ABSTRACT
The enantioselective organocatalytic conjugate alkenylation of ß-substituted alkenyl benzimidazoles afforded ß-stereogenic 2-alkyl benzimidazole derivatives in excellent enantioselectivities. Chiral binaphthols were effective catalysts for promoting the nucleophilic addition of bench-stable alkenyl trifluoroborate salts under mild conditions, expanding their applications by utilizing C=N-containing azaarenes as activating groups. The synthetic utility of this strategy is demonstrated by conversions into several useful enantiomerically enriched benzimidazole building blocks.
Subject(s)
Benzimidazoles , Salts , Catalysis , Molecular Structure , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to observe the therapeutic effect of minimally invasive decompression combined with impaction bone grafting on osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A total of 67 patients underwent minimally invasive lightbulb decompression combined with impaction bone grafting. The therapeutic effect was evaluated according to Harris scores, and fluoroscopic and magnetic resolution imaging results at different time points. The Harris score was significantly increased after operation. The fineness rate was 85.4%. Postoperative disease progression was found in nine patients with the progression rate of 14.63%. The average necrotic area percentage was noticeably reduced 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after operation. The one-year postoperative percentage showed a significant difference compared with the preoperative one. Minimally invasive lightbulb decompression combined with impaction bone grafting can achieve a satisfactory curative effect on ONFH. This method has the advantages of small trauma, thorough decompression, and good bone implantation.
Subject(s)
Arthroscopy/methods , Bone Transplantation/methods , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Femur Head Necrosis/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Arthroscopy/instrumentation , Blood Loss, Surgical/statistics & numerical data , Bone Density/physiology , Bone Transplantation/instrumentation , Decompression, Surgical/instrumentation , Female , Femur Head Necrosis/pathology , Femur Head Necrosis/physiopathology , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Organ Sparing Treatments/instrumentation , Organ Sparing Treatments/methods , Pain, Postoperative/etiology , Postoperative Care/methods , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Surgical Instruments , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study functions of Jingu Tongxiao granule (JGTXG, treatmenting ache of bones and muscles) in antiphlogistic and antalgic aspect, invigorating the circulation of blood and absorbing clots and antitraumatic soft tissue. METHOD: Animal models of inflammation, ache, gore and traumatic soft tissue were adopted, and pharmacodynamic actions of Jingu Tongxiao granule were observed. RESULT: JGTXG could conspicuously restrain inflammatory reactions of mouse ear tumid model treated by croton oil tumid and rat foot metatarsus tumid model treated by carrageenan, and restrain pain responses of mouse caused with whipping back end method by heat stimulating and of mouse caused with wriggling body method by acetic acid being injected in its abdominal cavity. It could significantly improve petechia degree in traumatic rat blood stasis model, and prominently improve raumatized limb's tumefaction degree and alleviate blood stasis, swelling and phlogistic cell soakage in traumatic rat soft tissue model. At the same time, it could prominently restrain platelet aggregation and improve whole blood viscosity. CONCLUSION: Jingu Tongxiao granule has antiphlogistic and antalgic functions, invigorating the circulation of blood and absorbing clots and antitraumatic soft tissue, and it could keep curative effect of original dosage form.
Subject(s)
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Animals , Blood Viscosity/drug effects , Cinnamomum/chemistry , Cyperus/chemistry , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Ear Diseases/pathology , Edema/pathology , Hemorheology/drug effects , Male , Mice , Pain Threshold/drug effects , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To select the optimum extraction process of Zhanjin Ruji. METHOD: To observe influence of extraction time upon the extraction rate of volatile oil, the orthogonal test was adopted to observe the extraction process by alcohol from the extraction rate and content of the total saponins in Radix Notoginseng. RESULT: The three kinds of herbs including Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Resina Olibani and Myrrha were extracted with water for 3 hours, 95% of volatile oil can be distilled. The three kinds of herbs including Radix Notoginseng, Herba Lycopodii and Radix Gentianae Macrophyllac were extracted by alcohol. Four factors such as alcohol concentration(A), extraction times(B), extraction time(C), and solvent amount(D), had not significant effect on the content of total saponins in Radix Notoginseng in herbal extraction, but factor A and B had significant effect on the extraction rate. The optimum extraction process was as follows extracted with 5 times the amount of the solvent volum 60% alcohol for 3 times and with each time for 1 hour. Three times experiments showed that the extraction rate was 26.5% and the content of the total saponins in Radix Notoginseng was 17.28% mg.g-1. CONCLUSION: The above experimental results can provide experimental basis for deciding the extraction process of Zhanjin Ruji.
