Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 47
Filter
1.
Ir Med J ; 109(3): 370, 2016 Mar 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27685817

ABSTRACT

The initial step in developing injury prevention strategies is to establish the epidemiology of injury. However there has been no published research on injury in Gaelic handball. This study describes the epidemiology of injury in 75 Gaelic handball players utilising a retrospective questionnaire. 88% of participants reported one or more injuries. Injuries to the upper limb were prevalent (52.9%), followed by the lower limb (30.3%). The shoulder (17.6%), finger (10.5%) and ankle (9.8%) were the primary sites of injury. Injuries occurred most frequently in December (9.7%), January (9.7%), February (9.7%) and November (8.7%). Injuries predominantly occurred during games (82.4%). Injuries were primarily severe (54.7%), with 14.6% of participants admitted to hospital due to injury. Given that this is the only study on Gaelic handball to date, prospective epidemiological studies and further research on injury prevention strategies are necessary.

3.
Toxicol In Vitro ; 27(8): 2203-12, 2013 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24064305

ABSTRACT

Behentrimonium chloride (BTC) is a straight-chain alkyltrimonium chloride compound commonly used as an antistatic, hair conditioning, emulsifier, or preservative agent in personal care products. Although the European Union recently restricted the use of alkyltrimonium chlorides and bromides as preservatives to ≤0.1%, these compounds have been safely used for many years at ≤5% in hundreds of cosmetic products for other uses than as a preservative. In vitro, clinical, and controlled consumer usage tests in barrier-impaired individuals were conducted to determine if whole body, leave-on skin care products containing 1-5% BTC cause dermal irritation or any other skin reaction with use. BTC-containing formulations were predicted to be non-irritants by the EpiDerm® skin irritation test and the bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP)/chorioallantoic membrane vascular assay (CAMVA) ocular irritation test battery. No evidence of allergic contact dermatitis or cumulative dermal irritation was noted under the exaggerated conditions of human occlusive patch tests. No clinically assessed or self-reported adverse reactions were noted in adults or children with atopic, eczematous, and/or xerotic skin during two-week and four-week monitored home usage studies. These results were confirmed by post-marketing data for five body lotions, which showed only 0.69 undesirable effects (mostly skin irritation) reported per million shipped consumer units during 2006-2011; a value consistent with a non-irritating body lotion. No serious undesirable effects were reported during in-market use of the products. Therefore, if formulated in appropriate conditions at 1-5%, BTC will not cause dermal irritation or delayed contact sensitization when used in a whole-body, leave-on product.


Subject(s)
Cosmetics/toxicity , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/toxicity , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/toxicity , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Cattle , Child , Consumer Product Safety , Cornea/drug effects , Cornea/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patch Tests , Permeability , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing , Skin/drug effects , Toxicity Tests, Acute , Young Adult
5.
Bone ; 44(2): 266-74, 2009 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19013265

ABSTRACT

Prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 4 agonists (EP4A) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) stimulate bone formation, but their effects on bone resorption are controversial. To provide additional insight into the skeletal effects of EP4A and FGF2, their regulation of expression of genes associated with bone formation and resorption in aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats and in cultured mouse bone marrow cells was determined. RNA was isolated from lumbar vertebrae of OVX rats (16 months of age) treated daily for 3 weeks with FGF2 or EP4A and processed for quantitative real time-PCR analyses. mRNA expression for the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and cathepsin K (CTSK), but not osteoprotegerin (OPG), were upregulated by both FGF2 and EP4A. Addition of FGF2 and EP4A to the medium of cultured mouse bone marrow cells increased the formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells, upregulated the expression of RANKL and CTSK, and downregulated expression for OPG. EP4A also increased the formation of actin rings, an indicator of osteoclast activation, in a dose dependent manner in osteoclasts cultured on bone slices and triggered the formation of pits as revealed by a pitting assay. Gene expression for osterix (OSX) and IGF-2, genes associated with bone formation, was significantly greater in FGF2-treated OVX rats compared with EP4A-treated OVX rats. These findings at the molecular level are consistent with previous tissue-level histomorphometric findings, and at the doses tested, support the contention that FGF2 has a stronger bone anabolic effect than EP4A. The results of these in vivo and in vitro analyses clarify the effects of FGF2 and EP4A on bone formation and resorption, and provide insight into differences in the efficacy of two potential bone anabolic agents for restoration of lost bone mass in the osteopenic, estrogen-deplete skeleton.


