Detection and dissection of sentinel nodes in endometrial endometrioid cancer with indocyanine green using PinPoint laparoscopy: Analysis of the learning curve.

OBJECTIVE: Early-stage endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma is managed through laparoscopic total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Detection of positive nodes is rare, and lymphadenectomy may involve complications. Pelvic sentinel lymph node dissection can prevent complete dissection. Herein, we evaluated the learning curve of sentinel lymph node dissection using indocyanine green. STUDY DESIGN: All surgeries for endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma were performed laparoscopically with indocyanine green to detect sentinel nodes. The primary outcome was the ability to identify and resect sentinel lymph nodes on each side. The secondary outcome was correspondence between the frozen section histology of the nodes with the final histology. RESULTS: Among 31 patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma treated between October 2018 and August 2020, 29 who underwent laparoscopy using indocyanine green were enrolled. Complete lymphadenectomy was performed in 16 patients. Failure to recognize sentinel nodes on right and left sides occurred in 10.34% and 0% of cases, respectively. The median number of recognized and dissected sentinel nodes was 1 on both sides (range 0-5). One patient had a lymph node positive for malignancy on histology (3.45%) on both sides. There were 13 and 14 cases of negative frozen sections on the right and left sides, respectively, and 1 case of a positive frozen section with positive whole pelvic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: Sentinel node dissection using indocyanine green in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma has a distinct learning curve; however, it is practical and achievable for skilled surgeons.

Cord blood lipids concentrations and their relation to body size at birth: possible link between intrauterine life and adult diseases.

Umbilical plasma levels of lipoproteins-cholesterol were measured in 480 normal newborns delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery at 39 to 40 weeks of gestation. Plasma concentrations of lipids were related to fetal weight, abdominal and head circumference, and ponderal index at birth. Plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) correlated negatively with abdominal circumference (AC), birth weight, and head circumference of newborns (p < 0.021, p < 0.023, p < 0.044, respectively). The baby with the smallest AC had the highest plasma concentration of LDL-C (p < 0.015). In the 165 neonates with ponderal index < 10th percentile, LDL-C was substantially elevated (p < 0.018). These findings suggest that disproportionate size at birth is associated with altered lipid metabolism. These abnormalities, if they persist, might lead to metabolic diseases in adulthood.