A Study on Environmental Factors for Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate.

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between environmental factors and nonsyndromic cleft of the lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in Yantai District, China. A retrospective case-control study was carried out. A total of 236 NSCL/P children were selected from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Yantai Stomatological Hospital between September 2013 and December 2016 as cases; 209 controls were chosen from other diagnosis in the same department during the same period. The 2 groups matched age and sex. The parents of participants were inquired regarding the risk factors, and the answers were filled in a questionnaire by physicians. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analysis the data. There was significantly increased NSCL/P risk with high maternal age (P =0.002), family history (P = 0.001), abortion history (P = 0.033), poor parental education level (P = 0.008), maternal smoking (P = 0.044), maternal alcohol (P = 0.039), common cold or fever (P = 0.035), drug use (P = 0.006), and maternal stress (P = 0.049). Reduced NSCL/P risk was found with folic acid supplementation (P = 0.005), adequate maternal age (P = 0.002), and high parental education (P = 0.001). The proper amount of folic acid, the appropriate age of childbearing, and the high education were the protective factors of NSCL/P, whereas family history, abortion history, drug use during pregnancy, maternal tobacco and alcohol, and maternal stress were the risk factors for NSCL/P in Yantai District, China.

[Evaluation of simulated mandibular models in skill training of implantology for dental undergraduates].

PURPOSE: To explore the effects of simulated mandibular models in skill training of implantology for dental undergraduate. METHODS: Pre-clinical teaching of oral implantology was implemented on simulation models for 51 undergraduates of grade 2013. Each undergraduate inserted a dental implant and took an impression in the simulation model under the teacher＇s guidance. After the training course, the scores were evaluated both objectively and subjectively. RESULTS: An average score of 91.6 was obtained in the course of oral implantology on simulated mandibular models. All students appreciated the teaching methods. They believed that training on simulation models could improve their learning interest and arouse their learning motivation. CONCLUSIONS: Simulated mandibular models are good tools in training of oral implantology for dental undergraduates education, which is worthy of wide application.

[Malignant ameloblastoma of the jaw: an analysis of 10 consecutive cases.].

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical and radiographic manifestations of malignant ameloblastoma of the jaw and methods for treatment. METHODS: 10 consecutive cases of malignant ameloblastoma were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Second Medical University between 1991 and 2003. All the cases were proved to be malignant ameloblastoma by surgical pathology and followed up for 1 to 8 years. This paper reviewed the clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of these 10 cases. RESULTS: Among the 10 cases of malignant ameloblastoma, 5 were female, 5 were male ,aged from 22 to 60 years. 4 cases were located in the maxilla, and 6 cases in the mandible.All the patients underwent partial mandibulectomy or maxillectomy combined with modified radical neck dissection or supraomohyoid dissection with flap repair at the same time. The follow up outcomes were satisfactory both in appearance and function without recurrence. CONCLUSION: Malignant ameloblastoma is a kind of low degree malignant tumors. Diagnosis is made by pathology. Operation is the only radical method of therapy.