ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Brazil ranks second in the absolute number of transplantations in the world. Despite improvements in graft survival, many patients will progress to graft loss and return to dialysis. Concerns exist regarding adverse clinical outcomes in this population when undergone peritoneal dialysis (PD). OBJECTIVE: To compare the occurrence of mortality, technique failure, and peritonitis among incident patients in PD coming from either Tx or pre-dialysis treatment. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study in which 47 adult patients with Tx failure (Tx group) were matched for age, gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), modality and start year of PD, with 1:1 predialysis patient (nTx group). The Fine-Gray competing risk model was used to analyze mortality and technique failure. RESULTS: Compared to nTx, the Tx group had a lower body mass index, serum potassium, and albumin concentrations. A higher ferritin level, transferrin saturation and the number of patients with positive serology for viral hepatitis were also observed in the Tx group. In the multivariate analysis, patients of the Tx group had 4.4-times higher risk of death (p = 0.007), with infection as the main cause. Technique failure and peritonitis were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Previous Tx is a risk factor for mortality but not for technique failure or peritonitis in incident patients on a PD program.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Peritoneal Dialysis , Peritonitis/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Body Mass Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Graft Rejection/complications , Graft Rejection/epidemiology , Graft Rejection/pathology , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Peritonitis/complications , Peritonitis/therapy , Risk Factors , Survival RateABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. The prevalence of CKD is rising especially in elderly, as consequence of population-ageing related to socioeconomic development and better life expectancy. There are scarce studies evaluating CKD progression and its associated factors in elderly patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study including 340 patients (≥ 65 years old) CKD stages 3a-5 non-dialysis, incidents in an outpatient CKD clinic, followed by 2.1 years. CKD progression was assessed by the slope of eGFR calculated by CKD-EPI and BIS 1 equations. The patients were divided in progressor and non-progressor groups (eGFR slope < or ≥ 0 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, respectively). RESULTS: Kidney function declined in 193 (57%) patients. In this group, the progression rate was -2.83 (-5.1 / -1.1) mL /min /1.73 m2 /year. Compared to non progressor, the progressor patients were younger [72 (69-78) vs. 76 (69-80) years; p = 0.02]; had higher proportion of diabetic nephropathy, higher serum phosphorus [3.8 (3.3-4.1) vs. 3.5 (3.9-4.1) mg/dL; p = 0.04] and proteinuria [0.10 (0-0.9 vs. 0 (0-0.3)] g/L; p = 0.007)] at the admission. In the logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender and eGFR, proteinuria was independently associated with CKD progression [OR (Odds Ratio) (1.83; 95% CI, 1.17-2.86; p < 0.01)]. CONCLUSION: CKD progression was observed in the majority of elderly CKD patients and proteinuria was the most important factor associated to the decline of kidney function in this population.
Subject(s)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Male , Proteinuria/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathologyABSTRACT
We observed a case of recombinant human erythropoietin resistance caused by Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia in a 40-year-old female with ESRD on hemodialysis. Some associated factors such as autoimmune disease, hemolysis, heart and liver disease were discarded on physical examination and complementary tests. The diagnosis is based on the clinical history and endoscopic appearance of watermelon stomach. The histologic findings are fibromuscular proliferation and capillary ectasia with microvascular thrombosis of the lamina propria. However, these histologic findings are not necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia is a serious condition and should be considered in ESRD patients on hemodialysis with anemia and resistance to recombinant human erythropoietin because GAVE is potentially curable with specific endoscopic treatment method or through surgical procedure.
Subject(s)
Anemia/complications , Anemia/drug therapy , Erythropoietin/therapeutic use , Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Adult , Drug Resistance , Female , HumansABSTRACT
We observed a case of recombinant human erythropoietin resistance caused by Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia in a 40-year-old female with ESRD on hemodialysis. Some associated factors such as autoimmune disease, hemolysis, heart and liver disease were discarded on physical examination and complementary tests. The diagnosis is based on the clinical history and endoscopic appearance of watermelon stomach. The histologic findings are fibromuscular proliferation and capillary ectasia with microvascular thrombosis of the lamina propria. However, these histologic findings are not necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia is a serious condition and should be considered in ESRD patients on hemodialysis with anemia and resistance to recombinant human erythropoietin because GAVE is potentially curable with specific endoscopic treatment method or through surgical procedure.
