SIMENS-LIS4SC, a Laboratory Information System for Biological Tests of Sickle Cell Screening and Healthcare.

Neonatal screening and ongoing follow-up of children with sickle cell disease are essential to reduce the mortality caused by this disease. To ensure care continuity, it is essential to include in the patient's record the history and details of biological tests. Thus, it is necessary to provide a Laboratory Information System for electronic management of biological test prescription and results, and the laboratory system must integrate well with Health Information Systems. In this paper, we propose a Laboratory Information System for the management of biological tests for the neonatal screening and healthcare of sickle cell disease in Senegal.

Towards an Information System for Sickle Cell Neonatal Screening in Senegal.

Sickle cell disease is a major public health problem in Senegal. It is an inherited disease that affects about 300,000 births worldwide each year. There are 70 million people affected worldwide, 80% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. In Senegal, 1 in 10 people carries the sickle cell disease gene. This disease requires follow-up from birth and for life. The patient care requires the integration and the analysis of biological, clinical, social, economic data., etc. In this paper, we propose a health information system for data management of the blood sampling from the newborn at the maternity wards and the disease screening at the Center for Research and Ambulatory Care of the Sickle Cell Disease (CERPAD).

Clinical efficacy of African traditional medicines in hypertension: A randomized controlled trial with Combretum micranthum and Hibiscus sabdariffa.

Medicinal plants are widely used as a first-line therapy for hypertension, often without comparative clinical data. A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess efficacy of Combretum micranthum (kinkeliba) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (bissap), in the galenic form of capsules of plant powder, on blood pressure in adult patients with non-complicated hypertension ( > 140/90 mm Hg). One hundred and twenty five patients were randomly allocated into group 1 (kinkeliba leaves 190 mg × 2/day), or group 2 (bissap calyx 320 mg × 2/day), or group 3 (ramipril 5 mg /day) during four consecutive weeks. Blood and urinary samples were collected on day 0 and 28 while patients' blood pressure was measured weekly. In all three groups SBP and DBP decreased over 3 weeks of treatment (P < 0.001). For SBP, mean decrease was higher with ramipril (-16.7 ± 8.4 mm Hg) than with kinkeliba (-12.2 ± 6.6 mm Hg, P = 0.016) and bissap (-11.2 ± 3.3 mm Hg, P = 0.001). For DBP, mean decrease with ramipril (-6.7 ± 3.6 mm Hg) was more important than with kinkeliba (-5.0 ± 3.0 mm Hg, P = 0.011) but not statistically different to bissap group (-6.0 ± 4.7 mm Hg, P = 0.271). A significant natriuretic effect was observed in the kinkeliba and bissap groups but not in patients under ramipril treatment. At the end of the four weeks, 39% [95% CI: 25.7-54.3] of patients in the ramipril group, 37% [95% CI: 23.6-51.9] of patients in the kinkeliba group and 21% [95% CI: 11.7-35.9] of those taking bissap had normalized their BP.

[Prevalence of dyslipemia in Aristide le Dantec biochemistry laboratory in Dakar Senegal]. / Prévalence des dyslipidémies au laboratoire de biochimie du CHU Aristide le Dantec de Dakar, Sénégal.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemias among patients who underwent assay of a lipid parameter at the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital in 2013. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 1356 patients between ages 10-94 years presenting at the laboratory of Biochemistry of CHU Le Dantec from January to December 2013. All patients who had undergone at least one lipid assay whose results were recorded in the laboratory register were enrolled in the study. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using enzymatic methods (Cobas Integra 400 plus biochemistry analyzer - Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in our study population was 39.30%. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, hyper-HDL-cholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia was 30,89% ; 7,30% ; 31,19% ; 0,51% ; 7,22% respectively. The subjects aged 40 to 59 years appeared to be more exposed. Moreover, there was a female predominance in hypercholesterolemia (54.17% vs 45.82%) the hypocholesterolemia (54.54% vs45,45%), and mixed hyperlipidemia (51.08% vs 48.97%). Dyslipidemias were strongly correlated to hypertension and obesity. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of dyslipidemias found in our study highlights the importance of studying the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, in particular dyslipidemias, in Senegalese population.

Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in northern region of Senegal: a community-based study in 2012.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging worldwide epidemic but few data are available in African populations. We aimed to assess prevalence of CKD in adult populations of Saint-Louis (northern Senegal). METHODS: In a population-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1,037 adults aged=18 years living in Saint-Louis. Socio-demographical, clinical and biological data were collected during household visits. Serum creatinine was measured by Jaffé method. We estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the 4-variables MDRD equation and CKD was defined by eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or albuminuria>1g/L. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with CKD. RESULTS: Mean participants' age was 47.9±16.9 years (18-87) and sex-ratio was 0.52. Majority of participants lived in urban areas (55.3% rural) and had school education (65.6%). Overall prevalences of hypertension, diabetes and obesity were 39.1%, 12.7% and 23.4% respectively. Prevalence of CKD was 4.9% (95% CI=3.5-6.2) and 0.9% had GFR<30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Albuminuria>1g/l was found in 3.5% of people. CKD was significantly more frequent among hypertensive patients compared to normotensive participants. Only 23% of patients were aware of their disease before the survey. After multivariate logistic analysis, presence of CKD was significantly associated with hypertension (OR=1.12, p=0.02) and age (OR=1.03, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: CKD is frequent in adult population living Northern Senegal. Main associated factors are hypertension and age. Prevention strategy is urgently needed to raise awareness and promote CKD detection and early treatment in both urban and rural areas.

