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1.
Front Cardiovasc Med ; 11: 1450474, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39045001

ABSTRACT

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1385253.].

2.
Macromol Rapid Commun ; : e2400337, 2024 Jul 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39018478

ABSTRACT

Designing heat-resistant thermosets with excellent comprehensive performance has been a long-standing challenge. Co-curing of various high-performance thermosets is an effective strategy, however, the traditional trial-and-error experiments have long research cycles for discovering new materials. Herein, a two-step machine learning (ML) assisted approach is proposed to design heat-resistant co-cured resins composed of polyimide (PI) and silicon-containing arylacetylene (PSA), that is, poly(silicon-alkyne imide) (PSI). First, two ML prediction models are established to evaluate the processability of PIs and their compatibility with PSA. Then, another two ML models are developed to predict the thermal decomposition temperature and flexural strength of the co-cured PSI resins. The optimal molecular structures and compositions of PSI resins are high-throughput screened. The screened PSI resins are experimentally verified to exhibit enhanced heat resistance, toughness, and processability. The research framework established in this work can be generalized to the rational design of other advanced multi-component polymeric materials.

3.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38973109

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Efgartigimod, a neonatal Fc receptor antagonist, facilitates antibody degradation including pathogenic IgGs. The ADAPT study demonstrated the tolerability and efficacy of efgartigimod in the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG). However, very limited evidence is available for the Chinese population, and it remains inconclusive about which kind of patients are selected to preferentially receive efgartigimod in real-world settings. METHODS: This multicenter cohort study included gMG patients treated at 14 neuromuscular reference centers in China. The Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) score, immunosuppressants, and the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were prospectively collected. RESULTS: Of the 1640 gMG admitted between September and December 2023, 61 (3.7%) received efgartigimod for at least one treatment cycle. Among them, 56 cases (92%) were anti-AChR antibody-positive, 4 were anti-MuSK antibody-positive, and 1 was seronegative. Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis accounted for most cases (44%, 27 out of 61). The principal causes of efgartigimod initiation included MG acute exacerbation (MGAE) (48%, 29 out of 61) and myasthenic crisis (MC) (15%, 9 out of 61). Clinically meaningful improvement was rapidly achieved in 97% (58 out of 61) of patients at 1.3 ± 0.7 weeks. By week 12, the MG-ADL score reduced to 3.8 ± 4.1 (baseline:10.5 ± 5.2) for all participants, while it reduced to 4.0 ± 4.7 for MGAE and 3.8 ± 4.2 for MC, respectively. All but one TMG patient required no additional rescue therapies after efgartigimod initiation. 11.5% (7 out of 61) reported ≥1 TEAEs. INTERPRETATION: This multicenter cohort study demonstrated the efficacy of efgartigimod in rapid control of gMG. Patients with MGAE or MC would benefit from efgartigimod treatment.

4.
Int J Biol Macromol ; : 134010, 2024 Jul 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39032891

ABSTRACT

Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) as a probiotic component has the ability to regulate the function of the host's immune system. However, how the structure and function of heat-killed CPS are altered remains unclear. In the present study, CPS were isolated and purified from live (LCPS) and heat-killed (HCPS) Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 6235. The differences in structure and immunomodulation between LCPS and HCPS were compared and analyzed. The results demonstrate that after heat killed, the molecular weight of CPS decreased from 23.4 kDa to 17.5 kDa, with the disappearance of galactosamine in the monosaccharide composition, and changes in the microstructure. Methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that the LCPS and HCPS are similar in structure, which main units of →3,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Galp-(1→3)-ß-L-Rhap-(1→6)-ß-D-Galp-(1→, and repeating units of →3,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-ß-L-Rhap-(1→, and →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→ residues. Furthermore, both LCPS and HCPS significantly downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. Specifically, HCPS reduced the levels of IL-6 and IL-1ß by 79.38 % and 88.42 %, respectively, compared to LCPS. Concurrently, both LCPS and HCPS effectively mitigated inflammatory responses through the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, compared to LCPS, HCPS increased the protein expression levels of NF-κB/p-NF-κB and IκB/p-IκB by 26.14 % and 28.92 %, respectively. These results suggest that CPS has a role in modulating immune responses and that HCPS is more effective. This study can be further developed into new products related to postbiotics.

