Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 8 de 8
Filter
Add more filters










Database
Language
Publication year range
1.
Oecologia ; 159(3): 649-59, 2009 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19083015

ABSTRACT

There is an urgent need to understand how climate change will impact on demographic parameters of vulnerable species. Migrants are regarded as particularly vulnerable to climate change; phenological mismatch has resulted in the local decline of one passerine, whilst variations in the survival of others have been related to African weather conditions. However, there have been few demographic studies on trans-Saharan non-passerine migrants, despite these showing stronger declines across Europe than passerines. We therefore analyse the effects of climate on the survival and productivity of common sandpipers Actitis hypoleucos, a declining non-passerine long-distant migrant using 28 years' data from the Peak District, England. Adult survival rates were significantly negatively correlated with winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), being lower when winters were warm and wet in western Europe and cool and dry in northwest Africa. Annual variation in the productivity of the population was positively correlated with June temperature, but not with an index of phenological mismatch. The 59% population decline appears largely to have been driven by reductions in adult survival, with local productivity poorly correlated with subsequent population change, suggesting a low degree of natal philopatry. Winter NAO was not significantly correlated with adult survival rates in a second, Scottish Borders population, studied for 12 years. Variation in climatic conditions alone does not therefore appear to be responsible for common sandpiper declines. Unlike some passerine migrants, there was no evidence for climate-driven reductions in productivity, although the apparent importance of immigration in determining local recruitment complicates the assessment of productivity effects. We suggest that further studies to diagnose common sandpiper declines should focus on changes in the condition of migratory stop-over or wintering locations. Where possible, these analyses should be repeated for other declining migrants.


Subject(s)
Animal Migration , Climate , Passeriformes/physiology , Animals , Models, Theoretical
3.
J Bone Joint Surg Br ; 84(3): 335-8, 2002 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12002488

ABSTRACT

Discrepancy in leg length after total hip replacement has been associated with patient dissatisfaction. We prospectively studied 200 consecutive patients undergoing unilateral Charnley hip replacements to identify whether there is a demonstrable association between such disparity and postoperative function. Radiological measurements between defined points on the pelvis and femur of the operated hip were compared with the same points on the contralateral joint. A lengthening index was derived and statistical analysis used to compare this with validated functional outcome scores (Harris hip score and the SF36 Health Survey) and patient satisfaction. Our results showed no statistical association between leg-length discrepancy after hip arthroplasty and functional outcome or patient satisfaction.


Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Leg Length Inequality/etiology , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects , Attitude to Computers , Femur/diagnostic imaging , Hip Prosthesis , Humans , Patient Satisfaction , Pelvis/diagnostic imaging , Prospective Studies , Radiography
4.
Age Ageing ; 28(5): 458-62, 1999 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10529040

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The reason why elderly human hips tend to break in one of two anatomical regions is uncertain. Nutritional factors may affect the site of fracture. OBJECTIVE: To assess possible nutritional differences in patients with proximal femoral fractures. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: 119 consecutive patients over the age of 65 with a hip fracture admitted to the trauma wards in a single centre. METHODS: One researcher measured triceps, biceps and supra-iliac skinfold thickness, and mid upper arm circumference on admission and on the fifth post-operative day. Body mass index was calculated for each patient, and used to classify patients as severely, moderately or mildly malnourished, normal, overweight or obese. Logistic regression was used to determine the influence of various factors on fracture site. RESULTS: According to their body mass index, 31% of patients were classified as malnourished and 11% as severely malnourished. Patients with intracapsular fractures were significantly more malnourished than patients with trochanteric fractures (P < 0.008). Nutritional status was not related to post-operative complications. Ability to weigh a patient on the fifth post-operative day was the single most important prognostic indicator for complications. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with intracapsular fractures are more malnourished. Those with trochanteric fractures tend to be overweight.


Subject(s)
Hip Fractures/physiopathology , Nutritional Status/physiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Body Mass Index , Female , Humans , Male , Nutrition Disorders , Prospective Studies
5.
Bull Hosp Jt Dis ; 56(2): 113-4, 1997.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9220105

ABSTRACT

Congenital radial head dislocation (CRHD) can occur as an isolated abnormality, as part of an upper-limb anomaly or as a feature of at least fourteen syndromes. The dislocation may be unilateral or bilateral, and rarely can be bilaterally asymmetrical. CRHD is often asymptomatic, and may go undiagnosed and remain undetected until after a radiography has been obtained for an incidental injury. It is therefore important to be able to differentiate congenital from traumatic dislocation of the radial head. We report a mentally retarded female, known to have trisomy 8, who presented with stiffness of her elbow joints and no history of preceding trauma. Radiographs confirmed bilateral asymmetrical radial head dislocation. This combination of anterior and posterior CRHD co-existing in the same patient has not been described previously with trisomy 8 syndrome.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations/diagnosis , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 , Elbow Joint , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Joint Dislocations/congenital , Trisomy/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Disorders , Elbow Joint/diagnostic imaging , Elbow Joint/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Joint Dislocations/diagnostic imaging , Radiography , Range of Motion, Articular , Syndrome
7.
J R Coll Surg Edinb ; 41(5): 321-2, 1996 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8908957

ABSTRACT

Marked differences were found when prophylactic antibiotic regimens and accuracy of administration were compared in the orthopaedic trauma and elective surgery units of one city. Consultants carrying out elective, primary joint replacements advocated similar antibiotic policies. There was 100% compliance in correct prescription and over 99% in administration of antibiotic doses. An audit of eight surgeons who undertook emergency surgery on adult hip fractures found three different prophylactic antibiotic regimens and that half of the consultants wished no antibiotics to be given. Only 33% of the patients were prescribed the schedule that their consultant wished and there were frequent inaccuracies in dose administration. Of 48 doses prescribed, five were omitted and in addition, four were recorded as having been given although they were unprescribed. Whilst antibiotic prophylaxis is universally accepted and the drugs are prescribed and administered accurately in cases of elective joint arthroplasty, the converse is true for emergency hip surgery.


Subject(s)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Hip Fractures/surgery , Joint Prosthesis , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Adult , Cefuroxime/therapeutic use , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Emergencies , Humans , Referral and Consultation , Scotland
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...