Lipid profile frequency and the prevalence of dyslipidaemia from biochemical tests at Saint Louis University Hospital in Senegal.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of lipid profile requests and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients at the biochemistry laboratory of St. Louis University Hospital, as well as their correlation with sex and age. METHODS: This was a retrospective study reviewing 14,116 laboratory results of patients of both sexes, over a period of six months (January-June 2013) regardless of the indication for the request. The lipid parameters included were: Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides with normal values defined as follows: Total cholesterol (<2g/l), HDL- cholesterol (>0,40g/l), LDL- cholesterol (<1,30g/l) and Triglycerides (<1,50g/l). RESULTS: The average age of our study population was 55.15 years with a female predorminance (M/F = 0.60). The age group most represented was that between 55-64 years. The frequency of lipid profile request in our sample was 9.41% (or 1,329). The overall prevalence of isolated hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDLaemia, hypoHDLaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and mixed hyperlipidemia were respectively 60.91%, 66.27%, 26.58%, 4.57% and 2.75%. Hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDLaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and mixed hyperlipidaemia were higher in women with respectively 66.22%, 67.98%, 4.58%, 2.89% than in men (52.01%, 62.81%, 4.44% and 2.40% respectively). On the other hand, the prevalence of hypoHDLaemia was higher in males (32.19%) compared to females (23.76%). Hypercholesterolemia correlated significantly with age and sex. CONCLUSION: Our study showed a relatively low request rate for lipid profile and a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia hence the importance of conducting a major study on the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated factors in the Senegalese population.

Chronic kidney disease epidemiology in northern Senegal: a cross-sectional study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging worldwide epidemic but few data are available in African populations. This study assessed prevalence of CKD in adults living Saint-Louis, northern Senegal. In a population-based survey between January and May 2012, 1037 adults living in Saint-Louis were assessed. Sociodemographical, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Factors associated with CKD were identified by multivariate regression analysis. The mean age of participants was 47.9 +/- 16.9 years. The majority of the participants lived in urban areas (55.3%) and had school education (65.6%). The overall prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity were 39.1%, 12.7%, and 23.4% respectively. Prevalence of CKD was 4.9% (95% confidence interval, 3.5% to 6.2%) and 0.9% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Before the study, 23% of the patients were aware of their disease. In multivariable logistic analysis, presence of CKD was significantly associated with hypertension and age. This study shows that CKD is frequent in adult population of Northern Senegal. A kidney health program is urgently needed to reduce the disease burden in both urban and rural areas.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors in senegalese populations: a community-based study in saint-louis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging worldwide epidemic but littledata concerning African populations are available. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess prevalence of CKD in adult populations of Saint-Louis, northern Senegal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a population-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1037 adults ≥ 18 years of age who resided in Saint-Louis. Socio-demographic, clinical, and biologic data were collected during household visits. Serum creatinine was measured by Jaffé method. We estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation and CKD was defined by eGFR< 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and/or albuminuria > 1 g/L. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with CKD. RESULTS: The mean of participants' age was 47.9 ± 16.9 years (range, 18-87) and sex ratio (male to female) was 0.52. Majority of participants lived in urban areas (55.3%) and had school education (65.6%). Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were present respectively in 39.1%, 12.7%, and 23.4% of participants. Overall CKD prevalence was 4.9% (95% CI, 3.5-6.2) with eGFR< 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in 0.9%. Albuminuria > 1 g/L was found in 3.5% of patients. CKD was significantly more frequent among hypertensive patients in comparison with normotensive ones. Risk factors associated with CKD were hypertension (12% of risk excess) and age (3% of risk excess). CONCLUSIONS: CKD is frequent in adult population living in Northern Senegal. Main associated factors are hypertension and age. Prevention strategies are urgently needed to raise public awareness and promote early CKD detection and treatment in both urban and rural areas.

Dyslipidemia, obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population in Senegal.

INTRODUCTION: According to the WHO, 50% of deaths worldwide (40.1% in developing countries) are due to chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Of these chronic NCDs, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. The Framingham study has shown the importance of hypercholesterolemia as a primary risk factor. In Senegal, the epidemiology of dyslipidemia and obesity are still poorly understood due to the lack of comprehensive studies on their impact on the general population. This motivated this study to look into the key epidemiologic and socio-demographic determinants of these risk factors. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological survey which included 1037 individuals selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire following the WHO STEPwise approach. Socio-demographic, health and biomedical variables were collected. P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The average age was 48 years with a female predominance (M: F of 0.6). The literacy rate was 65.2% and 44.7% of participants were from rural areas. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDLemia, hypoHDLemia, hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia were 56%, 22.5%, 12.4%, 7.11% and 1.9% respectively. One in four was obese (BMI> 30kg/m2) and 34.8% had abdominal obesity. The main factors significantly associated with dyslipidemia were obesity, urban dwelling, physical inactivity and a family history of dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dyslipidemia, obesity and other risk factors in the population was high needing immediate care for those affected and implementation of prevention strategies.