Anxiety and depression among HIV patients of the infectious disease department of Conakry University Hospital in 2018.

Anxiety and depression continue to be significant comorbidities for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression disorder among HIV patients at Conakry, Guinea. In this cross-sectional study, we described socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial data related to anxiety and depression in 160 HIV patients of the University Teaching Hospital, Conakry, Guinea. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for measuring depression and anxiety in the prior month. The HADS score of ⩾8 was used to identify possible cases of depression and anxiety. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. The prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety among HIV patients was 8.1% and the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among HIV-infected patients was 13.8% and 16.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that individuals having BMI ⩽ 18 (AOR = 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37-9.57) and who did not receive antiretroviral treatment (AOR = 18.93, 95% CI 1.88-188.81) were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms. Similarly, having age <40 years (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI 1.04-7.58) was also significantly associated with anxiety. Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression was high in these HIV patients. This suggests a need for training on the screening and management of anxiety and depression among HIV patients.

Conduites suicidaires en milieu carceral a Conakry (Guinee Conakry)

Les conduites suicidaires en milieu carceral constituent un probleme majeur de sante publique a la prison civile de Conakry. Objectifs: Determiner la frequence des conduites suicidaires et d'identifier les facteurs pouvant conduire au suicide dans la prison civile de Conakry. Methodologie: Il s'agissait d'une etude prospective de type descriptif d'une duree de 6 mois ayant portee sur 133 detenus. Resultats: La frequence des conduites suicidaires chez les detenus etait de 66;17. La tranche d'age de 14 a 35 ans etait la plus touchee (83;96) avec une predominance masculine (91;73). Les detenus analphabetes et du niveau secondaire evoluant dans le secteur informel et les sans profession etaient majoritaires. Les motifs d'incarceration etaient varies ; le sejour carceral etait plus ou moins long alors que les detenus non juges etaient nombreux soit 82;71 de cas. Dans 54;14 de cas; les detenus avaient des antecedents de tentatives de suicide ; nous avons note les addictions dans 89;47 de cas ; les plaintes des detenus etaient surtout basees sur les troubles de l'appetit; l'insomnie; le decouragement; la baisse de l'estime de soi; la tristesse; l'anxiete; le pessimisme; les sentiments de honte et de remord; les idees suicidaires ; tous ces detenus presentaient une humeur depressive soit 100 de cas. Conclusion: Une etude portant sur toutes les prisons au niveau national semble indispensable pour mieux cerner l'ampleur du phenomene; elle devra etre suivie d'une analyse approfondie des differents facteurs impliques en vue d'apporter des solutions adaptees

[Clinical and tomographic aspects of 29 cases of phakomatosis in Guinea]. / Aspects clinique et scannographique de 29 observations de phacomatoses en Guinée.

The purpose of this report is to describe 29 cases of phakomatosis including 18 cases of tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville) and 11 cases of neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen) observed over a 10-year period at the Neurology Department of the University Hospital Centre in Conakry, Guinea. Findings during this period were consistent with those classically reported in the literature: high frequency of advanced skin lesions coalescing into massive tumours, occurrence of seizures of all types and development of a wide variety of complications as a result of late diagnosis. Our experience underscores the need for follow-up and surveillance of these patients by somatic studies based on neurological, ophthalmologic and tomographic data depending on clinical findings.

Aspects clinique et scannographique de 29 observations de phacomatoses en Guinee

Les auteurs rapportent 29 observations de phacomatoses dont 18 cas de sclerose tubereuse de Bourneville et 11 cas de neurofibromatose de Recklinghausen; observees dans le service de neuro l ogie du centre hospitalo-universitaire de Conakry; sur une periode de 10 ans. Dans cette peri o d e;les donnees classiques de la litterature sont retrouvees : frequence elevee des lesions dermatologiques evoluees atteignant de volumineuses tumeurs royales; des crises epileptiques sous toutes ses formes et les complica-tions diverses en raison du retard du diagnostic. Nos resultats soulignent la necessite de suivi et de surveillance de ces patients par un examen somatique (neurologique; ophtal- mologique) et un examen scannographique dicte par les donnees cliniques

[Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Study of 32 cases observed in Conakry, Guinea]. / Panencéphalite sclérosante subaiguë. Etude de 32 cas observés à Conakry, Guinée.

Thirty two cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis were reported. Diagnosis was based on epidemiological, clinical and electroencephalographic data; myoclonies and alterations of intellectual functions were the most frequent symptoms.

[Analysis of dot-blot technique for the detection of three autoantibodies (anti-Jo-1, anti-M2, anti-ribosome). Comparison with reference techniques]. / Analyse d'une technique de dot-blot pour la détection de trois autoanticorps (anti-Jo-1, anti-M2, antiribosomes). Comparison avec les techniques de référence.

A recently commercialized dot-blot (Cyto-Dot, BMD) offered a new method for the detection of three autoantibodies (Ab) anti-Jo-1, anti-M2, and anti-ribosomal protein although their only common point is the cytoplasmic localisation of their respective antigen. These Ab are detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) (anti-M2, anti-ribosomal protein), double immunodiffusion (ID) (anti-Jo-1) and western blotting (WB) (anti-M2). The aim of the study was to compare results obtained by the Cyto-Dot with those obtained by our reference technique. One hundred and seventy-seven sera were analysed, divided into four groups: group I (n = 15) with anti-Jo-1 Ab detected by ID, group II (n = 70) with anti-M2 Ab by WB, group III (n = 33) with anti-ribosomal protein Ab by IF (of which, 19 are precipitating by ID), group IV (control group, n = 59) with 31 sera of healthy individuals, six sera of patients with liver diseases resembling primary biliary cirrhosis and 22 with a particular serological profile. Cyto-Dot is very sensitive and specific for the detection of anti-Jo-1 Ab. Also, it represents a reliable method (sensitivity 0.99) for the screening of anti-M2 Ab and for the confirmation of an atypic immunofluorescence pattern. Equivalent to ID for the detection of anti-ribosomal protein Ab, the Cyto-Dot represents a good alternative technique. However, although this new diagnostic method represents a sensitive technique for the detection of the three auto-Ab, unfortunately, it can not be applied for large series.

[Characterization of anti-mitochondrial antibodies type 2 (anti-M2): comparison of two techniques, western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence]. / Caractérisation des anticorps antimitochondries de type 2 (anti-M2): comparaison de deux techniques, immunotransfert et immunofluorescence indirecte.

About 94% of patients with typical features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have been shown to be anti-M2 positive. Today the relevance of anti-M2 antibodies as a diagnostic marker of PBC is well established. The usual method of detection is by indirect immunofluorescence with cryostat sections of rat organs. In our laboratory we have developed a second identification technique for these antibodies: Western-blotting. To compare immunofluorescence and immunoblotting results, we selected sera from 252 patients: 142 sera from patients with documented PBC, 50 from patients with another hepatic disease, 10 from patients with haematological lupus and 50 from healthy blood donors. We characterized antimitochondrial antibody M2 by the presence of one or more of five antigenic determinants: 65-70 kDa (a), 52-54 kDa (b), 44 kDa (c), 23-26 kDa (d) and 16-20 kDa (e). This technique is especially useful as a backup method intention for identifying a very slight or atypical fluorescence pattern.