Subject(s)
Anemia/drug therapy , Anemia/etiology , Erythropoietin/therapeutic use , Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Adult , Drug Resistance , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Abstract We observed a case of recombinant human erythropoietin resistance caused by Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia in a 40-year-old female with ESRD on hemodialysis. Some associated factors such as autoimmune disease, hemolysis, heart and liver disease were discarded on physical examination and complementary tests. The diagnosis is based on the clinical history and endoscopic appearance of watermelon stomach. The histologic findings are fibromuscular proliferation and capillary ectasia with microvascular thrombosis of the lamina propria. However, these histologic findings are not necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia is a serious condition and should be considered in ESRD patients on hemodialysis with anemia and resistance to recombinant human erythropoietin because GAVE is potentially curable with specific endoscopic treatment method or through surgical procedure.
Resumo Observou-se um caso de resistência à eritropoetina recombinante humana causada por Ectasia Vascular Antral Gástrica em uma mulher de 40 anos de idade, com doença renal terminal em hemodiálise. Alguns fatores associados, tais como a doença autoimune, hemólise, doenças cardíacas e hepáticas foram descartados no exame físico e exames complementares. O diagnóstico é baseado na história clínica e aspecto endoscópico de estômago em melancia. Os achados histológicos são proliferação fibromuscular e ectasia capilar com trombose microvascular da lâmina própria. No entanto, esses achados histológicos não são necessários para confirmar o diagnóstico. Ectasia Vascular Antral Gástrica é uma condição séria e deve ser considerada em pacientes com insuficiência renal terminal em hemodiálise com anemia refratária e resistência à eritropoetina humana recombinante porque é potencialmente curável com o método de tratamento endoscópico específico ou através de procedimento cirúrgico.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Anemia/drug therapy , Anemia/etiology , Erythropoietin/therapeutic use , Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Drug ResistanceABSTRACT
Pericardial fat (PF) a component of visceral adipose tissue has been consistently related to coronary atherosclerosis in the general population. This study evaluated the association between PF and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This is a post-hoc cross sectional analysis of the baseline of a prospective cohort of 117 outward CKD patients without manifest coronary artery disease (age, 56.9 ± 11.0 years, 64.1% males, 95.1% hypertensives, 25.2% diabetics, 15.5% ever smokers, CKD stage 2 to 5 with estimated glomerular filtration rate 36.8 ± 18.1 ml/min). CAC scores, PF volume and abdominal visceral fat (AVF) areas were measured by computed tomography. The association of PF as a continuous variable with the presence of CAC was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. CAC (calcium score > 0) was present in 59.2% patients. Those presenting CAC were on average 10 years older, had a higher proportion of male gender (78.7% vs. 42.9%, p < 0.001), and had higher values of waist circumference (95.9 ± 10.7 vs. 90.2 ± 13.2 cm, p = 0.02), PF volumes (224.8 ± 107.6 vs. 139.1 ± 85.0 cm3, p<0.01) and AVF areas (109.2 ± 81.5 vs. 70.2 ± 62.9 cm2, p = 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, smoking and, left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, PF was significantly associated with the presence of CAC (OR: 1.88 95% CI: 1.03-3.43 per standard deviation). PF remained associated with CAC even with additional adjustments for estimated glomerular filtration rate or serum phosphorus (OR: 1.85 95% CI: 1.00-3.42, p = 0.05). PF is independently associated with CAC in non-dialysis dependent CKD patients.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease , Pericardium , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Vascular Calcification , Adipose Tissue , Adult , Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology , Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Vessels/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pericardium/diagnostic imaging , Pericardium/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Radiography , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnostic imaging , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Sex Characteristics , Vascular Calcification/diagnostic imaging , Vascular Calcification/etiology , Vascular Calcification/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The authors of this "fast reading" present the data they have considered as more relevant in the KDIGO 2012 as concerned to evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. The text does not correspond to their opinion, it is a brief presentation of guidelines that could be useful in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Humans , Practice Guidelines as TopicABSTRACT
Os autores desta "leitura rápida" apresentam os dados que consideraram mais relevantes na versão 2012 do KDIGO referente à avaliação e manuseio da doença renal crônica. Não se trata da opinião dos autores, mas sim de uma apresentação mais concisa das diretrizes, que podem ser úteis na prática clínica.
