[Progress of researches on anti-infective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate].

(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, which has shown anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-radiation, anti-mutant, anti-cancer and anti-fibrotic actions, and has shown improvements of diabetes, obesity, asthma, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system disorders. In addition, EGCG is reported to enhance the human immunity. Recently, EGCG has been found to play a vital role in infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The review summarizes the progress of researches on anti-infective properties of EGCG, so as to elucidate the potential role of EGCG in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

[Folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between folic acid supplementation and the risk of preeclampsia (PE). Methods: A total of 9 048 pregnant women were selected from the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in Taiyuan from March 2012 to September 2016. Among them, 882 pregnant women with PE were divided into case group, and 8 166 pregnant women without PE were divided into control group. Information on demographic characteristics, folic acid supplementation, maternal complications, and other factors were collected by face-to-face interviews after child birth in the hospital. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between folic acid supplementation and the risk of PE and the effects of pre-pregnancy BMI on the relationship of folic acid supplementation with the risk of PE. Results: Compared with nonusers, folic acid supplement users had reduced risk of PE (OR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.64-0.96). Folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy were negatively related with the risk of PE (OR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.49-0.81). Pregnant women who used folic acid tablets only or used both folic acid tablets and multivitamin containing folic acid had reduced risk of PE (OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.66-0.99; OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.49-0.85). No significant relationship was observed in the multivitamin group. Supplemental folic acid doses of <400, 400, and >400 µg/d were related with reduced risk of PE (OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.42-0.91; OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.66-0.99; OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.49-0.94). After stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI, pregnant women who used folic acid supplementation, those with pre-pregnancy BMI<24.0 kg/m(2) had reduced risk of PE (OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.59-0.96). However, no significant relationship was observed in women with pre-pregnancy BMI≥24.0 kg/m(2). Conclusions: Folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy were related with reduced risk of PE. Pre-pregnancy BMI might affect the relationship between folic acid supplementation and the risk of PE. Appropriate folic acid supplementation should be recommend for women with different pre-pregnancy BMI.

[Association of fat mass and obesity associated gene polymorphism with the risk of gestational diabetes].

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene polymorphism and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and provide clues and basis for the study of GDM mechanism. Methods: The case group of GDM pregnant women who delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March 1, 2012 to July 30, 2014 were selected, and matched the control group among non-GDM pregnant women by age, gestational age and residential address, and 324 cases and 318 controls were finally included. DNA was extracted and genotyped, and min P test and unconditional logistic regression model were used to estimate the relationship between FTO gene polymorphism and GDM. Results: At gene level, we did not find the association between FTO and the risk of GDM (P>0.05). After adjusted for family history of diabetes, pre-pregnancy body mass index and multiple comparisons using false discovery rate method, unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women who carried the rs11075995 TT genotype (OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.35-0.89), rs3826169 GG genotype (OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.35-0.88), and rs74245270 GA genotype (OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.98), GA or AA genotype(OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.50-0.97) had reduced risk of GDM. However, pregnant women who carried the rs74018601 GA genotype (OR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.07-2.12), GA or AA genotype (OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.06-2.02), rs7205009 AA genotype (OR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.18-2.86), GA or AA genotype (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.08-2.19), and rs9888758 AG genotype (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.02-2.00) had elevated risk of GDM. Conclusion: The polymorphisms of FTO gene rs11075995,rs3826169, rs74245270, rs74018601, rs7205009 and rs9888758 were associated with the risk of GDM.

[Association between maternal dietary intake and the incidence of babies with small for gestational age].

Objective: To investigate the relations between dietary intake during pregnancy and the incidence of their babies with small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: Data on demographics, dietary intake of protein, fat, and carbohydrates of the pregnant mothers during the first, second and third trimester, were collected. Information related to birth weight and gestational age of the infants were also gathered. A total of 8 102 women, who delivered their babies at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March 2012 to September 2016, were enrolled in this project. Among them, 961 mothers had infants with SGA but the other 7 141 of them having normal infants. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of dietary nutrient intake on SGA the first, second and third trimester. Results: We found that low dietary intake of protein during the first trimester and following trimesters during pregnancy were positively associated with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.534, 95%CI: 1.217-1.934; OR=1.268, 95%CI: 1.005-1.599; OR=1.310, 95%CI: 1.036-1.655). When adjusting for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, we found that when mothers were with a pre-pregnancy BMI less than 18.5 or with low maternal intake of protein during the first trimester, positive association with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.872, 95%CI: 1.033-3.395; OR=1.754, 95%CI: 1.125-2.734), was noticed. However, for mothers with a pre-pregnancy BMI between 18.5 and 24.0 or with low protein intake during the first trimester, significant association with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.465, 95%CI: 1.089-1.972) was found. Conclusions: Through our observation, maternal dietary intake during pregnancy seemed to be associated with the risk of SGA but the effects of dietary intake were different, according to the BMI of pre-pregnancy population. Early pregnancy appeares as the key period for dietary intake which may influence the SGA.

Jade-1: its structure, regulation and functions in the renal cancer.

Jade-1 is originally identified by the yeast two-hybrid system as a protein partner of von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) tumor suppressor, a well-known renal tumor suppressor. In cellular signaling pathways, many upstream Jade-1 regulators, such as pVHL, CK1α, PC1, and NPHP4, can control its activity by stabilization, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation. Numerous downstream effectors, including ß-catenin, AKT, p21, and Bcl-2, are well modulated by Jade-1, which mainly regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis. Jade-1 is also deemed to be a candidate of transcriptional co-activator associated with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. This review focuses on the anticancer role of Jade-1 in clear cell renal carcinoma and the inhibitory effect of Jade-1 on cystic renal diseases. This review aims to provide a basis of disease prevention or therapy.