Myofibroblastic tumor of the esophagus - a case report of long-term follow-up and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with intermediate malignant potential. Although most often seen in the lungs, it can occur at multiple anatomical locations, including the gastrointestinal tract. An esophageal lesion is extremely rare, however. IMTs present most commonly in children and young adults. The main therapeutic approach is surgical resection. CASE REPORT: We report on the follow-up of a case in a 13-year-old boy with IMT in the esophagus. He underwent surgical resection in 2013 and is free of disease to date. CONCLUSION: Surgical resection is the most preferred therapy. If the resection is complete, the risk of recurrence is low. Nevertheless, every patient should be carefully followed up after the resection.

[Laparoscopy at the pediatric surgery department for a five-year period]. / Laparoskopie na pracovisti detské chirurgie v petiletém období.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopy in small children was developed only after the adoption and verification of basic principles in adult patients and is mostly concentrated in specialized facilities due to the possible complications and necessity of follow-up specialized anesthesiological and post-operative care. In the 1990s, the Clinic of Paediatric Surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology at University Hospital Brno was one of the first in the Czech Republic to begin operating on children laparoscopically. The presented study informs about the development of these minimally invasive methods, the frequency of their use, and the spectrum of patients at the pediatric surgery facility where laparoscopy in children has been systematically developed over many years. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of children operated upon laparoscopically at the clinic of Paediatric surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology of University Hospital Brno over the five-year period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016. A list of surgical procedures was prepared which was then first divided into procedures specific exclusively for children and those common to adult patients surgery. Separately, an overview was prepared of operated patients under 50 kg, which was the boundary criterion defined by the authors for laparoscopy in children as opposed to adults. For all procedures, the frequency of the completed cases performed laparoscopically was precisely ascertained. The source for this data was the hospital system and surgical documentation. RESULTS: In the evaluated period, a total of 995 laparoscopic procedures were performed, more than half of which (56.8%) were in patients under 50 kg. The majority of those were procedures performed also in adults. The group of surgical operations exclusively specific to children was characterized by low frequencies of the individual procedures. CONCLUSION: The presented analysis confirms that laparoscopy in children is based on standard procedures common to surgery on adults. These procedures are adopted the most quickly, and they can be disseminated across a large group of surgeons who are then able to perform these routinely on child patients. Surgical procedures exclusively specific for children, on the other hand, are performed less frequently, their adoption is slower, and laparoscopic approach is less common. Therefore, laparoscopy specific to children needs to be performed on a long-term basis, systematically, and within a small group of surgeons. Otherwise, it is better not to perform it at all.Key words: laparoscopy - child frequency.

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children and adolescents]. / Laparoskopická cholecystektomie u detí a adolescentu

INTRODUCTION: In the treatment of cholelithiasis in adults, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the method of first choice. There is plentiful literary evidence of the low complication incidence in this age group, but similar assessment is lacking in the paediatric population. In this work, the authors focus on cholelithiasis in children and the possible use of laparoscopy in the diagnostic - therapeutic scheme. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 148 patients operated on by laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 2002 and 2011 at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology of University Hospital Brno. The first objective of the study was to evaluate the length of surgery; the second one was the occurrence of complications which were divided into intraoperative and postoperative. Intraoperative complications were subdivided into severe and moderate, postoperative complications into early and late. The last objective was to evaluate the benefit (number of complications, treatment outputs) of intraoperative cholangiography for obstructive jaundice before the surgery. RESULTS: In the above mentioned period, 143 laparoscopic cholecystectomies and five laparoscopic cholecystectomies including splenectomy were performed. The average age of the patients was 13.9 years; the average length of laparoscopic surgery was 52 minutes. One major, serious intraoperative complication (0.7%) was recorded - injury to the ductus hepaticus communis. Moderate intraoperative complications occurred in 4.5%. Furthermore, one serious early postoperative complication (0.7%) - bleeding from the cystic artery --and one minor (0.7%) - in a patient with acute pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - was recorded. Late postoperative complications occurred in 4% of the patients. Conversion of laparoscopic operation with a definitive resolution of the serious condition was performed in one patient because of the aforementioned serious intraoperative complications. Eleven patients underwent intraoperative cholangiography; extraction of stones from the bile duct was performed in six cases. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative cholangiography in children and adolescents can be recommended as a safe and effective imaging modality for patients with preoperative evidence of biliary obstruction. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children and adolescents can be clearly recommended as an effective and safe surgical technique convenient for paediatric patients.