Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 10 de 10
Filter
1.
ISME Commun ; 2(1): 37, 2022 Apr 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37938273

ABSTRACT

Marine sediment communities are major contributors to biogeochemical cycling and benthic ecosystem functioning, but they are poorly described, particularly in remote regions such as Antarctica. We analysed patterns and drivers of diversity in metazoan and prokaryotic benthic communities of the Antarctic Peninsula with metabarcoding approaches. Our results show that the combined use of mitochondrial Cox1, and 16S and 18S rRNA gene regions recovered more phyla, from metazoan to non-metazoan groups, and allowed correlation of possible interactions between kingdoms. This higher level of detection revealed dominance by the arthropods and not nematodes in the Antarctic benthos and further eukaryotic diversity was dominated by benthic protists: the world's largest reservoir of marine diversity. The bacterial family Woeseiaceae was described for the first time in Antarctic sediments. Almost 50% of bacteria and 70% metazoan taxa were unique to each sampled site (high alpha diversity) and harboured unique features for local adaptation (niche-driven). The main abiotic drivers measured, shaping community structure were sediment organic matter, water content and mud. Biotic factors included the nematodes and the highly abundant bacterial fraction, placing protists as a possible bridge for between kingdom interactions. Meiofauna are proposed as sentinels for identifying anthropogenic-induced changes in Antarctic marine sediments.

2.
Andes Pediatr ; 92(3): 395-405, 2021 Jun.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34479246

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In April 2020, the pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporarily associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) was described for the first time. MIS-C could have a severe course and may require critical care support. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, laboratory, and management characteristics of hospitalized children who meet MIS-C criteria with severe presentation in a pediatric critical pa tient unit. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive prospective study of children with severe MIS-C mana ged by treatment phases with immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone, according to their clinical response. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and imaging data were obtained. Phenotypes were classified into Kawasaki and not Kawasaki, comparing their findings. RESULTS: 20 patients were analy zed, the median age was 6 years, 60% were female, and 40% presented comorbidity. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 90% of the patients. They presented fever as the first symptom, followed by brief and early gastrointestinal symptoms (70%). 75% presented the Kawasaki phenotype. They evolved with lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, coagulation alterations, and elevated systemic and cardiac in flammatory parameters. 80% of the cases presented echocardiographic alterations and 90% shock that required critical care support. All the patients had a short and favorable evolution. All patients responded to the established therapy, but 40% required a second phase of treatment. There were no differences when comparing phenotypes. No deaths were reported. CONCLUSION: MIS-C is a new childhood disease whose presentation could be life-threatening. It requires early suspicion, immuno modulatory management, critical care support, and a multidisciplinary approach to obtain the best results and optimize its prognosis.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Blood Coagulation Disorders/etiology , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/therapy , Child , Critical Care , Female , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use , Humans , Hypoalbuminemia/etiology , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Lymphopenia/etiology , Male , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Shock/etiology , Shock/therapy , Symptom Assessment , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/complications , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/therapy
3.
Mar Environ Res ; 151: 104774, 2019 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31500813

ABSTRACT

A multimetric approach was used to detect structural, compositional, and functional shifts in the underlying macrobenthic communities of an offshore mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farm in a Portuguese Aquaculture Production Area. Sampling stations distributed inside and outside this area were used to evaluate sediment descriptors and macrobenthic samples collected before (April and September 2010) and after (June and September 2014) the initiation of mussel farming. Sediment fine fraction, organic matter content, and trace element concentrations were found to increase with depth, independently from the mussel farm. Moreover, the structure and composition of the macrobenthic communities were likewise structured by depth. Turnover was the dominant temporal and spatial pattern of beta diversity for all communities. Furthermore, the functional diversity of these communities was unaffected by the mussel farm. These results suggested that an offshore profile allowed hydrodynamic conditions to weaken the impact of mussel farming and highlighted the importance of conducting an integrative multimetric analysis when studying aquaculture impacts on benthic communities.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture , Mytilus , Animals , Ecosystem , Geologic Sediments , Seafood
4.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 12(1): 23-27, ene. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869152

ABSTRACT

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a usual therapy for the management of critically ill children. However its inappropriate use can produce lung injury. Today, the evidence recommends protective ventilation such as strategie low tidal volumes (VT) that minimize injury and thus, high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) would have a theoretical role. HFOV allows gas exchange using low tidal volumes (1 – 2 ml/kg) and supraphysiologic respiratory frequencies. In pediatrics it comprises 3 – 30 percent of mechanically ventilated patients, most of the time as a rescue therapy in refractory respiratory failure cases where conventional mechanical ventilation fails. Many aspects of HFVO in children remain unclear, theoretical benefits has no solid clinical basis, when is the best time to initiate (early vs rescue mode), which are the optimal settings, and how to monitor lung mechanics. This review examines HFVO theoretical bases, suggest recommendations for its use and considers the available evidence to understand the aspects that are still unclear.