Subject(s)
Anabolic Agents/pharmacology , Bone Resorption/drug therapy , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology , Receptors, Prostaglandin E/agonists , Sulfhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use , Thiophenes/therapeutic use , Acid Phosphatase/metabolism , Animals , Biological Assay , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , Calcitriol/pharmacology , Cells, Cultured , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Female , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Humans , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Lumbar Vertebrae/cytology , Lumbar Vertebrae/drug effects , Mice , Osteoclasts/cytology , Osteoclasts/drug effects , Osteoclasts/enzymology , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sulfhydryl Compounds/pharmacology , Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Treatment Outcome
6.
Genetics ; 180(4): 2251-66, 2008 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18845848

ABSTRACT

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cdc13 binds telomeric DNA to recruit telomerase and to "cap" chromosome ends. In temperature-sensitive cdc13-1 mutants telomeric DNA is degraded and cell-cycle progression is inhibited. To identify novel proteins and pathways that cap telomeres, or that respond to uncapped telomeres, we combined cdc13-1 with the yeast gene deletion collection and used high-throughput spot-test assays to measure growth. We identified 369 gene deletions, in eight different phenotypic classes, that reproducibly demonstrated subtle genetic interactions with the cdc13-1 mutation. As expected, we identified DNA damage checkpoint, nonsense-mediated decay and telomerase components in our screen. However, we also identified genes affecting casein kinase II activity, cell polarity, mRNA degradation, mitochondrial function, phosphate transport, iron transport, protein degradation, and other functions. We also identified a number of genes of previously unknown function that we term RTC, for restriction of telomere capping, or MTC, for maintenance of telomere capping. It seems likely that many of the newly identified pathways/processes that affect growth of budding yeast cdc13-1 mutants will play evolutionarily conserved roles at telomeres. The high-throughput spot-testing approach that we describe is generally applicable and could aid in understanding other aspects of eukaryotic cell biology.


Subject(s)
Genome, Fungal , Mutation , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Telomere-Binding Proteins/genetics , Telomere/metabolism , DNA Repair , DNA, Fungal , Gene Deletion , Genes, Suppressor , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism , Telomere-Binding Proteins/metabolism
7.
Colorectal Dis ; 8(1): 34-6, 2006 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16519635

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The indications for pre-operative radiotherapy in rectal cancer are still unclear with the exception of T4 tumours. The aim of this study was to assess local and overall recurrence in patients with T1-T3 rectal cancers undergoing total mesorectal excision (TME). METHODS: Prospective data was collected from 150 patients with rectal cancer treated in one surgical centre between July 1997 and July 2002. One hundred and twenty-nine primary resections were carried of which 102 were with curative intent. Seventy-nine patients with T1-T3 tumours were included in the analysis. Nine had local resections and 70 underwent TME; 19 of the 70 patients were node positive and 51 were node negative. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 37 months (range 19-79 months) there were 3 (4.3%) isolated local recurrences. One node positive patient developed isolated local recurrence compared with 2 node negative patients. The node positive patient died from a myocardial infarction while the two node negative patients died as a consequence of local recurrence. Three (4.3%) of 70 patients developed systemic relapse all of whom were node positive. The cancer specific mortality rate over the same follow-up period was 3/19 for node positive patients and 2/51 for node negative patients. Of 9 patients who had local resections, none developed local recurrence or systemic relapse. CONCLUSIONS: With TME the rate of local recurrence in T1-T3 tumours is low. Our results do not support the use of pre-operative radiotherapy for these patients.


Subject(s)
Colectomy/methods , Preoperative Care/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Rectum/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Neoplasm Staging , Prospective Studies , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome
8.
Diabetologia ; 48(2): 394-402, 2005 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15645206

ABSTRACT

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction has been shown by tissue Doppler and strain imaging in diabetic patients in the absence of coronary disease or LV hypertrophy, but the prevalence and aetiology of this finding remain unclear. This study sought to identify the prevalence and the determinants of subclinical diabetic heart disease. METHODS: A group of 219 unselected patients with type 2 diabetes without known cardiac disease underwent resting and stress echocardiography. After exclusion of coronary artery disease or LV hypertrophy, the remaining 120 patients (age 57+/-10 years, 73 male) were studied with tissue Doppler imaging. Peak systolic strain of each wall and systolic (Sm) and diastolic (Em) velocity of each basal segment were measured from the three apical views and averaged for each patient. Significant subclinical LV dysfunction was identified according to Sm and Em normal ranges adjusted by age and sex. Strain and Em were correlated with clinical, therapeutic, echocardiographic and biochemical variables, and significant independent associations were sought using a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS: Significant subclinical LV dysfunction was present in 27% diabetic patients. Myocardial systolic dysfunction by peak strain was independently associated with glycosylated haemoglobin level (p<0.001) and lack of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment (p=0.003). Myocardial diastolic function (Em) was independently predicted by age (p=0.013), hypertension (p=0.001), insulin (p=0.008) and metformin (p=0.01) treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In patients with diabetes mellitus, subclinical LV dysfunction is common and associated with poor diabetic control, advancing age, hypertension and metformin treatment; ACE inhibitor and insulin therapies appear to be protective.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Complications/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetic Angiopathies/diagnosis , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/epidemiology , Adult , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Body Mass Index , Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy , Diabetic Angiopathies/epidemiology , Diastole , Echocardiography , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Heart Rate , Humans , Hypertension , Insulin/therapeutic use , Male , Metformin/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Systole , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
9.
J Oral Pathol Med ; 30(10): 577-81, 2001 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11722706