5.
Adv Sci (Weinh) ; : e2309440, 2024 Jun 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38889307

ABSTRACT

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and water electrolysis (PEMWE) are rapidly developing hydrogen energy conversion devices. Catalyst layers and membranes have been studied extensively and reviewed. However, few studies have compared gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in PEMWE and PEMFC. This review compares the differences and similarities between the GDLs of PEMWE and PEMFC in terms of their material and mass transport characteristics. First, the GDL materials are selected based on their working conditions. Carbon materials are prone to rapid corrosion because of the high anode potential of PEMWEs. Consequently, metal materials have emerged as the primary choice for GDLs. Second, the mutual counter-reactions of the two devices result in differences in mass transport limitations. In particular, water flooding and the effects of bubbles are major drawbacks of PEMFCs and PEMWE, respectively; well-designed structures can solve these problems. Imaging techniques and simulations can provide a better understanding of the effects of materials and structures on mass transfer. Finally, it is anticipated that this review will assist research on GDLs of PEMWE and PEMFC.

6.
Virulence ; 15(1): 2367671, 2024 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38910312

ABSTRACT

Viral diseases are among the main threats to public health. Understanding the factors affecting viral invasion is important for antiviral research. Until now, it was known that most viruses have very low plaque-forming unit (PFU)-to-particle ratios. However, further investigation is required to determine the underlying factors. Here, using quantitative single-particle analysis methods, the invasion of Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and influenza A virus (IAV) containing attachment to the cell surface, entry into the cell, transport towards the cell interior, and fusion with endosomes to release nucleocapsids were quantitatively analysed in parallel. It was found that for SFV with an PFU-to-particle ratio of approximately 1:2, an entry efficiency of approximately 31% limited infection. For JEV, whose PFU-to-particle ratio was approximately 1:310, an attachment efficiency of approximately 27% and an entry efficiency of 10% were the main factors limiting its infection. Meanwhile, for IAV with PFU-to-particle ratios of 1:8100, 5% attachment efficiency, 9% entry efficiency, and 53% fusion efficiency significantly limited its infection. These results suggest that viruses with different infectivities have different limited steps in the invasion process. Moreover, there are significant differences in attachment efficiencies among viruses, emphasizing the pivotal role of attachment in viral invasion. The influence of the virus purification method on virus invasion was also investigated. This study, for the first time, reports the efficiencies of different stages of virus invasion, leading to a better understanding of virus invasion and providing a protocol to quantitatively analyse the virus invasion efficiency.


Subject(s)
Influenza A virus , Semliki forest virus , Virus Internalization , Influenza A virus/physiology , Animals , Semliki forest virus/physiology , Humans , Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/physiology , Cell Line , Virus Attachment , Endosomes/virology
7.
Cell Biol Toxicol ; 40(1): 47, 2024 Jun 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38869718

ABSTRACT

Long noncoding RNAs play an important role in several pathogenic processes in diabetic nephropathy, but the relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in DN is unclear. Herein, we found that KIFAP3-5:1 expression was significantly down-regulated in DN plasma samples, db/db mouse kidney tissues and high glucose treated renal tubular epithelial cells compared to normal healthy samples and untreated cells. Overexpression of KIFAP3-5:1 improved renal fibrosis in db/db mice and rescued epithelial-mesenchymal transition of high glucose cultured renal tubular epithelial cells. The silence of KIFAP3-5:1 will exacerbate the progression of EMT. Mechanistically, KIFAP3-5:1 was confirmed to directly target to the -488 to -609 element of the PRRX1 promoter and negatively modulate PRRX1 mRNA and protein expressions. Furthermore, rescue assays demonstrated that the knockdown of PRRX1 counteracted the KIFAP3-5:1 low expression-mediated effects on EMT in hRPTECs cultured under high glucose. The plasma KIFAP3-5:1 of DN patients is highly correlated with the severity of renal dysfunction and plays an important role in the prediction model of DN diseases. These findings suggested that KIFAP3-5:1 plays a critical role in regulation of renal EMT and fibrosis through suppress PRRX1, and highlight the clinical potential of KIFAP3-5:1 to assist in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.


