ABSTRACT
Between 1990-1994, a total of 16,505 S. enteritidis strains of human, animal and food origin were phage-typed, using the Hungarian scheme and the changes of incidence of the dominant phage types were monitored. The incidence of PT1 (corresponding to Ward's PT1 was very high between 1990 and 1992 (67.9-71.0% of the total S. enteritidis isolates), later, it decreased. The prevalence of PT6 (corresponding to Ward's PT4) was rare until 1992, then it gradually increased. The phage type and plasmid content of 78 Salmonella enteritidis strains were determined. Small plasmids were present in 59% of the isolates, together with a serotype-specific (38 MDa) plasmid. A correlation was found between the presence of the small plasmid and phage restriction to two phages used for subdividing the Hungarian phage types 1 (PT1) and 6 (PT6) of S. enteritidis (corresponding to PT1 and PT4 in Ward's typing scheme, respectively).
Subject(s)
Plasmids , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology , Salmonella Infections/microbiology , Salmonella Phages/classification , Salmonella enteritidis/genetics , Salmonella enteritidis/virology , Animals , DNA, Bacterial , Humans , Salmonella Phages/geneticsABSTRACT
The incidence of E. coli causing hemorrhagic colitis (HC) or non-bloody enteritis in Hungary was studied using SLT-I and SLT-II gene-probes as well as Vero-cell toxicity and Verotox-F tests. Out of 41 E. coli O157 strains isolated in Hungary between 1987 and 1996 15 strains (O157:HNM 4, O157:H77 8, O157:HNT 3) derived from hemorrhagic colitis (HC). Hybridization was observed with SLT-I and/or SLT-II in 19 strains. Verocytotoxin production of E. coli of 23 other serotypes was proven by hybridization of DNA probes. SLT production were demonstrated in 24 strains. Complex typing (sero-, phage-, colicin-typing and plasmid profile analysis) was carried out in E. coli serogroup O157 strains isolated from different geographical areas. Using the Hungarian phages the E. coli O157:HNM, O157-H7 strains could be distributed into 6 phage groups each and these phage groups could be further divided according to colicin production and plasmid profile. The Hungarian phage typing method for E. coli strains used since 1978 was compared to the method elaborated in Canada in 1990. Out of the most frequent Canadian phage types (1, 4, 8, 31, 14) phage types 8, 31 and 14 were observed in Hungary.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Toxins/analysis , Cytotoxins/analysis , DNA Probes , DNA, Bacterial , Enterotoxins/analysis , Escherichia coli O157/genetics , Animals , Bacterial Toxins/genetics , Bacterial Toxins/toxicity , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Cattle , Chlorocebus aethiops , Colicins/biosynthesis , Cytotoxins/genetics , Cytotoxins/toxicity , Enterotoxins/genetics , Enterotoxins/toxicity , Escherichia coli O157/classification , Humans , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Shiga Toxin 1 , Shiga Toxin 2 , Swine , Vero CellsABSTRACT
O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGAT) activity was determined in macroscopically normal peripheral lung tissues from 122 patients undergoing lung surgery. AGAT activity of smokers was 1.4-fold higher than that of lifetime non-smokers (P = 0.030). Less than one year of abstinence from smoking did not cause a significant decrease in AGAT activity in former smokers, however, longer abstinence resulted in a decrease in AGAT activity to the level detected in lifetime non-smokers. There was no significant difference between levels of AGAT activity in lung cancer and noncancer patients. The results demonstrate that the level of AGAT activity in human peripheral lung tissue is influenced by smoking habits but does not have a diagnostic correlation to lung cancer.