The authors of this "fast reading" present the data they have considered as more relevant in the KDIGO 2012 as concerned to evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. The text does not correspond to their opinion, it is a brief presentation of guidelines that could be useful in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Practice Guidelines as TopicABSTRACT
Texto que compõe a unidade 1 do módulo "Análise epidemiológica da doença renal" do Curso de Especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda a prevalência e incidência da DRC na população, os impactos causados pelo alto custo da terapia renal substitutiva e os prejuízos psicossociais gerados ao paciente. Além disso, discute as estratégias de prevenção da rápida progressão para estágios avançados da doença.
Subject(s)
Nephrology , Kidney Diseases , KidneyABSTRACT
Este material compõe o Curso de Especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar (Módulo 3, Unidade 1), produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Trata-se de um recurso educacional interativo que apresenta as principais causas da Doença Renal Crônica e o panorama da DRC nos últimos 20 anos no mundo.
Subject(s)
Kidney Diseases , Nephrology , Renal Insufficiency , Kidney Failure, ChronicABSTRACT
Este material compõe o Curso de Especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar (Módulo 3), produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Trata-se de um vídeo que apresenta um caso clínico relacionado à Doença Renal Crônica (DRC), onde, através de um personagem fictício será possível analisar qual a conduta profissional necessária para a situação.
Subject(s)
Nephrology , Kidney Diseases , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Renal Insufficiency, ChronicABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre a transfusão de hemácias e os níveis séricos de Fas solúvel, eritropoietina e citocinas inflamatórias em pacientes gravemente enfermos, com e sem insuficiência renal aguda. MÉTODOS: Os seguintes grupos foram estudados: pacientes gravemente enfermos com insuficiência renal aguda (n=30) e sem insuficiência renal aguda (n=13), pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica terminal em hemodiálise (n=25) e indivíduos saudáveis (n=21). Os níveis séricos de Fas solúvel, eritropoietina, interleucina 6, interleucina 10 e ferro, além da concentração de hemoglobina e de hematócrito, foram analisados em todos os grupos. A associação entre tais variáveis foram estudadas nos pacientes gravemente enfermos. RESULTADOS: Os níveis séricos de eritropoietina mostraram-se mais elevados nos pacientes gravemente enfermos do que nos dos demais grupos. Concentrações mais baixas de hemoglobina foram documentadas nos pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda em relação aos demais. Níveis séricos mais elevados de Fas solúvel foram observados nos pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda e doença renal crônica terminal. Pacientes gravemente enfermos transfundidos apresentaram níveis séricos mais elevados de Fas solúvel (5.906±2.047 e 1.920±1.060; p<0,001), interleucina 6 (518±537 e 255±502; p=0,02), interleucina 10 (35,8±30,7 e 18,5±10,9; p=0,02) e ferro, além de maior mortalidade em 28 dias. Os níveis séricos de Fas solúvel mostraram-se independentemente associados ao número de transfusões (p=0,02). O nível sérico de Fas solúvel foi um preditor independente da necessidade de transfusão de hemácias em pacientes gravemente enfermos (p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: O nível sérico de Fas solúvel é um preditor independente da necessidade de transfusão de hemácias em pacientes gravemente enfermos, com ou sem insuficiência renal aguda. Mais estudos clínicos e laboratoriais são necessários para confirmar tal resultado.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between the need for red blood cell transfusion and serum levels of soluble-Fas, erythropoietin and inflammatory cytokines in critically ill patients with and without acute kidney injury. METHODS: We studied critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (n=30) and without acute kidney injury (n=13), end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (n=25) and healthy subjects (n=21). Serum levels of soluble-Fas, erythropoietin, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, iron status, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration were analyzed in all groups. The association between these variables in critically ill patients was investigated. RESULTS: Critically ill patients (acute kidney injury and non-acute kidney injury patients) had higher serum levels of erythropoietin than the other groups. Hemoglobin concentration was lower in the acute kidney injury patients than in other groups. Serum soluble-Fas levels were higher in acute kidney injury and end-stage renal disease patients. Critically ill patients requiring red blood cell transfusions had higher serum levels of soluble-Fas (5,906±2,047 and 1,920±1,060; p<0.001), interleukin 6 (518±537 and 255+502; p=0.02) and interleukin 10 (35.8±30.7 and 18.5±10.9; p=0.02), better iron status and higher mortality rates in the first 28 days in intensive care unit. Serum soluble-Fas levels were independently associated with the number of red blood cell units transfused (p=0.02). Serum soluble-Fas behaved as an independent predictor of the need for red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Serum soluble-Fas level is an independent predictor of the need for red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients with or without acute kidney injury. Further studies are warranted to reconfirm this finding.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , /blood , Critical Illness , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Erythropoietin/blood , Interleukins/blood , Acute Disease , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Exacerbation of chronic glaucoma or acute glaucoma is occasionally observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) because of anterior chamber depth changes during this therapy. PURPOSE: To evaluate anterior chamber depth and axial length in patients during HD sessions. METHODS: A total of 67 eyes of 35 patients were prospectively enrolled. Axial length and anterior chamber depth were measured using ultrasonic biometry, and these measures were evaluated at three different times during HD sessions. Body weight and blood pressure pre- and post-HD were also measured. RESULTS: There was no difference in the axial length between the three measurements (P = 0.241). We observed a significantly decreased anterior chamber depth (P = 0.002) during HD sessions. CONCLUSION: Our results support the idea that there is a change in anterior chamber depth in HD sessions.
