Laparoscopic ultrasound enhances standard laparoscopy in the staging of pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To define the role of laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) in the staging of pancreatic tumors. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Laparoscopy has recently been established as a valuable tool in the staging of pancreatic cancer. It has been suggested that the addition of LUS to standard laparoscopy could improve the accuracy of this procedure. METHODS: A prospective evaluation of 90 patients with pancreatic tumors undergoing laparoscopy and LUS was performed over a 27-month period. LUS equipped with an articulated curved and linear array transducer (6 to 10 MHz) was used. All patients underwent rigorous laparoscopic examination. Clinical, surgical, and pathologic data were collected. RESULTS: The median age was 65 years (range 43 to 85 years). Sixty-four patients had tumors in the head, 19 in the body, and 3 in the tail of the pancreas. Four patients had ampullary tumors. LUS was able to image the primary tumor (98%), portal vein (97%), superior mesenteric vein (94%), hepatic artery (93%), and superior mesenteric artery (93%) in these patients. LUS was particularly helpful in determining venous involvement (42%) and arterial involvement (38%) by the tumor. This resulted in a change in surgical treatment for 13 (14%) of the 90 patients in whom standard laparoscopic examination was equivocal. CONCLUSIONS: LUS is useful in evaluating the primary tumor and peripancreatic vascular anatomy. When standard laparoscopic findings are equivocal, LUS allowed accurate determination of resectability. Supplementing laparoscopy with LUS offers improved assessment and preoperative staging of pancreatic cancer.

Laparoscopic sonography of peripancreatic tumors: preliminary experience.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the use of laparoscopic sonography in patients with suspected peripancreatic tumors and to assess the impact of laparoscopic sonography on patient management. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, 24 patients with suspected pancreatic malignancy underwent CT, laparoscopy, and laparoscopic sonography. The pancreas, peripancreatic vasculature, liver, and porta hepatis were evaluated in each patient. Metastases (hepatic, peritoneal, or nodal), extrapancreatic extension of tumor, or vascular encasement was considered evidence of unresectable disease. Histopathology was the standard of reference; unresectable disease was confirmed by biopsy. At the completion of the laparoscopic sonography, each examination was scored according to impact analysis categories that had been prospectively established. RESULTS: Peripancreatic vasculature was adequately shown by laparoscopic sonography in 22 patients (92%), of whom 12 patients had histopathologic evidence of vascular encasement. All 12 cases of vascular encasement were revealed by laparoscopic sonography, and 10 of 12 cases of vascular encasement were revealed by CT. Liver lesions were seen in eight patients (33%). One hemangioma was shown solely by laparoscopic sonography; the other seven liver lesions were revealed by CT, laparoscopy, or both. In six patients (25%), laparoscopic sonography was used to guide biopsy of lesions that were not seen by laparoscopy. Impact analysis showed that laparoscopic sonography provided additional information in eight patients (33%) and altered management in four patients (17%). Of those patients for whom laparoscopic sonography altered management, three patients underwent successful resection after laparoscopic sonography two of these patients had suspected vascular encasement on CT but laparoscopic sonography revealed normal vessels, and the third patient had CT evidence of a liver lesion that was shown to be a cyst on laparoscopic sonography. A fourth patient was spared laparotomy when laparoscopic sonography revealed unsuspected vascular encasement. CONCLUSION: Preliminary experience suggests that laparoscopic sonography may aid diagnosis and alter management in patients with suspected pancreatic neoplasms.

Laparoscopic resection of a giant omental cyst.

Omental and mesenteric cysts are uncommon, requiring surgical intervention when symptomatic. A report of a giant primary omental cyst successfully treated utilizing minimal-access surgical techniques is presented. The laparoscopic approach allowed complete, intact excision of the cyst, while decreasing operative morbidity and hospital stay.