[Effect of Petroleum Ether Extract of Rhizoma Amorphophalli on Biological Characteristics of K562 Cells and Its Mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of petroleum ether extract of Rhizoma Amorphophalli (SLG) in inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis and differentiation of leukemia K562 cells. METHODS: K562 cells were processed by SLG and PD98059 which was the ERK signaling pathway blocker. Then cell vitality was tested by MTT. Cell apoptosis rate and positive percentage of antigen expression related with differentiation were detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The proliferation activity of K562 was reduced by 50, 100, 200 mg/L SLG in a concentration dependent manner (r=0.9997). The apoptosis rate and positive expression rate of CD11b, CD14 and CD42b which were related with differentiation were raised by SLG, as well as the expression of pERK1/2, while PD98059 could reverse the promoting effect of SLG on apoptosis and differentiation partially. CONCLUSION: SLG can inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis and differentiation of K562 cells through ERK signaling pathway.

[Treatment of Sanders II calcaneus fractures via minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach].

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility and clinical efficacy of a minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach in the treatment of Sanders II calcaneus fractures. METHODS: From August of 2015 to July of 2016, 13 patients(totally 13 feet) with Sanders II intra-articular calcaneus fractures were treated via the minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach. The Böhler angle, Gissane angle and the length, width and height of calcaneus were compared between pre-operation and post-operation. The AOFAS ankle and foot scoring system of the orthopaedic ankle foot Association was used to evaluate the efficacy. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 15 months, with an average of 9.5 months. No incision complications occurred. The Böhler angle was increased from preoperative (18.82±5.11)° to postoperative(26.63±4.45)°(t=-4.16, P=0.000). The Gissane angle was increased from preoperative(111.07±15.36)° to postoperative (124.56±8.71)° (t=-2.75, P=0.011). The length, width, height of calcaneus were absolutely improved from preoperative(69.82±5.95) mm, (42.07±3.68) mm, (41.20±3.90) mm to preoperatively(72.61±5.46) mm, (39.10±4.02) mm, (44.03±3.33) mm. According to the AOFAS, 8 patients got an excellent result, 4 good and 1 poor, and the postoperative mean score was 88.2±5.9. CONCLUSIONS: The limited open sinus tarsi approach could be used successfully to treat displaced Sanders II fractures with less injury and effectively restored the surface of subtalar joint, however the method is not fit for the patients with comminuted fracture in lateral wall and great change in the length, width, height, varus and valgus of calcaneus.

Elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in human osteosarcoma and its association with tumor metastasis.

PURPOSE: Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is one of the several MMPs that is associated with malignant tumors of breast, colon, cervix and lung, where its expression has been correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the role of MMP-3 in metastasis of osteosarcoma has not yet been explored. METHODS: MMP-3 expression in 15 primary and metastatic osteosarcomas with case-matched adjacent non-tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. Further, MMP-3 mRNA and protein levels were also determined in osteoblast and osteosarcoma cell lines. Additionally, migration and invasion assays were performed in MMP-3 knockdown cells. RESULTS: MMP-3 was expressed in 86.6% (13/15) of the osteosarcoma patients and its expression was significantly higher in metastatic tumors as compared to the primary osteosarcoma tumor tissues. Furthermore, osteosarcoma cell lines showed higher MMP-3 expression as compared to osteoblast cell lines. siRNA-mediated MMP-3 knockdown in osteosarcoma cell lines significantly inhibited their migration and invasion properties. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that MMP-3 expression is deregulated in osteosarcomas and this potentially contributes to metastasis and might be a promising marker for the prognosis and therapy of metastatic osteosarcoma.

Elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in human osteosarcoma and its association with tumor metastasis.

PURPOSE: Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is one of the several MMPs that is associated with malignant tumors of breast, colon, cervix and lung, where its expression has been correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the role of MMP-3 in metastasis of osteosarcoma has not yet been explored. METHODS: MMP-3 expression in 15 primary and metastatic osteosarcomas with case-matched adjacent non-tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. Further, MMP-3 mRNA and protein levels were also determined in osteoblast and osteosarcoma cell lines. Additionally, migration and invasion assays were performed in MMP-3 knockdown cells. RESULTS: MMP-3 was expressed in 86.6% (13/15) of the osteosarcoma patients and its expression was significantly higher in metastatic tumors as compared to the primary osteosarcoma tumor tissues. Furthermore, osteosarcoma cell lines showed higher MMP-3 expression as compared to osteoblast cell lines. siRNA mediated MMP-3 knockdown in osteosarcoma cell lines significantly inhibited their migration and invasion properties. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that MMP-3 expression is deregulated in osteosarcomas and this potentially contributes to metastasis and might be a promising marker for the prognosis and therapy of metastatic osteosarcoma.

New fracture pattern focusing on implant fracture for periprosthetic femoral fractures.

PURPOSE: The Vancouver Classification System (VCS) for assessing periprosthetic femoral fractures has become universally accepted. The Unified Classification System (UCS) has expanded upon and updated the VCS and applied treatment principles to all periprosthetic fractures. However, periprosthetic femoral fractures accompanied by stem fracture after hip arthroplasty were not classifiable under the original VCS or the UCS. RESULTS: Our new fracture pattern is based on the periprosthetic femoral fracture as well as stem fracture after hip arthroplasty, and its treatment is dependent upon the stability of the proximal portion of the fractured femoral prosthesis. CONCLUSION: We believe that our new fracture pattern, a supplement to the VCS and UCS, is useful in the establishment of a therapeutic strategy for periprosthetic femoral fractures.

Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase as a biomarker for osseous metastases in patients with malignant carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Bone metastasis was common in patients with malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) as a biomarker in the diagnosis of osseous metastases in patients with cancers. METHODS: We searched the databases of Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Medline, CNKI and Wanfang to screen the relevant articles about the serum B-ALP detection in the diagnosis of osseous metastases in patients with malignant carcinomas. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were calculated by STATA12.0 software. RESULTS: Nineteen trials with 3 268 subjects were finally included in this study. The mean level of serum B-ALP was 41.50 ± 26.61 µg/L (216.90 ± 139.00U/L) in patients with osseous metastases and 14.49 ± 5.52 µg/L (103.30 ± 39.44 U/L) in patients without osseous metastases. The serum level of B-ALP was significant higher in the osseous metastases group than that in the control group (P < 0.05); The pooled sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of osseous metastases were 0.74 with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 0.62-0.83 and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67-0.89), respectively. The area under the SRCO was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.89). CONCLUSION: Serum B-ALP can be a promising biomarker for detection of osseous metastases in patients with cancers.

Expression and significance of MMP3 in synovium of knee joint at different stage in osteoarthritis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of MMP-3 in synovium of knee joint at different stage in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. METHODS: Knee synovial tissue were collected in 90 OA patients (the OA group). Patients in the OA group was divided into 3 subgroups: grade I subgroup (n=30), grade II subgroup (n=30), grade III; subgroup (n=30). Thirty patients served as control group. Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression of MMP-3 protein in the knee synovial tissue. RESULTS: MMP-3 protein was detected in all knee synovial tissue. The expression of MMP-3 protein in the OA group was significantly higher that in the normal synovium (P<0.05), and the MMP-3 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm. There was significant difference in the expression of MMP-3 protein between the grade I subgroup and the grade II, grade III subgroups (all P<0.05). The expression of MMP-3 protein was positively related to the severity of OA (r=0.912, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of MMP-3 protein are closely related to pathogenic mechanism of OA. It may be an important indicator of early diagnosis and the activity of the disease of osteoarthritis.