ABSTRACT
Hypovitaminosis D occurs early in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well known. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the degree of hypovitaminosis D may differently affect blood pressure (BP) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in nondialyzed CKD patients. This study included 80 CKD patients with a creatinine clearance between 15 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and serum 25 hydroxivitamin D [25(OH)D] level <30 ng/ml. Patients underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, evaluation of CAC (multi-slice computed tomography), and laboratory evaluation. Two groups, based on the degree of hypovitaminosis D, were defined according to the median 25(OH)D value. Patients with severe hypovitaminosis D [25(OH)D <17.2 ng/ml; S-group) exhibited a higher systolic BP at all time periods (24-h, nighttime, daytime) when compared to patients with mild hypovitaminosis D [25(OH)D >17.2 ng/ml; M-group]. No differences were found between the S and M-group in terms of diastolic BP and the presence of coronary calcification. In the multiple linear regression analysis, severe hypovitaminosis D was a predictor of 24-h, daytime and nighttime BP after controlling for a number of confounders. The severity of hypovitaminosis D was associated with increased BP in nondialyzed CKD patients. The degree of hypovitaminosis D was not related to CAC, which was equally elevated in both the severe and mild hypovitaminosis D groups.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure , Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Vascular Calcification/etiology , Vitamin D Deficiency/physiopathology , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Registries , Severity of Illness Index , Vitamin D Deficiency/complicationsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is highly prevalent among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and its strong association with mortality has been recognized early in the course of CKD. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of rosuvastatin and sevelamer hydrochloride on the progression of CAC in nondialyzed CKD patients. METHODS: An open-label, randomized and controlled pilot study was conducted including 117 CKD patients (62% men, 56.9 ± 11.2 years, eGFR 36 ± 16.5 ml/min). Patients were randomly assigned to rosuvastatin (n = 38; 10 mg/day), to sevelamer hydrochloride (n = 38; 2,400 mg/day) and to control (n = 41) groups. CAC (by multislice computed tomography) and biochemical analyses were performed at baseline and after 24 months. RESULTS: At baseline, CAC was observed in 55%, 58% and 61% of patients in the rosuvastatin, sevelamer hydrochloride and control groups, respectively (p = 0.87). Calcium score at baseline as well as its absolute and relative changes during 24 months were similar among the groups. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was higher and decreased significantly in the rosuvastatin group (p < 0.01). The analysis adjusting for LDL-c showed that the drug regimens were not associated with the progression of CAC (drug effect p = 0.85; time-effect p < 0.001; interaction p = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with rosuvastatin and sevelamer hydrochloride may not delay the progression of CAC in non-dialysis dependent CKD patients.