La ventilación mecánica (VM) constituye un apoyo frecuente en el manejo de niños críticamente enfermos, quienes pueden requerirla por diferentes etiologías, entre ellas el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA). Sabemos que a pesar de ser un soporte vital, su uso inapropiado puede producir daño inducido por ventilación mecánica (DIVM). En la actualidad, la evidencia recomienda las estrategias de “ventilación protectora”, bajos volúmenes corrientes, que minimicen este daño y es ahí donde la ventilación de alta frecuencia oscilatoria (VAFO) tendría un rol teórico. La VAFO permite el intercambio gaseoso usando pequeños volúmenes corrientes (VT) 1-2 ml /kg y frecuencias respiratorias supra fisiológicas, con la consiguiente disminución del riesgo de atelectrauma, manteniendo el “pulmón abierto” y en la zona de seguridad de la curva presión-volumen. Su uso en pediatría oscila entre el 3 y el 30 por ciento de los pacientes ventilados, la mayoría de las veces como terapia de rescate frente a la falla de la ventilación convencional (VMC) en insuficiencia respiratoria refractaria. Muchos aspectos de la VAFO en pediatría no han sido totalmente esclarecidos; su efecto protector teórico permanece aún sin bases sólidas en el escenario clínico, quienes se benefician de su uso, cuál es el mejor momento para iniciarla (temprana o rescate), cuales son los valores óptimos del oscilador y como monitorear la mecánica pulmonar en VAFO. La presente revisión pretende repasar los conceptos teóricos de la VAFO, formular recomendaciones para su uso y considerar la evidencia disponible que nos permitan dilucidar las interrogantes antes mencionadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/therapy , High-Frequency Ventilation/methods , Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury/etiology , Monitoring, Physiologic , Patient Selection , High-Frequency Ventilation/adverse effects
5.
Mar Environ Res ; 67(2): 89-99, 2009 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19131099

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess the potential effects of clam dredging and the subsequent recovery of the benthic environment. Two experimental areas located at 6 and 18m depth were established in order to analyse whether impacts and recovery of benthic environment are depth-related. Study areas were located within an area closed to dredging and two different plots were established at both depths. One of the plots was subjected to intense clam dredge-fishing, while the other was undisturbed and therefore used as control. Sampling followed a BACI design, with samples for macrobenthic, meiobenthic and sediment particle size analysis being taken by SCUBA divers from both areas before and after fishing stress. For both depths, impacts on the benthic environment were very low resulting in high recovery rates. Nevertheless, at shallower depths communities demonstrated a faster recovery. It was shown that depending on the faunal component used as a bioindicator, different results can be observed. Generally deposit-feeding organisms with scales or chitinous plates and vermiform shape (mainly crustaceans, polychaetes and ophiuroids), without external protection, were the most affected by dredging, while some polychaetes without external protection and with a carnivorous feeding mode seemed to be enhanced by fishing. The low level of perturbations induced by the dredging activities was comparable to the impact of surface waves on the bottom, as experiments were undertaken in wave-dominated environments. The coexistence of storm events during the study period proved to have similar or even more deleterious effects on the benthic environment. It appears that communities from hydrodynamic fishing grounds that are well adapted to natural physical stress are not highly affected by dredging.


