Ligand effects in photoluminescence of copper nanoclusters.

Copper nanoclusters have attracted significant interest in the field of materials science due to their high abundance, complex structure, and unique properties. However, there is a limited amount of research on the relationship between structure and properties. In this study, we synthesized and comprehensively characterized two new Cu9 nanoclusters, [Cu9(PhSe)6(PPh2O2)3] (Cu9-1) and [Cu9(CH3OPhS)6(PPh2O2)3] (Cu9-2), in order to investigate the effect of ligands on photoluminescence. Both clusters have the same metal skeleton and similar distribution of ligands, with the only difference being the surface ligands (PhSe vs. CH3OPhS). Interestingly, the photoluminescence lifetime of Cu9-2 was found to be 3.2 times longer than that of Cu9-1. Furthermore, a notable Stokes shift (ST) was observed in the emission spectra of the two clusters. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed the formation of hydrogen bonds between neighboring clusters of Cu9-2, which influenced intramolecular interactions. Additionally, the methoxy groups in Cu9-2, acting as conjugated electron donors, promoted intramolecular charge transfer and π-π interaction. This study is expected to inspire further research on surface ligand engineering for controlling the properties of copper nanoclusters beyond photoluminescence.

Advances in Integrated Multi-omics Analysis for Drug-Target Identification.

As an essential component of modern drug discovery, the role of drug-target identification is growing increasingly prominent. Additionally, single-omics technologies have been widely utilized in the process of discovering drug targets. However, it is difficult for any single-omics level to clearly expound the causal connection between drugs and how they give rise to the emergence of complex phenotypes. With the progress of large-scale sequencing and the development of high-throughput technologies, the tendency in drug-target identification has shifted towards integrated multi-omics techniques, gradually replacing traditional single-omics techniques. Herein, this review centers on the recent advancements in the domain of integrated multi-omics techniques for target identification, highlights the common multi-omics analysis strategies, briefly summarizes the selection of multi-omics analysis tools, and explores the challenges of existing multi-omics analyses, as well as the applications of multi-omics technology in drug-target identification.

Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in China: Characteristics and Prediction.

OBJECTIVES: During the last decade, the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer in China has significantly increased. We analyzed data for the period 1991-2014 to investigate the distribution of mortality rates and predict trends for the next 5 years. METHODS: We obtained the pancreatic mortality data from the Chinese cancer annual report. Trend surface analysis was applied to study the geographical distribution. We used curve estimation, time series, grey box modeling, and joinpoint regression to predict the mortality rate. RESULTS: Standardized pancreatic cancer mortality rate increased during 1991-2014 and might peak in the ensuing 5 years in China. The mortality rate was higher among elderly people and in urban and northeast/eastern areas than among young people and in rural and middle/western areas. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic cancer mortality shows an increasing trend, which is related to the socioeconomic development of China and the ageing of the population. Prevention strategies should be aimed at urban men 45 years or older, especially those residing in higher-mortality rate areas.

Colorectal Cancer Mortality Characteristics and Predictions in China, 1991-2011.

BACKGROUND: To identify the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer mortality in China during the period of 1991-2011, and forecast the future five-year trend. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mortality data for colorectal cancer in China from 1991 to 2011 was used to describe epidemiological characteristics in terms of age group, gender, and rural/urban residence. Trend surface analysis was performed to analyze the geographical distribution of colorectal cancer. Four models including curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling and joinpoint regression were applied to forecast the trends for the future five years. RESULTS: Since 1991 the colorectal cancer mortality rate increased yearly, and our results showed that the trend would continue to increase in the ensuing 5 years. The mortality rate in males was higher than that of females and the rate in urban areas was higher than in rural areas. The mortality rate was relatively low for individuals less than 60 years of age, but increased dramatically afterwards. People living in the northeastern China provinces or in eastern China had a higher mortality rate for colorectal cancer than those living in middle or western China provinces. CONCLUSIONS: The steadily increasing mortality of colorectal cancer in China will become a substantial public health burden in the foreseeable future. For this increasing trend to be controlled, further efforts should concentrate on educating the general public to increase prevention and early detection by screening. More effective prevention and management strategies are needed in higher mortality areas (Eastern parts of China) and high-risk populations (60+ years old).

Mortality Characteristic and Prediction of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in China from 1991 to 2013.

