ABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To define 24-h characteristics of arterial blood pressure in healthy adolescent girls and boys; to determine gender-related differences of blood pressure, its circadian pattern. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 24-h blood pressure was monitored hourly in healthy girls (n=22, without no account for the menstrual cycle phase) and boys (n=22). Additionally, blood pressure of adolescent girls (n=15) was examined during different phases of their menstrual cycle (follicular, ovulation, and luteal). Blood pressure was monitored with an auto-cuff automatic outpatient blood pressure monitor. RESULTS: Investigation showed gender-related differences in 24-h blood pressure. Study results revealed the circadian blood pressure rhythm characterized by a period of low values during nighttime and an early morning increase in both adolescent groups. Nocturnal systolic blood pressure was higher (P<0.05) in boys than in girls in all phases of their menstrual cycle. Diurnal systolic blood pressure in boys was higher than in girls in their follicular phase (P<0.05). The day and night blood pressure differed between boys and girls (P<0.05). A dipping blood pressure pattern as a decrease in mean nighttime blood pressure as compared with mean daytime blood pressure was defined: 10.02+/-6.7% in girls (n=22) and 13+/-6.3% in boys (n=22), without gender-related differences (P>0.05). There were no differences in blood pressure dipping among girls' groups in different menstrual cycle phases (P>0.05). Adolescent boys showed a significant positive correlation between their mean diurnal blood pressure and height (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The study proved gender-related arterial blood pressure differences in healthy adolescents. The results demonstrate the gender-specific circadian blood pressure rhythm pattern in both gender groups.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Circadian Rhythm , Adolescent , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Body Height , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Causality , Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Humans , Hypertension/etiology , Male , Menstrual Cycle , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Systole/physiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To define peculiarities of urinary magnesium (Mg) excretion in diabetic adolecents; to elucidate gender-related differences in Mg urinary excretion; to determine urinary Mg excretion differences between diabetic and age-matched healthy children. The diurnal, nocturnal and 24-h urinary Mg level in adolescent boys and girls (aged 13-17 years) with type I diabetes mellitus (DM) and in age-matched control groups of healthy boys and girls was examined. Additionally the adolescent girls were examined during different phases of their menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Diurnal, overnight and 24-h Mg urinary excretion in diabetic adolescent boys and girls was significantly higher than in healthy ones. In diabetic boys 24 h Mg excretion was higher than in diabetic girls (4.59 +/- 1.4 vs. 3.34 +/- 1.5 mmol; p < 0.05). The investigation showed gender-related differences in Mg urinary excretion in healthy adolescents: 24-h Mg urinary excretion was significantly higher in boys than in girls (2.66 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.9 mmol; p < 0.05). The level of Mg in the nocturnal urine of boys and girls was significantly higher than in diurnal. Urine Mg was negatively related to height in adolescent girls. CONCLUSION: Diabetic adolescents excrete significantly more Mg with urine as compared to healthy ones.
