[Identification of yougui and jisheng shenqi pills with FTIR and EDS fingerprint spectra by new visual comparison].

FTIR combined with EDS fingerprint spectra was first applied to the identification of two kind of traditional Chinese compound formulae-Yougui pill and Jisheng shenqi pills, which have the similar composition The IR FPS of extraction of two kinds of pills extracted with chloroform were measured by liquid membrane method. The exclusively characteristic peak groups of these two kinds of formulae were theoretically established based on the Shapiro-Wilk W testing method,and the characteristic radicals and compound species corresponding to each characteristic peak were determined. Meanwhile, EDS fingerprint spectra of the two kinds of original powders were also measured which can reflect the element species and content information. Based on the three kinds of information (characteristic peak groups, radicals and compound species, different elements), Yougui and Jisheng shenqi pills were identified quickly, precisely and reliably. In this method, infrared fingerprint spectra possess the similar ability with chromatograph fingerprint spectra in identification of traditional Chinese compound formulae. The results show that the new visual comparison method is suitable for identifying traditional Chinese compound formulae with the same dosage-form and similar composition.

[Dual index grade sequence pattern recognition of extracts with ethanol of Mingmu Dihuang pills and Zhibai Dihuang pills].

OBJECTIVE: A new pattern recognition method suitable for traditional Chinese patent medicine was established in this paper, which is named as the Dual index grade sequence pattern recognition. METHOD: In this method the quality gradation was defined mathematically relying on normal distribution. By this way samples can be clustered and classified depending on which quality gradation is wanted, and the grading samples quantitatively relative to quality can be performed simultaneously. Especially, the redundant information with respect to pattern recognition hiding in dual index sequences of samples can be removed effectively by applying the good grade sequences, which make the pattern recognition results accurate excellently. This approach possesses the advantages of both supervised classification and unsupervised cluster methods. Samples can be clustered and classified at the same time without any standard samples, and the operation is accomplished based on the good grade similar sequences themselves being as the classifying marks. Moreover, the subclasses in each class can be identified more subtly. RESULT: The infrared fingerprint spectra of extracts of 27 kinds of Mingmu Dihuangwan pills and Zhibo Dihuangwan pills samples extracted with ethanol were analyzed with the method proposed in this paper. The results showed that these pills can be classified in their subclasses clearly, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Dual index grade sequence pattern recognition is a new and effective one for identifying complex biological products made from complex herbal medicines.

[Determination of inorganic elements in different parts of Sonchus oleraceus L by flame atomic absorption spectrometry].

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry with air-acetylene flame was used for the determination of inorganic metal elements in different parts ( flower, leaf, stem and root) of Sonchus oleraceus L. The contents of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb and Cd in the flower, leaf, stem and root of Sonchus oleraceus L were compared. The order from high to low of the additive weight (microg x g(-1)) for the 13 kinds of metal elements is as follows: leaf (77 213.72) > flower (47 927.15) > stem(42 280.99) > root (28 131.18). From the experimental results it was found that there were considerable differences in the contents of the metal elements in different parts, and there were richer contents of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in root and flower, which are necessary to human health, than in other parts.

[Dissolution and differentiation of phytochemical components from mixture of Radix Paeoiae Alba and Radix Glycyrrhizae with different ratios].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate dissolution properties among different components with various polarities and to distinguish these groups from each other. METHOD: Ultraviolet fingerprint spectra (UV FPS) of the components from Baishao (Radix Paeoiae Alba) and Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) with various proportions, extracted with chloroform, ethanol and water successively, were obtained. The analysis was performed on the absolute and relative absorptions of peaks in UV FPS. RESULT: Dissolutions in different rates and in synergy among chemical components were observed, by which different components can be distinguished. CONCLUSION: Dissolution kinetics and processes of the various chemical components from medicinal herbs are of great difference.

[Dual-index sequence analytical method for IR fingerprint spectra of the chloroform extract of Radix Glycyrrhizae].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a new method for the analysis of IR fingerprint spectra of Radix Glycyrrhizae. METHOD: Two indexes, common peak ratio and variation peak ratio, are used to compare the IR spectra of various Radix Glycyrrhizae samples, and the values are calculated by means of sequent analysis. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The dual-index sequence method provides a good approach to discriminate Radix Glycyrrhizae samples of different species and geographical origins.