BACKGROUND: To analyze the mortality distribution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China from 1991 to 2013, to predict the mortality in the ensuing five years, and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mortality data for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe its epidemiological characteristics, such as the change of the standardized mortality rate, sex and age differences, urban-rural differences. Trend-surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of the mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were used to predict the mortality for the ensuing five years in the future. RESULTS: In China, the standardized mortality rate of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma increased with time from 1996, reaching the peak values of 1.45 /105 at the year of 2002, and decreased gradually afterwards. With males being 1.51 times higher than females, and the city had a higher rate than the rural during the past two decades. The mortality rate increased from age 40. Geographical analysis showed the mortality rate increased from middle to southern China. CONCLUSIONS: The standardized mortality rate of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is falling. The regional disease control for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma should be focused on Guangdong province of China, and the key targets for prevention and treatment are rural men, especially after the age of 40. The mortality of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma will decrease in the next five years.

Cervical Cancer Mortality Trends in China, 1991-2013, and Predictions for the Future.

BACKGROUND: To analyze cervical cancer mortality trends in China from 1991-2013 and forecast the mortality distribution in future five years (2014-2018), and provide clues for prevention and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mortality data for cervical cancer in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics and distribution, including the trend of the standardized mortality rate, urban-rural differences, and age variation. Trend-surface analysis was used to analyze the geographical distribution of mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were performed to predict and forecast mortality trends. RESULTS: In recent years, the mortality rate of cervical cancer has increased, and there is also a steady increase in the incidence from 2003 to 2013 in China. Mortality rates in rural areas are higher than in urban areas. The mortality dramatically increases in the 40+ yr age group, reaching a peak in the >85 yr age group. In addition, geographical analysis showed that the cervical cancer mortality increased from the southwest to west-central and from the southeast to northeast of the country. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate and the mortality rate are increasing from 1991 to 2013, and the predictions show this will continue in the future. Thus, implementation of prevention and management programs for cervical cancer are necessary in China, especially for rural areas, young women in urban areas, and high risk regions (the west-central).

Characteristics and Prediction of Lung Cancer Mortality in China from 1991 to 2013.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer mortality in China from 1991 to 2013, forecast the future five-year trend and provide scientific evidence for prevention and management of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mortality data for lung cancer in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe epidemiological characteristics. Trend surface analysis was applied to analyze the geographical distribution of lung cancer. Four models, curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression, were performed to forecast the trend for the future. RESULTS: Since 1991 the mortality rate of lung cancer increased yearly. The rate for males was higher than that for females and rates in urban areas were higher than in rural areas. In addition, our results showed that the trend will continue to increase in the ensuing 5 years. The mortality rate increased from age 45-50 and peaked in the group of 85 years old. Geographical analysis indicated that people living in northeast China provinces and the coastal provinces in eastern China had a higher mortality rate for lung cancer than those living in the centre or western Chinese provinces. CONCLUSIONS: The standardized mortality rate of lung cancer has constantly increased from 1991 to 2013, and been predicted to continue in the ensuing 5 years. Further efforts should be concentrated on education of the general public to increase prevention and early detection. Much better prevention and management is needed in high mortality areas (northeastern and eastern parts of China) and high risk populations (45-50-year-olds).

Liver cancer mortality characteristics and trends in China from 1991 to 2012.

PURPOSE: To investigate the distribution of liver cancer mortality as well as its developing trend from l991 to 2012, forecast the future five-year trend, and provide a basis for the comprehensive prevention and management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mortality data for liver cancer in China from 1991 to 2012 were used to describe characteristics and distribution of liver cancer mortality. Trend surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of liver cancer mortality. Curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression were used to predict and forecast future trends. RESULTS: The mortality rate of liver cancer has constantly increased in China since 1991. Rates in rural areas are higher than in urban areas, and in males are higher than in females. In addition, our data predicted that the trend will continue to increase in the next 5 years. The age-specific mortality of liver cancer increases with age and peaks in the group of 80-84 years old. Geographical analysis showed the liver mortality rate was higher in the southeast provinces, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, and southwest regions like Guangxi Province. CONCLUSIONS: The standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in China has consistently increased from 1991 to 2012, and the upward trend is predicted to continue in the future. Much better prevention and management of liver cancer is needed in high mortality areas (the southwestern and southeastern parts of China) and high mortality age groups (80- to 84-year-olds), especially in rural areas.