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Telomerase is detectable in 85% of cancers, but is largely repressed in normal tissues. Human telomerase RNA (hTR) inhibition is a promising anti-cancer strategy, but requires differential expression between malignant and normal tissue. METHOD: Archival paraffin sections from 48 oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (23 floor of mouth, 25 tongue) and 56 oesophageal carcinomas (41 SCC, 15 adenocarcinomas) were evaluated for hTR expression using a radiolabelled riboprobe. Results were compared with expression in controls and adjacent histologically normal tissue. Statistical analysis was by the chi2 test. RESULTS: hTR was detectable in 76% of oral SCC overall (floor of mouth 65%, tongue 88%, P=0.61), and in 54% of oesophageal cancers (SCC 51%, adenocarcinoma 60%, P=0.56). Detectable hTR expression was significantly more frequent in oral SCC than oesophageal SCC (P=0.01). hTR expression was only detected in normal tissue at low levels in basal squamous epithelium. There was agreement of hTR expression between 8/9 surgically excised carcinomas and their initial diagnostic biopsies. CONCLUSION: Tumour-specific hTR expression confirms hTR inhibition as a possible therapeutic strategy in some if not all oesophageal and oral cancers. Generally concordant hTR status between biopsy and resection suggest that biopsy may have a role in selecting candidates for telomerase inhibition therapy.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/enzymology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology , Esophageal Neoplasms/enzymology , Mouth Neoplasms/enzymology , RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism , Telomerase/biosynthesis , Epithelium/enzymology , Gene Expression , Humans , In Situ Hybridization , Mouth Floor/enzymology , RNA Probes , RNA, Neoplasm/analysis , Telomerase/genetics , Tongue Neoplasms/enzymology
12.
J Foot Ankle Surg ; 39(6): 392-401, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11131477

ABSTRACT

The lower extremity is a frequent site for malignant melanomas. However, skeletal metastases involving the foot and ankle are a rarity. Nearly all documented cases of secondary pedal bone metastasis have originated from a primary subungual melanoma. The following case study illustrates an unusual skeletal metastasis to the foot and ankle arising from a primary malignant melanoma of the torso.


Subject(s)
Ankle Joint/pathology , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Foot Bones/pathology , Foot Diseases/diagnosis , Melanoma/secondary , Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Male , Melanoma/diagnosis , Melanoma/pathology , Middle Aged , Skin Neoplasms/pathology
14.
Clin Infect Dis ; 30(3): 590-4, 2000 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10722451

ABSTRACT

Clostridium species are capable of producing several types of infectious processes, many of which have proven to be life-threatening. Septic arthritis caused by Clostridium, however, is not a very frequent finding. Currently, only 37 cases of infectious arthritis due to Clostridium species have been reported. We report a case of septic arthritis in which Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium sordellii, and Clostridium tertium were each isolated from the synovial aspirate. In addition, the 37 previously reported cases are summarized to compare the similarities and differences of the clinical course, treatment, and outcome, in order to help establish guidelines for the proper management of this infectious process.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology , Clostridium Infections/microbiology , Clostridium/isolation & purification , Synovial Fluid/microbiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Clostridium/classification , Female , Humans , Male
15.
Pharmacotherapy ; 19(7): 844-53, 1999 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10417033

ABSTRACT

We developed a pharmacoeconomic model to compare costs and clinical outcomes of administering phenytoin and fosphenytoin alone and in combination in hospitalized patients. Effectiveness data were obtained by distributing a questionnaire to 33 registered nurses at three acute care hospitals who worked in critical care, neurology services, or emergency department. The questionnaire addressed methods of phenytoin and fosphenytoin administration, frequency of adverse reactions, methods of treating adverse reactions, and demographic information. The model estimated that if 50% of phenytoin loading doses were substituted with fosphenytoin, a reduction in adverse events resulted in an estimated increase of $36/patient cost to the hospital. If phenytoin maintenance dosages were substituted with fosphenytoin, the model predicted essentially no change in cost to the hospital. It appears that fosphenytoin reduces adverse events at a reasonable increase in total hospital costs.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/economics , Phenytoin/analogs & derivatives , Phenytoin/economics , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data , Drug Therapy/methods , Drug Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Economics, Pharmaceutical , Humans , Nursing Staff, Hospital , Phenytoin/administration & dosage , Phenytoin/adverse effects , Surveys and Questionnaires
16.
J Foot Ankle Surg ; 38(3): 185-93, 1999.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10384357