Subject(s)
Aquaculture , Biodiversity , Bivalvia , Adaptation, Physiological , Animals , Conservation of Natural Resources , Environmental Monitoring , Geologic Sediments/analysis , Particle Size , Stress, Physiological
7.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 61(4): 218-22, jul.-ago. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-90084

ABSTRACT

En 365 niños nacidos entre junio y octubre de 1980, controlados en el Consultorio Andes, durante 1986 y 1987, se estudiaron la frecuencia, características y factores asociados a la introducción de fórmulas lácteas en el primer mes de vida. También se analizó, utilizando el método de la tabla de vida, la duración de la lactancia natural en los niños que no recibieron fórmulas comparándolos con aquellos que sí lo hicieron. En lo principal, 22,5% de los lactantes recibio "relleno" (82/365), indicado por personal de salud en 80% de los casos (66/82), presuntamente por bajo incremento ponderal. La introducción precoz de fórmulas lácteas influyó negativamente en la duración total de la alimentación natural cuya mediana fue apenas superior a 3 meses en estos niños contra 10 meses en aquellos que recibían exclusivamente leche materna al mes de edad. Las características de los niños y madres con mayor probabilidad de iniciar lactancia mixta precoz fueron edad materna de 35 años y más, lactancia anterior menor de 6 meses, ilegitimidad, primogenitura o número de orden cuarto hijo o posterior, peso bajo al nacer y hospitalización en la etapa de recién nacido. No mostraron influencia significativa el nivel de introducción, la ocupación, el deseo del embarazo, el estado de nutrición de las madres en el último trimestre de gestación, la duración del intervalo intergenésico, el tipo de parto, el sexo y la edad gestacional del niño. La edad de un mes podría ser crítica para la definición de la lactancia materna. El empleo de tablas de vida en el estudio de la lactancia natural puede ser de gran utilidad práctica


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Breast Feeding , Infant Food , Milk, Human , Maternal Age , Weight Gain
8.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 37(2): 119-23, mar.-abr. 1990. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-87410

ABSTRACT

Frente a todo paciente traumatizado se debe establecer inicialmente el índice de trauma. El diagnóstico de trauma abdominal complicado se realiza por el antecedente, el examen físico y por procedimientos diagnósticos auxiliares. Como norma se puede efectuar sutura primaria o resección y sutura primaria si se encuentra un índice de trauma mayor o igual a 10 y un índice de trauma abdominal menor o igual a 25; si han transcurrido menos de 12 horas del trauma; si la contaminación peritoneal es leve o moderada; si no hay hipotensión y el contenido de deposiciones del colon distal es leve o moderado. Si algunos de estos índices se encuentra alterado se puede efectuar la sutura exteriorizada del colon, sutura primaria y colostomía proximal, exteriorización de la lesión o bien resección y colostomía


Subject(s)
Humans , Colonic Diseases/surgery , Colon/injuries , Colonic Diseases/complications , Colonic Diseases/diagnosis , Colon/surgery , Prognosis , Severity of Illness Index
9.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 37(2): 135-8, mar.-abr. 1990. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-87414

ABSTRACT

El amplio uso de los drenajes pleurales en las diversas patologías del tórax (neumotórax, hemotórax, síndrome de ocupación pleural, etc.) implica el buen conocimiento de los sistemas de drenaje aspirativos y no aspirativos. Sus complicaciones están dadas por la infección, la obstrucción, la hemorragia y la filtración. Para un buen manejo del drenaje pleural es importante capacitar al personal, mantener el sistema bajo asepsia rigurosa y si el procedimiento no funciona, cambiar todo el sistema, incluído el tubo de drenaje pleural


Subject(s)
Humans , Drainage , Pleural Diseases/therapy , Empyema/therapy , Hemopneumothorax/therapy , Pleura/injuries , Chylothorax/therapy
10.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 37(1): 37-40, ene.-feb. 1990. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-82640

ABSTRACT

El acceso venoso central es un procedimiento de rutina en el campo de la Medicina de urgencia o intensiva. Sus indicaciones en situaciones de urgencia son el paro circulatorio y el shock y en situaciones programables cuando se desea medir la presión venosa central, la cateterización cardiopulmonar y alimentación parenteral, etc. La vía de acceso puede ser central o periférica, verificando la posición del catéter por estudio radiológico. Sus contraindicaciones están dadas por el enfisema pulmonar, la mediastinitis, la esofagitis, las deformaciones de tórax, las infecciones locales. Las complicaciones resultan de la punción con lesión de arteria, nervio y hematomas. A consecuencia del catéter suelen producirse hemotórax, extrasistolias, perforación miocárdica y embolias. Para prevenir la morbilidad es necesario que la indicación deba ser clara y precisa; la elección de una vía adecuada; una punción atraumática con técnica aséptica y el control radiológico de la punta del catéter


Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization , Vena Cava, Superior
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...