Subject(s)
Calcinosis/drug therapy , Chelating Agents/therapeutic use , Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy , Fluorobenzenes/therapeutic use , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Polyamines/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Calcinosis/complications , Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Disease Progression , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Rosuvastatin Calcium , Sevelamer , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between the need for red blood cell transfusion and serum levels of soluble-Fas, erythropoietin and inflammatory cytokines in critically ill patients with and without acute kidney injury. METHODS: We studied critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (n=30) and without acute kidney injury (n=13), end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (n=25) and healthy subjects (n=21). Serum levels of soluble-Fas, erythropoietin, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, iron status, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration were analyzed in all groups. The association between these variables in critically ill patients was investigated. RESULTS: Critically ill patients (acute kidney injury and non-acute kidney injury patients) had higher serum levels of erythropoietin than the other groups. Hemoglobin concentration was lower in the acute kidney injury patients than in other groups. Serum soluble-Fas levels were higher in acute kidney injury and end-stage renal disease patients. Critically ill patients requiring red blood cell transfusions had higher serum levels of soluble-Fas (5,906±2,047 and 1,920±1,060; p<0.001), interleukin 6 (518±537 and 255+502; p=0.02) and interleukin 10 (35.8±30.7 and 18.5±10.9; p=0.02), better iron status and higher mortality rates in the first 28 days in intensive care unit. Serum soluble-Fas levels were independently associated with the number of red blood cell units transfused (p=0.02). Serum soluble-Fas behaved as an independent predictor of the need for red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Serum soluble-Fas level is an independent predictor of the need for red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients with or without acute kidney injury. Further studies are warranted to reconfirm this finding.
Subject(s)
Critical Illness , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Erythropoietin/blood , Interleukins/blood , fas Receptor/blood , Acute Disease , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The Nutrition Committee of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (SBN) held in 2010 the first Brazilian Nutrition Census in hemodialysis patients. Multicenter data contribute to clinical development and nutritional intervention. OBJECTIVE: To describe epidemiological and nutritional aspects of hemodialysis patients. METHOD: Cross-sectional study in 36 dialysis clinics and 2,622 randomly selected participants. Socio-demographical, clinical, biochemical and anthropometric records were collected. RESULTS: 60.45% of the patients lived in the Brazilian Southeast. 13.53% came from Northeast region, while 12.81% from South, 10.33% from Midwest and 2.86% from North regions. Approximately 58% were male and 63.1% were below 60 years old. 58.5% of patients were married or in cohabitation. Around 80% of them depended on the government Unified Health System. Smoking showed a difference between gender and age. Presumptive etiologies were Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis (26.4%), Diabetic Nephropathy (24.6%), unknown/undiagnosed causes (19.9%), Glomerulopathies (13.6%) and others (11.2%). Both Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus affect approximately 30% of patients, especially over 60 years. Body Mass Index did not differ between genders, although it differed between age groups and when used different evaluation criteria. Men and women average waist circumference were respectively 90.5 and 88.0 cm. Lipid profile did not differ between age groups, but it did between genders. Albumin values were lower in women and in patients older than 60 years. CONCLUSION: This study characterized Brazilian hemodialysis patients in 2010, and may support further studies to monitor nutrition and epidemiological transitions of the population.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Nutritional Status , Renal Dialysis , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiologic Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular complications remain the main cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived protein that carries important cardioprotective properties. We aimed at investigating the determinants of adiponectin levels in CKD patients. METHODS: This prospective observational study included 98 CKD patients [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 36.1+-14.4 ml/min, 56.5+-10.4 y, 63% male, 31% diabetics, and body mass index (BMI) 27.1+-5.2 kg/m²]. Evaluation of adiponectin (imunoenzimatic assay), laboratory parameters, nutritional status (subjective global assessment), total body fat (dual x-ray energy absorptiometry), and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat (computed tomography) was performed at baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: Adiponectin correlated with GFR (r = -0.45; p < 0.001), proteinuria (r = 0.21; p = 0.04), BMI (r = -0.33; p < 0.01), and visceral fat (r = -0.49; p < 0.001). In the linear regression analysis, the determinants of adiponectin levels were sex (female ß = 3.8; p < 0.01), age (ß = 0.14; p = 0.03), GFR (ß = -0.15; p < 0.01) and visceral fat (ß = -0.04; p < 0.001) (R² = 0.41). After 12 months, a progression of the disease was evidenced by the reduction of GFR (-1.6+-6.3 ml/min; p = 0.01) and increase of proteinuria (0.3+-0.8 g/d; p < 0.01). An accumulation of visceral fat was observed, from 97+-73 cm² to 111+-82 cm² (p < 0.001), with a concomitant reduction of adiponectin concentration, from 27.6+-7.5 mg/l to 22.2+-11.6 mg/l (p < 0.001). Body weight, BMI, total body fat, and subcutaneous abdominal fat remained unchanged. After adjustments for the baseline determinants of adiponectin, the increase in visceral fat was independently associated with overtime decrease in adiponectin levels (ß = -0.04; p = 0.025; R² = 0.21). CONCLUSION: Age, sex, renal function and visceral fat were independently associated with adiponectin levels in nondialyzed CKD patients. However, variation in visceral fat was the only predictor of variation in adiponectin levels over 12 months.
