Direct transacylation of 2,2,2-trihaloethyl esters with amines and alcohols using phosphorus (III) reagents for reductive fragmentation and in situ activation.

Amides and esters have been synthesized from 2,2,2-trihaloethyl esters in one pot using phosphorus-(III) reagents as reductants, with resultant carboxylate activation as an acyloxyphosphonium intermediate, and in situ trapping by amine or alcohol nucleophiles. Secondary and tertiary amides were synthesized, including a dipeptide, in good yields using hexamethylphosphorous triamide (Me2N)3P, as reducing agent. Optimal yields of esters derived from primary and secondary alcohols were obtained using tributylphosphine and DMAP. Tribromoethyl esters provided yields superior to those obtained with trichloroethyl esters.

The media/information richness model as prescription for some health care service ills.

Because consumers are demanding more and better information from their health care providers, improving effectiveness and efficiency of communications is one way that health care providers can gain a competitive edge. The authors propose that health care communication effectiveness and efficiency can be improved by using the Media/Information Richness Model (MIR) in planning service delivery systems.