Subject(s)
Diabetic Nephropathies , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Homeodomain Proteins , Kidney Tubules , RNA, Long Noncoding , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics , Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics , Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism , Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism , Animals , Humans , Mice , Kidney Tubules/metabolism , Kidney Tubules/pathology , Homeodomain Proteins/genetics , Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism , Male , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/pathology , Glucose/metabolism , Glucose/pharmacology , Fibrosis , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Female , Middle Aged
8.
Front Cardiovasc Med ; 11: 1385253, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38903973

ABSTRACT

Background: Using a pig model of cardiopulmonary bypass, we compared outcomes after cardioplegia either with our in-house "Huaxi-1" solution containing natural blood and crystalloid or with the entirely crystalloid, commercially available "histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate" solution. Methods: Cardiopulmonary bypass was established in 12 healthy male pigs, who were randomized to receive a single dose of either Huaxi-1 or entirely crystalloid. All animals were then subjected to whole-heart ischemia for 90 min, followed by 2 h of reperfusion, after which myocardial injury was assessed in terms of cardiac function, myocardial pathology and levels of biomarkers in plasma, while levels of high-energy phosphate in myocardium were assayed using liquid chromatography. Results: Animals given Huaxi-1 cardioplegia required significantly less time to be weaned off bypass, they received significantly lower doses of norepinephrine, and they showed significantly higher levels (mean ± SD) of adenosine triphosphate (14 ± 4 vs. 8 ± 2 µg/mg, P = 0.005), adenosine diphosphate (16 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 2 µg/mg, P = 0.046), and total adenine nucleotide (37 ± 4 vs. 30 ± 3 µg/mg, P = 0.006) in myocardium after 2 h of reperfusion. They also showed less severe bleeding, edema and injury to mitochondria and myofibers in myocardium. The two groups did not differ significantly in doses of inotropic drugs received, cardiac output or levels of biomarkers in plasma. Conclusions: In this animal model of healthy hearts subjected to 90 min of ischemia, Huaxi-1 cardioplegia may be superior to entirely crystalloid cardioplegia for promoting energy generation and attenuating ischemia/reperfusion injury in myocardium.

9.
Psychol Rep ; : 332941241259370, 2024 Jun 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38831667

ABSTRACT

Scholars tend to believe that effective leadership contributes to facilitating employee work engagement. Based on social identity theory and self-determination theory, this study explored how empowering leadership affects employee work engagement through the mediating roles of organisational identification and workplace well-being. A sample of 3645 front-line employees in China participated in this study. A structural equation model analysis was performed to examine the hypothetical model. Sex, age, degree of education, wage income per month (RMB), and subjective social class were covariables. The results indicated that (a) empowering leadership was positively related to work engagement, (b) organisational identification and workplace well-being played a partial mediating role in the relationship, and (c) organisational identification and workplace well-being had a chain mediating effect on empowering leadership and work engagement. These findings advance the understanding of the effect of empowering leadership on employees' working attitudes and behaviours. They also contribute to potential interventions that boost employee work engagement.

10.
ACS Omega ; 9(24): 26316-26324, 2024 Jun 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38911736

ABSTRACT

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are subject to mechanical degradation, such as microcracks and pinhole formation, under real-world fuel cell operating conditions, which leads to great issues in terms of device death and safety concerns. Therefore, PEMs with self-healing features are imperative but have rarely been used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Here, a dimensionally stable and self-healing PEM is developed by tuning the hydrogen bond and dipole-dipole interactions between the mature perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) and a self-healing copolymer, which is specifically synthesized with hexafluorobutyl acrylate (HFBA) and acrylic acid (AA). This hexafluorobutyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer (HFBA-co-AA) is suggested as the key to improving the self-healing efficiency of the blended PFSA/HFBA-co-AA membrane. This PFSA/HFBA-co-AA membrane can recover 43.6% of the original tensile strength within only 20 min at 80 °C. This study may pave an avenue toward the development of reliable and durable PEM for fuel cells.