Subject(s)
Adiponectin/blood , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: O Comitê de Nutrição da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN) realizou, em 2010, o primeiro Censo Brasileiro de Nutrição em pacientes em Hemodiálise. Dados multicêntricos contribuem para o desenvolvimento de condutas clínicas e intervenção nutricional. OBJETIVO: Descrever aspectos nutricionais e epidemiológicos de pacientes em hemodiálise. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal em 36 clínicas de diálise, 2.622 participantes selecionados aleatoriamente. Foram coletados: registros sociodemográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos e antropométricos. RESULTADOS: Dos pacientes, 60,45% era da região Sudeste, 13,53% Nordeste, 12,81% Sul, 10,33% Centro-Oeste e 2,86% Norte. Cerca de 58% eram homens e 63,1% tinham menos de 60 anos. Casados ou em união estável, 58,5% deles. Aproximadamente 80% dependia do Sistema Único de Saúde. O tabagismo apresentou diferença entre sexo e idade. As etiologias presuntivas foram nefroesclerose hipertensiva 26,4%, nefropatia diabética 24,6%, causas desconhecidas/não diagnosticadas 19,9%, glomerulopatias 13,6% e outros 11,2%. A hipertensão arterial e o Diabetes Mellitus acometiam aproximadamente 30% dos pacientes, principalmente aqueles acima de 60 anos. O Índice de Massa Corporal não diferiu entre sexos, embora tenha diferido entre grupos etários e quando utilizados critérios de avaliação distintos. A média de circunferência da cintura de homens e mulheres foi, respectivamente, 90,5 cm e 88,0 cm. O perfil lipídico não diferiu entre às faixas etárias, porém, houve diferenças entre sexos. Os valores de albumina estiveram menores nas mulheres e em pacientes com idade superior a 60 anos. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo caracterizou os pacientes em hemodiálise no Brasil em 2010, podendo subsidiar novos estudos para acompanhamento de transições nutricionais e epidemiológicas da população.
INTRODUCTION: The Nutrition Committee of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (SBN) held in 2010 the first Brazilian Nutrition Census in hemodialysis patients. Multicenter data contribute to clinical development and nutritional intervention. OBJECTIVE: To describe epidemiological and nutritional aspects of hemodialysis patients. METHOD: Cross-sectional study in 36 dialysis clinics and 2,622 randomly selected participants. Socio-demographical, clinical, biochemical and anthropometric records were collected. RESULTS: 60.45% of the patients lived in the Brazilian Southeast. 13.53% came from Northeast region, while 12.81% from South, 10.33% from Midwest and 2.86% from North regions. Approximately 58% were male and 63.1% were below 60 years old. 58.5% of patients were married or in cohabitation. Around 80% of them depended on the government Unified Health System. Smoking showed a difference between gender and age. Presumptive etiologies were Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis (26.4%), Diabetic Nephropathy (24.6%), unknown/undiagnosed causes (19.9%), Glomerulopathies (13.6%) and others (11.2%). Both Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus affect approximately 30% of patients, especially over 60 years. Body Mass Index did not differ between genders, although it differed between age groups and when used different evaluation criteria. Men and women average waist circumference were respectively 90.5 and 88.0 cm. Lipid profile did not differ between age groups, but it did between genders. Albumin values were lower in women and in patients older than 60 years. CONCLUSION: This study characterized Brazilian hemodialysis patients in 2010, and may support further studies to monitor nutrition and epidemiological transitions of the population.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Nutritional Status , Renal Dialysis , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: As complicações cardiovasculares permanecem como a principal causa de mortalidade nos pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica (DRC). A adiponectina é uma proteína produzida pelo tecido adiposo que apresenta importante propriedade cardioprotetora. O nosso objetivo foi investigar os determinantes dos níveis de adiponectina nos pacientes com DRC. