[Epidemiologic aspects of energy drink intake in Russian Federation].

Article examines the impact of 'energy" drinks that have become so popular in recent decades on people. As a research tool a short structured questionnaire was used. It included questions about whether the respondent used "energy" drinks and, if yes, how often; whether he/she had an experience of using it with alcohol; if one is informed about the affect of substances that are included in the drink on the organism; reason of using; the reason of debut consumption; primary feeling during and after consumption; primary feeling after taking a large dose of "energy" drink. Each respondent also pointed out sex and noted whether he/she wanted to learn more about "energy" drinks and effects of their use on the organism. Within 3 years of study 1377 people (682 men and 695 women) aged 12 to 42 were surveyed. The results showed that 89.0% of respondents consumed energy drinks in some to some degree, and from these 7.4% used it constantly (at least 1 can a day). 24,0% of respondents had an experience of taking "energy" drinks with alcohol. With that, the number of men who used "energy" drinks with alcohol, prevails over the same number of women: 60.3% (n = 199) and 39.7% (n = 131), respectively (p = 0.003). Relationship between age of respondents and features of using as well as effects of "energy drinks" was also statistically proven. The elder the group is the less is the number of responders who drinks energetics constantly (Rs = -0.88, p < 0.001), who knows about the affect of caffeine and other substances on the organism (Rs = -0.93, p < 0.001), who drinks energetics forced by desire to get new feelings (Rs = -0.78, p < 0.001), exams (Rs = -0.73, p < 0.001), who feels fatigue (Rs = -0.79, p < 0.001), and get headache (Rs = -0.8, p < 0.001), the more is the number of responders who noticed that the primal feeling after energetics drinking was rising of working efficiency (Rs = 0.76, p < 0.001) and excessive motional activity (Rs = 0.59, p = 0.01). Basing on the data obtained basic principles of reducing the rate of use of energy drinks program were developed.

[Orientation of university students to sources of information on rational nutrition].

In organization of sanitary education of students on issues of balanced diet it is necessary to be guided on positively perceived sources of information and forms of education. According to our data, the university student editions and health education carried out by doctors of policlinics, providing medical services to the students of the University are of most importance.

[Features of feeding behavior of students of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia].

The feeding behavior of students of Peoples Friendship University of Russia from 55 countries (557 persons) was studied by questionary method. Most students (83%) recognized the changes in nutrition after admission to the university. A quarter of students noted the ill health. The adaptation to the new nutrition type of at 12% per a year of study. About third (31%) rated their nutrition as good, 39%--as satisfactory, 20%--unsatisfactory at the moment of research. 80% of students broke a diet. About half of students (51%) regularly miss a breakfast, 34% and 15%--miss a dinner and supper. More than 60% of students eat hot meals not oftener than once a day. Insufficient consumption of fish, eggs and bean by students also was noted in the course of research. Irrationality of the educational schedule and the high prices for foodstuffs are leading causes of breaking of nutrition according to students.

[Comprehensive study of lighting at a higher educational purpose].

The visual fatigue-affecting conditions of the classes of a higher educational institute were examined in students. The authors determined the light level of working places and its compliance with hygienic regulations of the factors influencing the students' visual perception. They analyzed and identified avoidable causes of variance of the light level and conjugate variables. Guidelines for optimizing the light level have been developed, by taking into account the lowest required tangible cost. A program of organizational actions, which aimed at following the sanitary-and-hygienic specifications at higher school, has been worked out.

[The establishment of the MPEL for carboxylic acid derivatives in the air of a work area by using mathematical models]. / Obosnovanie PDK nekotorykh proizvodnykh karbonovykh kislot v vozdukhe rabochei zony s ispol'zovaniem matematicheskikh modelei.

Reports of MACs for carboxylic acid derivatives as sodium methoxyacetate (SMOA), methyl chlorpropionate (MCP) and acetoacetic ether (AAE). SMOA shows low toxicity, no cumulation and specific action MCP demonstrates moderate toxicity, low cumulation no specific action in concentrations close to Limac. AAE presents toxicity low in oral usage and moderate when inhaled, low cumulation, no irritation and sensitization. Tentative safe level of injury and MAC estimated for the aforesaid substances together with toxicity parameters compared with the substances studied before allowed the authors to set the MAC of SMOA--10, MCP--2, AAE--10 mg/m3.

[Effects of different functional groups of phenylurea compounds on indices of their toxicity and MAC in the air of work areas]. / Vliianie razlichnykh funktsional'nykh grupp v soedineniiakh fenilmocheviny na pokazateli ikh toksichnosti i PDK v vozdukhe rabochei zony.

Free-Wilson technique with the use of computer correlation-regression and dispersion analysis program made it possible to determine the importance of certain radicals and functional groups for the characteristics of the toxicity of phenylurea compounds. Specific contribution of different functional groups depending on their position in the molecule to the values of toxicometric indices (LD50, Limac, Limch) and MAC of those compounds in the air of the working area were determined. Summary contributions of radicals with their functional groups to the values of toxicity indices and MACs for individual substances of the phenylurea group was calculated. A possibility was shown to use the Free-Wilson technique for the rapid prediction of toxicity and hygienic standards for new phenylurea compounds in the air of the working area.

[Use of the sum of molecular radicals in regression analysis for predicting the toxicity and MPEL of organophosphorus compounds]. / Ispol'zovanie summarnogo vklada radikalov molekuly v uravneniiakh regressii dlia prognozirovaniia toksichnosti i PDK fosfor- organicheskikh soedinenii.

The sum of the organophosphorous compounds' radicals, as calculated with the Free-Wilson technique, provides the most informative descriptor in toximetric indices calculations for these substances in correlation-regression analysis. The resulting formulae can be used in the planning procedures for experimental activities in hygienic standards of these substances and working area MAC's elaboration.

[Toxicology and hygienic standardization of the new insecticide neopinamine]. / Toksikologiia i gigienicheskoe normirovanie novogo insektitsida neopinamina.

Proceeding from the experimental study of neopinamine insecticide toxicity its hygienic standardization was carried out. Since neopinamine had moderate toxicity under its acute and chronic effect and different routes of body intake, its accumulation was absent and its impact was selective in the occurrence of aftereffects, this preparation was attributed to the third class of danger. Neopinamine MAC in the workplace air was recommended at the level of 5 mg/m3.

[Mathematical prediction of indicators of toxicity and hygienic standardization of phenylurea compounds]. / Matematicheskoe prognozirovbanie pokazatelei toksichnosti i gigienicheskikh normativov soedinenii riada fenilmocheviny.

The relation between physical and chemical constants and toxicometric indicators has been used as the basis of mathematical simulation both of separate indices of toxicity and preliminary safety exposure levels of the compounds of phenylurea series, thus it becomes possible to apply the derived mathematical links for rapid hygienic norm-setting of new substances of the above group. Multiple regression equations have been derived for calculating LD50, Limac, Limch and MACs of phenylurea in the work zone air. The proposed approach to MAC substantiation provides the opportunity to predict MACs for similar chemical compounds in the work zone air with sufficient accuracy.