11.
Microbiol Spectr ; : e0411623, 2024 Jun 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38916334

ABSTRACT

Gut bacteria belonging to the Clostridium family play a pivotal role in regulating host energy balance and metabolic homeostasis. As a commensal bacterium, Clostridium sporogenes has been implicated in modulating host energy homeostasis, albeit the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of C. sporogenes supplementation on various physiological parameters, intestinal morphology, particularly adipose tissue accumulation, and glucolipid metabolism in mice. The findings reveal that mice supplemented with C. sporogenes for 6 weeks exhibited a notable increase in body weight, fat mass, adipocyte size, and serum triglyceride (TG) levels. Notably, the increased fat accumulation is observed despite consistent feed intake in treated mice. Mechanistically, C. sporogenes supplementation significantly improved the structure integrity of intestinal villi and enhanced energy absorption efficiency while reducing excretion of carbohydrates and fatty acids in feces. This was accompanied by upregulation of glucose and fatty acid transporter expression. Furthermore, supplementation with C. sporogenes promoted adipogenesis in both liver and adipose tissues, as evidenced by increased levels of hepatic pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and TG, along with elevated expression levels of genes associated with lipid synthesis. Regarding the microbiological aspect, C. sporogenes supplementation correlated with an increased abundance of Clostridium genus bacteria and enhanced carbohydrate enzyme activity. In summary, C. sporogenes supplementation significantly promotes fat accumulation in mice by augmenting energy absorption and adipogenesis, possibly mediated by the expansion of Clostridium bacteria population with robust glycolipid metabolic ability. IMPORTANCE: The Clostridia clusters have been implicated in energy metabolism, the specific species and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This present study is the first to report Clostridium sporogenes is able to affect fat accumulation and glycolipid metabolism. We indicated that gavage of C. sporogenes promoted the adipogenesis and fat accumulation in mice by not only increasing the abundance of Clostridium bacteria but by also enhancing the metabolic absorption of carbohydrates and fatty acids significantly. Obviously, changes of gut microbiota caused by the C. sporogenes, especially the significant increase of Clostridium bacteria, contributed to the fat accumulation of mice. In addition, the enhancement of Clostridium genus bacteria remarkably improved the synthesis of hepatic pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and triglyceride levels, as well as reduced the excretion of fecal carbohydrates, short-chain fatty acids, and free fatty acids remarkably. These findings will help us to understand the relationship of specific bacteria and host energy homeostasis.

12.
Food Funct ; 15(12): 6359-6373, 2024 Jun 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38787699

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive role and underlying mechanisms of fucoxanthin (Fx) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice. Our results demonstrated that the oral administration of Fx (50 and 200 mg per kg body weight per day) for consecutive 7 days significantly alleviated the severity of LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice, as evidenced by attenuating body weight loss, improving intestinal permeability, and ameliorating intestinal morphological damage such as reduction in the ratio of the villus length to the crypt depth (V/C), intestinal epithelium distortion, goblet cell depletion, and low mucin 2 (MUC2) expression. Fx also significantly mitigated LPS-induced excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and curbed the decrease of tight junction proteins including claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 in the ileum and colon. Additionally, Fx effectively alleviated LPS-induced extensive infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the intestinal mucosa, the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1beta (IL-1ß) and IL-6, and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis of IECs. The underlying mechanisms might be associated with inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathways. Moreover, Fx also notably restrained intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation levels in LPS-treated mice, and it might be mediated by activating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Overall, these findings indicated that Fx might be developed as a potential effective dietary supplement to prevent intestinal barrier injury.


