on mucoadhesive oral tablets. The site of administration of the tablets is the facial pocket. Due to specific properties of the mucous layer on the buccal mucosa and mucoadhesive polymers from which the tablets are manufactured, tablets adhere to the mucosa. The adhesion may take a certain period of time and during the whole period the active ingredient is gradually released. Absorption of the drug through the mucous membrane of the oral cavity has a number of advantages, in particular with respect to the stability of the drug. Various types of mucoadhesive tablets are being developed. The system releasing the drug only in one direction, i.e. direct to the mucosa, seems to be very advantageous. In the evaluation of mucoadhesive tablets, two parameters are of particular importance, the bioadhesive force and the rate of drug release. Oral mucoadhesive tablets can be employed in the treatment of both systemic and local diseases.

The effect of soil fertilization on the formation and the amount of cannabinoid substances in Cannabis sativa L. in the course of one vegetation period.

The study followed the effect of the soil fertilization on the growth of plants and on the formation and the amount of extractible substances as well that of two main cannbinoid substances (CBD, delta-9-THC) in the Czechoslovak variety of hemp, Rastislavice, cultivated in Czechoslovakia for fibre production in the course of the vegetation period of 1988. In fourteen various vegetation stages of the plant growth, the samples of the plant tops, cultivated on five fields with different soil fertilization, were collected and analyzed in the dried state.

[The effect of subclinical ketosis in dry cows on the composition of the colostrum and on health indicators in newborn calves]. / Vliv subklinické ketózy zaprahlých krav na slození kolostra a na ukazatele zdraví novorozených telat.

Subclinical ketosis of dry cows was studied as to its effect on the composition of colostrum and on the health condition and selected clinico-biochemical parameters in the new-born calves of these cows. The experimental group consisted of eight cows with ketonuria and their calves. The control group consisted of six cows without ketonuria and their new-born calves. Calves of both groups were reared in similar conditions. Colostrum samples were taken from the first milking and then from the milking 24 hours after parturition. The blood of the calves was sampled before the intake of colostrum and 24 hours after birth. The concentration of ketone bodies, particularly beta-hydroxybutyrate, was much higher in the colostrum of both groups of cows than in the blood (62.6 mg total ketone bodies per 1 litre of the first colostrum of the cows of the experimental group). The concentration of ketone bodies slightly increased after parturition. The cows with ketonuria secreted into colostrum a larger amount of oxidated ketone bodies. Colostrum quality was good in both groups. Decreased viability was not recorded during the clinical examination of the calves after birth. The level of total ketone bodies in the blood of pre-colostral calves in the experimental group was 10.4 mg per litre (a much lower concentration than in blood of their dams), and exhibited no appreciable change after taking in the colostrum. The blood of calves born to cows with ketonuria contained significantly higher amounts of oxidated ketone bodies. No correlation was demonstrated between the contents of ketone bodies in the blood of cows, in the blood of calves, and in the colostrum. The calves of the experimental group were found to have a significantly higher AST activity in plasma, as compared with the control group. Twenty-four hours after birth, the quantity of immunoglobulins in the blood serum was significantly lower in the calves of the experimental group. Thanks to good attendance and hygiene, the morbidity did not increase and no losses occurred.