[A case-control study on dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in Morocco]. / Facteurs de risque alimentaires du cancer colorectal au Maroc: étude cas témoin.

INTRODUCTION: given its frequency and severity, colorectal cancer is a major public health problem. Diet plays a key role in preventing this type of cancer. The purpose of our study was to determine dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in our Moroccan context. METHODS: we conducted a case-control study including patients with colorectal cancer compared with controls. The statistical analysis of results was carried out using R software. RESULTS: our study included 225 patients treated for cancer at the Mohammed VI Hospital Center and 225 controls. The average age of our study population at the time of diagnosis was 55.49±14.06 years, including 119 men (52.9%) and 106 women (47.1%) with a sex ratio of 1.12. Associations were found between the highest intakes of red meats, cold meats, sausages and the risk of colorectal cancer (p = 0.0001) with F4 (4-7 times / week) vs F1 (never): OR = 4.4 (1.6-11.9); (p = 0.001), OR = 1.7 (0.5-5.7); (p = 0.003), OR = 5.7 (1.2-27.4)). On the other hand, consumption of fish was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (p = 0.0001; OR = 0.3 (0.11-0.7)), while consumption of poultry and grilled eggs was not associated with colorectal cancer. We also found that consumption of fresh vegetables and cooked vegetables was low in patients compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, a high intake of black coffee was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (p = 0.0001; F4 vs F1: OR = 0.2 (0.1-0.4)). CONCLUSION: our study highlights that dietary changes can prevent or impede the growth of colorectal cancer. It is essential to promote balanced diet, rich in fish, vegetables, fruits and fibers without exceeding recommended levels of red meat and avoiding cold meats and sausages.

[Epidemiological, nutritional and anatomopathological features of patients with colorectal cancer in the greater Casablanca region]. / Aspects épidémiologiques, nutritionnels et anatomopathologiques des cancers colorectaux dans la région du grand Casablanca.

INTRODUCTION: colorectal cancer is a major public health problem. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological, nutritional, clinical and anatomopathological features of patients with colorectal cancer at the University Hospital in Casablanca. METHODS: our case-control study focused on patients assigned to treatment for colorectal cancer in 2015 compared with a control group that didn't have cancer. RESULTS: the average age of our patients was 56.65 years, with a standard deviation of 14.64. The most common histological type of cancer in study patients was Lieberkhünien adenocarcinoma with a proportion of 82%. The analysis of the body mass index showed that 50% of study patients were obese vs 20% of patients in the control group and that 19% of study patients had diabetes vs 8% patients in the control group (p< 0.019). Moreover, the analysis of dietary habits in study patients compared to those of patients in the control group showed that the average frequency of weekly consumption of red meat was higher in study patients than in the control group (4.24 vs 3.26; p = 0.009) and , conversely, for the consumption of fish (0.97 vs 1.76; p = 0.0001). On the other hand, the average consumption of vegetables and fruits was lower in study patients than in the control group (5.00 vs 9.50; p = 0.0001). Concerning the toxic habits of our patients, 32% of study patients were smokers vs. 13% of patients in the control group. CONCLUSION: our results show that awareness about our dietary habits and changes in our living habits could reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer and therefore mortality and morbidity.

[Influence of socio-economic factors and education level on colorectal cancer in the Moroccan population]. / Influence des facteurs socio-économiques et du niveau d'éducation sur le cancer colorectal chez une population marocaine.

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer is a true scourge and a major public health problem. The main purpose of this study was to identify the impact of socio-economic factors and education level on the onset of colorectal cancer and of diagnosis stage in the Moroccan population. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of patients treated for cancer at the Mohammed VI center from January 2015 to January 2017. We interviewed, on a prospective basis and using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire, 225 patients and 225 eligible and consenting subjects. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 55.49± 14.06 years. In 53% of cases diagnosis was made at early-stage colorectal cancer while in 47% at advanced stage. In addition, a detailed analysis of the studied population according to the socio-economic status (SES), showed a proportion of 25.33% (patients) versus 17.33% (control) in the low SES group, while, equivalent rates (45.33% patients versus 45.33% control) in the middle SES group. In the high SES group, the rate of patients was only 16.89% patients versus 37.34% control (p = 0.0001). Education and SES were strongly correlated with diagnosis stage, with a significant difference. Then 36.44% of illiterate patients were diagnosed in advanced stage versus 5.33% of patients who had completed their secondary education level or university course (p = 0.02). Similarly 20.45% of patients with low SES were diagnosed in late stage versus 5.33% of patients with higher SES (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Our results highlight that the risk of developing colorectal cancer is strongly dependent on the education and the socio-economic status of patients. A more thorough investigation is needed to clarify the causes of this inequality.

Aspects épidémiologiques, nutritionnels et anatomopathologiques des cancers colorectaux dans la région du grand Casablanca

Introduction: le cancer colorectal constitue un problème majeur de santé publique. L'objectif de notre étude est d'analyser le profil épidémiologique, nutritionnel, clinique et anatomo-pathologique des cancers colorectaux recrutés au CHU de Casablanca.Méthodes: notre étude cas-témoins a porté sur les patients pris en charge pour un cancer colorectal durant l'année 2015, comparés à des témoins non suivi pour un cancer. Résultats: l'âge moyen des patients était de 56,65 ans avec un écart type de 14,64. Le type histologique le plus fréquent chez nos patients était représenté par l'adénocarcinome Lieberkhünien avec une proportion de 82 %. L'analyse de l'indice de masse corporelle a permis de retrouver une obésité chez 50% des patients contre 20% des témoins et un diabète chez 19% des patients versus 8% des témoins (p < 0,019). Par ailleurs, l'étude du régime alimentaire des patients comparé à celui des témoins semble montrer que la moyenne de la fréquence de consommation hebdomadaire de viandes rouges est plus élevée chez les patients que chez les témoins (4,24 vs 3,26; p = 0,009) et inversement pour la consommation du poissons (0,97 contre 1,76; p = 0,0001). En revanche, la moyenne de consommation des légumes et des fruits est plus faible chez les patients que chez les témoins (5,00 vs 9,50; p = 0,0001). Concernant les habitudes toxiques de nos patients, 32% des patients étaient fumeurs vs 13 % des témoins.Conclusion: nos résultats montrent que la prise de conscience à propos du régime alimentaire et des changements dans nos habitudes de vie pourrait réduire l'incidence du cancer colorectal et par conséquent la mortalité et la morbidité

[Accumulation of p53 protein and overexpression of the HER3 receptor in colorectal cancer]. / Accumulation de la protéine p53 et surexpression du récepteur HER3 dans le cancer colorectal.

In patients with colorectal cancer, nuclear accumulation of p53 is often associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Overexpression of HER3 is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy targeting EGFR. Our study was performed on 16 samples of colorectal adenocarcinomas. The pieces fixed in formalin were embedded in paraffin. The study of the expression of p53 and HER3 is performed by immunohistochemical technique. Immunohistochemical study of the expression of p53 showed nuclear accumulation of this protein in 87% of colorectal adenocarcinomas analyzed. Regarding the HER3 receptor overexpression was observed in 56% of cases. Overall, 50% of the cases co-expressed p53 and HER3. HER3 and p53 are important markers of colorectal cancer because they provide information about the distinctive biological characteristics of tumors. The prognostic and predictive value of the combination of these two markers could be an important clinical tool.