Subject(s)
Intestinal Mucosa , Lipopolysaccharides , Xanthophylls , Animals , Mice , Xanthophylls/pharmacology , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects , Male , Apoptosis/drug effects , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Permeability , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Tight Junction Proteins/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism
13.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(10)2024 May 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38793947

ABSTRACT

The rotational speed standard device that can carry loads is the key device for calibrating passive rotational speed sensors. The rotor of the passive rotational speed sensor is connected to the rotor of the standard speed device through a coupling, and the standard reference speed is provided by the standard device. Due to the rotor eccentricity, the unbalanced force of the rotor occurs, and it can not only affect the rotational speed accuracy but can also damage the mechanical bearings of the standard speed device. To solve this issue, a method for suppressing the unbalanced force of the speed standard device based on an active magnetic bearing (AMB) force compensation system is proposed. First, the overall structure of the system is briefly introduced. Then, the force feedback control system model with the AMB as the force actuator is established, and a PI controller is designed to achieve the disturbed force control. Finally, a semi-physical simulation experimental platform is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the AMB force compensation system can reduce 84.4%, 81.6%, and 79.8% of the unbalanced vibration force at the frequency of 30 Hz, 90 Hz, and 150 Hz, respectively.

14.
Cereb Cortex ; 34(13): 63-71, 2024 May 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38696609

ABSTRACT

To investigate potential correlations between the susceptibility values of certain brain regions and the severity of disease or neurodevelopmental status in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 18 ASD children and 15 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The neurodevelopmental status was assessed by the Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) and the severity of the disease was evaluated by the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). Eleven brain regions were selected as regions of interest and the susceptibility values were measured by quantitative susceptibility mapping. To evaluate the diagnostic capacity of susceptibility values in distinguishing ASD and HC, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was computed. Pearson and Spearman partial correlation analysis were used to depict the correlations between the susceptibility values, the ABC scores, and the GDS scores in the ASD group. ROC curves showed that the susceptibility values of the left and right frontal white matter had a larger area under the curve in the ASD group. The susceptibility value of the right globus pallidus was positively correlated with the GDS-fine motor scale score. These findings indicated that the susceptibility value of the right globus pallidus might be a viable imaging biomarker for evaluating the neurodevelopmental status of ASD children.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Brain , Iron , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Humans , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging , Male , Female , Child , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/growth & development , Iron/metabolism , Iron/analysis , Child, Preschool , Brain Mapping/methods , White Matter/diagnostic imaging , Globus Pallidus/diagnostic imaging
15.
Clin Case Rep ; 12(5): e8733, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38689682

ABSTRACT

Key Clinical Message: Wooden foreign bodies inside the eye socket are an uncommon kind of eye injury that falls into a distinct category of intraorbital foreign bodies. Due to the wide range of clinical presentations and imaging features of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies, misinterpretation and failure to diagnose correctly often happen. Abstract: Wooden foreign bodies inside the eye socket are an uncommon kind of eye injury that falls into a distinct category of intraorbital foreign bodies. The condition mostly manifested in individuals of youthful and middle age. Due to the wide range of clinical presentations and imaging features of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies, misinterpretation and failure to diagnose correctly often happen during the first examination. The risk of orbital infection might greatly rise if there is a delay in diagnosing woody foreign substances inside the eye socket. The majority of patients need surgical intervention as the recommended course of therapy. Nevertheless, it is essential to avoid disregarding undetected diagnoses and the existence of foreign material remnants after prior surgical procedures. Hence, achieving a precise diagnosis relies on a comprehensive assessment of the patient's trauma history, meticulous examination of the eyes, vigilant monitoring of clinical symptoms, accurate imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT), and prompt and thorough removal of wooden foreign objects within the eye socket.