ABSTRACT

There is a paucity of scientific literature that has reviewed the conservative and surgical treatment efficacy for the management of injuries causing neurapraxia and axonotmesis. This retrospective study evaluates the clinical outcomes of certain treatments for these injuries. Twenty-seven patients fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study, and represented both genders and a wide variety of ages, weights, levels of education, and backgrounds. Surgical intervention resulted in a slightly better clinical outcome when compared to conservative therapies. Patients undergoing surgery for a single nerve problem improved more than those who underwent surgery when three or more nerves were involved. Failure was most often associated with: 1) multiple nerve injuries, 2) a previous history of psychopathology, and 3) application of conservative therapy without surgical intervention for single nerve injury.


Subject(s)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Peroneal Nerve/injuries , Sural Nerve/injuries , Administration, Topical , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Ankle Injuries/etiology , Ankle Injuries/therapy , Capsaicin/administration & dosage , Child , Female , Foot Injuries/etiology , Foot Injuries/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
17.
Clin Podiatr Med Surg ; 16(1): 175-204, 1999 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9929778

ABSTRACT

Planning for peripheral nerve surgery requires consideration of a multitude of factors, as well as a surgeon's meticulous skill and experience. With so little room for error, every advantage must be taken to optimize repair. Peripheral nerve surgery of the foot and ankle is an underappreciated area of neurosurgery with comparatively limited published reports and data. The authors reviewed the current trends in the surgical management of peripheral nerve injuries of the foot and ankle in the hope that an understanding of the basic principles involved will allow for future study of the results of such surgery by more surgeons who deal with these problems.


Subject(s)
Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Peripheral Nerves/surgery , Ankle/surgery , Foot/surgery , Humans , Peripheral Nerves/anatomy & histology , Physical Examination , Postoperative Complications , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis , Wounds and Injuries/etiology , Wounds and Injuries/surgery
18.
J Esthet Dent ; 11(6): 325-31, 1999.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10825867

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Prescribed, patient-applied tooth lightening agents, or nightguard vital bleaching, typically utilizes a 10% carbamide peroxide agent applied during nocturnal hours. The purpose of this randomized double-blind study was to compare the amount of tooth color change in two groups of subjects using dentist-supervised, patient-applied 10% carbamide peroxide gel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One group used Opalescence (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, Utah) and the other NiteWhite Excel (Discus Dental, Inc., Los Angeles, California). Evaluation of tooth color for the six maxillary anterior teeth was done using a Vita shade guide at baseline, 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Subjects were instructed to apply the gel nocturnally using a custom-made soft tray 8 hours per day for 2 weeks. The 16 tabs of the shade guide were ranked according to value from darkest to lightest. The number (1-16) that correlated to the shade tab selected as the match for each tooth was the outcome variable. A Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance on ranks was used. RESULTS: The test revealed no statistically significant difference between Opalescence and NiteWhite Excel for lightening the teeth (p = .807). The color change was still significant after 2 weeks without further bleaching activity. The baseline evaluation of the maxillary incisors and canines for all subjects, regardless of group, demonstrated a significant shade difference, with the canines being darker. This difference was not seen after 2 weeks of active bleaching or at the 4-week evaluation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this study comparing bleaching products, patients using Opalescence and NiteWhite Excel experienced a significant change in the color of their teeth relative to baseline values after 2 weeks of active treatment.


Subject(s)
Dental Devices, Home Care , Peroxides , Tooth Bleaching/methods , Tooth Discoloration/therapy , Urea/analogs & derivatives , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Carbamide Peroxide , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Female , Humans , Male , Peroxides/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Urea/therapeutic use
19.
J Dent Hyg ; 72(2): 35-40, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9680889

ABSTRACT

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology with an annual incidence of 2 to 8 cases per 100,000 adults. Symptoms include fevers, arthralgias, and a characteristic rash over the cheeks and nose. More serious manifestations involve the cardiac, renal, and central nervous systems. Due to the valvular damage associated with SLE, prophylactic antibiotic premedication is recommended prior to invasive dental procedures. Drug therapy consists of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antimalarials, and corticosteroids. Appropriate dental management of these patients requires an understanding of the etiology, clinical manifestations, current treatment recommendations, and psychological aspects of the disease.


Subject(s)
Dental Care for Chronically Ill , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Mouth Diseases/etiology , Adult , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/psychology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/therapy
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...