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo observacional incluiu 98 pacientes [taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) 36,1+-14,4 ml/min; 56,5+-10,4 anos; 63% homens; 31% diabéticos e índice de massa corporal (IMC) 27,1+-5,2 kg/m²]. A avaliação da adiponectina (teste imunoenzimático), dos parâmetros laboratoriais, do estado nutricional (avaliação global subjetiva), da gordura corporal total (absortometria de raios-x de dupla energia) e da gordura abdominal visceral e subcutânea (tomografia computadorizada) foi realizada no início e após 12 meses. RESULTADOS: A adiponectina correlacionou-se com a TFG (r = -0,45; p < 0,001), a proteinúria (r = 0,21; p = 0,04), o IMC (r = -0,33; p < 0,01) e a gordura visceral (r = -0,49; p < 0,001). Na análise de regressão múltipla, os determinantes das concentrações de adiponectina foram o sexo (feminino β = 3,8; p < 0,01), a idade (β = 0,14; p = 0,03), a TFG (β = -0,15; p < 0,01) e a gordura visceral (β = -0,04; p < 0,001) (R² = 0,41). Após 12 meses, a progressão da DRC foi evidenciada pela diminuição da TFG (-1,6+-6,3 ml/min; p = 0,01) e aumento da proteinúria (0,3+-0,8 g/d; p < 0,01). Houve um aumento da gordura visceral de 97+-73 cm² para 111+-82 cm² (p < 0,001) e concomitante redução dos níveis de adiponectina, de 27,6+-7,5 mg/l para 22,2+-11,6 mg/l (p < 0,001). O peso corporal, o IMC, a gordura corporal total e a gordura abdominal subcutânea não se alteraram neste período. Ajustando pelos fatores associados à adiponectina, observamos que somente o acúmulo de gordura visceral ao longo do tempo determinou a redução nos níveis de adiponectina (β = -0,04; p = 0,025; R² = 0,21). CONCLUSÃO: A idade, o sexo, a função renal e a gordura visceral estiveram independentemente associados com os níveis de adiponectina nos pacientes com DRC na fase não dialítica. No entanto, a mudança da gordura visceral foi o único preditor das variações nos níveis de adiponectina ao longo de 12 meses.
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular complications remain the main cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived protein that carries important cardioprotective properties. We aimed at investigating the determinants of adiponectin levels in CKD patients. METHODS: This prospective observational study included 98 CKD patients [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 36.1+-14.4 ml/min, 56.5+-10.4 y, 63% male, 31% diabetics, and body mass index (BMI) 27.1+-5.2 kg/m²]. Evaluation of adiponectin (imunoenzimatic assay), laboratory parameters, nutritional status (subjective global assessment), total body fat (dual x-ray energy absorptiometry), and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat (computed tomography) was performed at baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: Adiponectin correlated with GFR (r = -0.45; p < 0.001), proteinuria (r = 0.21; p = 0.04), BMI (r = -0.33; p < 0.01), and visceral fat (r = -0.49; p < 0.001). In the linear regression analysis, the determinants of adiponectin levels were sex (female β = 3.8; p < 0.01), age (β = 0.14; p = 0.03), GFR (β = -0.15; p < 0.01) and visceral fat (β = -0.04; p < 0.001) (R² = 0.41). After 12 months, a progression of the disease was evidenced by the reduction of GFR (-1.6+-6.3 ml/min; p = 0.01) and increase of proteinuria (0.3+-0.8 g/d; p < 0.01). An accumulation of visceral fat was observed, from 97+-73 cm² to 111+-82 cm² (p < 0.001), with a concomitant reduction of adiponectin concentration, from 27.6+-7.5 mg/l to 22.2+-11.6 mg/l (p < 0.001). Body weight, BMI, total body fat, and subcutaneous abdominal fat remained unchanged. After adjustments for the baseline determinants of adiponectin, the increase in visceral fat was independently associated with overtime decrease in adiponectin levels (β = -0.04; p = 0.025; R² = 0.21). CONCLUSION: Age, sex, renal function and visceral fat were independently associated with adiponectin levels in nondialyzed CKD patients. However, variation in visceral fat was the only predictor of variation in adiponectin levels over 12 months.
