[Diagnostic interest of Barr chromatin test in sex determination: about one case of male pseudohermaphrodism]. / Interet diagnostique du test chromatinien de Barr dans la determination de sexe: a propos d'un cas de pseudo- hermaphrodisme masculin.

INTRODUCTION: The Barr chromatin test is a medical cytogenetic test, very quick to make, consisting in determination of the percentage of Barr corpuscles that correspond to the condensation of the second X chromosome in female epithelial cells of mammal, which range between 20 and 50% the percentage of Barr corpuscles in male epithelial cells range between 2 and less than 5%). In the less developed countries where caryotype isn't realized, this test can give invaluable informations about individual sex. The aim of this study was to show the Barr chromatin test interest in the sexual ambiguity diagnosis orientation in some cases of these sexual ambiguities. PATIENT AND METHODS: To carry this study, we have done a Guard coloration on nude nucleus of epithelial cells taken on the cheeck internal side of our patient, a 19 years old woman that a gynaecologist had sent to us for sexual ambiguity. We have examinated the nude nucleus. RESULTS: None of the nude nucleus had showed a Barr corpuscle (0% of Barr corpuscles, corresponding to male chromatin sex). CONCLUSION: This rate has gived us a Morris syndrome diagnosis orientation; the diagnosis was confirmed later by the surgery and by the removal histological study. When caryotype or molecular biology are not available, the Barr chromatin test can represent a substitute biological test that can contribute to some sexual ambiguity diagnosis.

[Influence of social perceptions and practices on the use of bednets in the malaria control programme in Ivory Coast (West Africa)]. / Representations sociales et pratiques liées à l'utilisation des moustiquaires dans la lutte contre le paludisme en Côte d'Ivoire (Afrique de l'Ouest).

The National Malaria Programme in Ivory Coast has encountered difficulty in winning public acceptance of insecticide-treated bednets. We speculate that resistance to the use of bednets could be rooted in social perceptions, beliefs and practices in the communities. The purpose of this study was to identify sociocultural and environmental factors that could be used to support promotion strategies and acceptance of impregnated bednets in Ivory Coast. Survey findings confirmed that bednets were not in widespread use among the population (25%). The most widely used methods were burning mosquito coils (50%) and indoor spraying (31%). Use of impregnated bednets was low (6%). Most survey respondents (73%) indicated initial appreciation for the effectiveness of bednets in protecting against mosquitoes as a nuisance. However only 9% of respondents thought that impregnated bednets provided protection against malaria although they did not necessarily use them. Design was a determinant factor for the use, and even acceptance, of bednets. The population want rectangular, permanently impregnated bednets large enough to accommodate at least 2 persons. Cost was a major obstacle to wider use by the population. According to our data the best price for the population would be between 2000 and 2500 FCFA as compared to the current price of 3500 FCFA in Ivory Coast.

Representations sociales et pratiques liees a l'utilisation des moustiquaires dans la lutte contre le paludisme en Cote d'Ivoire (Afrique de l'Ouest)

Devant les difficultes que rencontre le Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP) de Cote d'Ivoire; dans sa volonte d'amener les populations a adopter les moustiquaires impregnees d'insecticide; nous nous sommes demandes si les representations sociales; les attitudes et les pratiques des communautes liees a l'utilisation des moustiquaires n'expliquent pas cette contre-performance. Notre etude a eu pour but de documenter les facteurs socioculturels et environnementaux pour renforcer les strategies de promotion et de vulgarisation de la moustiquaire impregnee en Cote d'Ivoire. Les resultats obtenus montrent qu'au niveau des enquetes quantitatives; la moustiquaire en general est faiblement utilisee par les populations (25). Les moyens les plus utilises sont les serpentins fumigenes (50) et les bombes aerosols (31). La moustiquaire impregnee est tres faiblement utilisee (6). La moustiquaire est; de maniere generale; appreciee dans un premier temps pour son efficacite dans la protection contre les nuisances dues aux moustiques par 73des enquetes. Seulement 9de ces enquetes pensent que la moustiquaire impregnee sert a se proteger contre le paludisme; mais ne l'utilisent pas necessairement. L'organisation des unites de couchage; voire leur inadaptation; sont determinantes dans l'utilisation de la moustiquaire. La moustiquaire souhaitee par les populations est celle d'au moins 2 places; de forme rectangulaire; de couleur blanche; faite en tulle a mailles fines; transparente; impregnee d'insecticide et a impregnation definitive. Toutefois; son cout semble etre le handicap majeur a son adoption par les populations; pour qui le cout ideal de la moustiquaire a l'achat; se situe entre 2000 et 2500 FCFA contre les 3 500 Frs actuellement pratiques en Cote d'Ivoire