ABSTRACT
Fairs and petting zoos have been associated with outbreaks of zoonotic disease. Previously, the presence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was documented in commercial pigs; therefore, it was hypothesised that antibiotic-resistant S aureus may also occur in pigs exhibited at agricultural fairs. To test this hypothesis, 157 pigs were swabbed at two state fairs in 2008 to 2009. Both nares were sampled and cultures were grown in enrichment broth, then plated onto selective MRSA plates and blood plates. S aureus was confirmed using phenotypic and molecular methods, and was analysed using spa typing, gene-specific polymerase chain reaction and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The presence of S aureus was confirmed in samples collected from pigs exhibited at USA pig shows. Twenty-five of 157 (15.9 per cent) samples were positive for S aureus. Two isolates (8 per cent) were resistant to meticillin; 23/25 (92 per cent), 14/25 (56 per cent) and 15/25 (60 per cent) were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. spa typing revealed multiple isolates of spa type t034 (9/25, 36 per cent) and t337 (7/25, 28 per cent) and singletons of t002, t209, t526, t1236, t1334, t1683, t3075, t5784 and t5883. These results verify the presence of antibiotic-resistant S aureus in pigs exhibited at USA fairs, suggesting that pigs are a potential reservoir for S aureus within this environment.
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/microbiology , Animals , Animals, Zoo , Bacterial Typing Techniques/veterinary , Disease Reservoirs/microbiology , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Female , Male , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Prevalence , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Swine , Swine Diseases/drug therapy , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Several recent studies have indicated a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in retail-available meat. However, few studies have investigated MRSA in meat in the United States. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on meat samples available at retail stores. Samples of fresh raw pork, chicken, beef, and turkey were purchased from 22 food stores throughout Iowa. S. aureus strains were isolated from 27 of 165 samples, giving an overall prevalence of 16.4%. Turkey, pork, chicken, and beef had individual S. aureus prevalence rates of 19.4%, 18.2%, 17.8%, and 6.9%, respectively. Two isolates of MRSA were isolated from pork, giving an overall prevalence of 1.2%. One MRSA isolate was positive for the PVL gene. Common spa types included t034, t337, t008, and t002. These results suggest that MRSA is present on low numbers of retail meat in Iowa.