16.
Food Funct ; 15(10): 5251-5271, 2024 May 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38680120

ABSTRACT

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), threatening the life quality of the diabetic population. However, there is still a lack of effective approaches for its intervention. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that was not previously investigated for its effect on DCD. In this study, EPA was found to improve DCD in a mouse model of type 2 DM (T2DM) induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet, exhibiting profound protective effects on cognitive dysfunction, neuronal loss, and cerebral oxidative stress and inflammation. While EPA did not attenuate advanced glycation end product-induced neuron injury, we hypothesized that EPA might protect neurons by regulating microglia polarization, the effect of which was confirmed by the co-culture of neurons and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia. RNA sequencing identified nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) antioxidant signaling as a major target of EPA in microglia. Mechanistically, EPA increased sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1 or P62) levels that might structurally inhibit Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (KEAP1), leading to nuclear translocation of NRF2. P62 and NRF2 predominantly mediated EPA's effect since the knockdown of P62 or NRF2 abolished EPA's protective effect on microglial oxidative stress and inflammation and sequential neuron injuries. Moreover, the regulation of P62/KEPA1/NRF2 axes by EPA was confirmed in the hippocampi of diabetic mice. The present work presents EPA as an effective nutritional approach and microglial P62/KEAP1/NRF2 as molecular targets for the intervention of DCD.


Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Eicosapentaenoic Acid , Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 , NF-E2-Related Factor 2 , Signal Transduction , Animals , Male , Mice , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Eicosapentaenoic Acid/pharmacology , Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism , Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/genetics , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Microglia/drug effects , Microglia/metabolism , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/metabolism , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Sequestosome-1 Protein/metabolism , Sequestosome-1 Protein/genetics , Signal Transduction/drug effects
17.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 125, 2024 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38561794

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (SPM), is derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It plays a key role in actively resolving inflammatory responses, which further reduces small intestinal damage. However, its regulation of the apoptosis triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal epithelial cells is still poorly understood. The intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were stimulated with tunicamycin to screen an optimal stimulation time and concentration to establish an ER stress model. Meanwhile, RvD1 (0, 1, 10, 20, and 50 nM) cytotoxicity and its impact on cell viability and the effective concentration for reducing ER stress and apoptosis were determined. Finally, the effects of RvD1 on ER stress and associated apoptosis were furtherly explored by flow cytometry analysis, AO/EB staining, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. RESULTS: The ER stress model of IPEC-J2 cells was successfully built by stimulating the cells with 1 µg/mL tunicamycin for 9 h. Certainly, the increased apoptosis and cell viability inhibition also appeared under the ER stress condition. RvD1 had no cytotoxicity, and its concentration of 1 nM significantly decreased cell viability inhibition (p= 0.0154) and the total apoptosis rate of the cells from 14.13 to 10.00% (p= 0.0000). RvD1 at the concentration of 1 nM also significantly reduced the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78, an ER stress marker gene) (p= 0.0000) and pro-apoptotic gene Caspase-3 (p= 0.0368) and promoted the expression of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene)(p= 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the results shed light on the potential of RvD1 for alleviating apoptosis triggered by ER stress, which may indicate an essential role of RvD1 in maintaining intestinal health and homeostasis.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Docosahexaenoic Acids , Animals , Swine , Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology , Tunicamycin/pharmacology , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
18.
Opt Express ; 32(6): 8684-8696, 2024 Mar 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38571120

ABSTRACT

We propose a simple dynamical method to realize fast enantio-specific state transfer (ESST) of chiral molecules. Driven by three external electromagenetic fields, the chiral molecules are modeled as cyclic three-level systems, where the overall phase differs by π for the left- and right-handed chiral molecules. We unveil that the ESST is allowed when the amplitudes of three Rabi frequencies in the cyclic three-level systems are equal. Our method is robust and highly efficient in the sense that the external fields can have arbitrary waveforms. This thus provides the opportunity of simplifying the experimental implementations of ESST through pulse design.

20.
Phys Rev Lett ; 132(15): 153602, 2024 Apr 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38682999

ABSTRACT

Frequency up-conversion, enabled by molecular optomechanical coupling, has recently emerged as a promising approach for converting infrared signals into the visible range through quantum coherent conversion of signals. However, detecting these converted signals poses a significant challenge due to their inherently weak signal intensity. In this work, we propose an amplification mechanism capable of enhancing the signal intensity by a factor of 1000 or more for the frequency up-converted infrared signal in a molecular optomechanical system. The mechanism takes advantage of the strong coupling enhancement with molecular collective mode and the Stokes sideband pump. This work demonstrates a feasible approach for up-converting infrared signals to the visible range.

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