ABSTRACT
Oroxylum indicum is one of the valuable Dai pharmaceuticals; the dry seeds and bark of O. indicum were used to treat acute cough, sore throat and so on. Of the seven compounds from O. indicum were determined and obtained using the bioassay-guided method. Among them, compound 7 was obtained from the plant for the first time. Eight bacterial strains and one yeast fungi were exposed to the compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) or minimum fungicidal concentrations were determined according to the standard broth microdilution method. Baicalein (2) exhibited relative strong antibacterial activities with MIC of 8 µg ml-1 and MBC of 16 µg ml-1 against three MRSA strains of Staphylococcus aureus of SCCmec III type, whereas flavonoids 3, 5 and 7 showed some degree of activities against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA, ATCC 25923). The findings may offer new evidence that why O. indicum was used widely in Dai peoples' life.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bignoniaceae/chemistry , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) is a phenomenon whereby rapid intermittent interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion protect an organ from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated whether the protective effect of IPostC was associated with the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway by evaluating its expression following renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Animals underwent 45 minutes of renal pedicle occlusion followed by reperfusion for 1.5, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours. IPostC was performed by six 10-second cycles of reperfusion and 10 seconds of renal pedicle occlusion at the end of ischemia. Blood and kidney samples were collected at each reperfusion time point. The protein expression of COX-1 and COX-2 were evaluated by Western blotting. Our data showed that IPostC attenuated the renal dysfunction and decreased COX-2 expression induced by ischemia-reperfusion insults. The results indicated that the protective effect of IPostC was related to down-regulation of COX-2 expression.
Subject(s)
Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Animals , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Creatinine/blood , Cyclooxygenase 1/metabolism , Ischemia/physiopathology , Male , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury/epidemiology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Several recent studies have shown that ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) protects hears from ischemic reperfusion insults in various animal models. However, the mechanism of IPostC remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that PostC protected kidneys against ischemic reperfusion injury by modifying renal oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Rats underwent 45 minutes of renal pedicle ligature followed by reperfusion for 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours. IPostC was performed using 6, 10 second cycles of reperfusion and 10 seconds of renal pedicle occlusion at the end of the ischemia. Our data showed that IPostC attenuated renal dysfunction, significantly increasing the activity of antioxidases, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione perokidase (GSH-Px) in renal homogenates, and concentrations of GSH and SOD expression. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were significantly decreased in IPostC rats. These results indicated that the protective effects of IPosC may be related to modification of renal oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation caused by ischemic reperfusion injury in rats.
Subject(s)
Lipid Peroxidation , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology , Animals , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Catalase/metabolism , Catalase/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Glutathione/metabolism , Kidney/pathology , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Peroxidase/metabolism , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Rats , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Superoxide Dismutase/genetics , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
The acid fraction, the main part of the hydrogenated rosin produced by Zhuzhou Forest Chemicals Plant of China, was separated from neutral fraction by modified DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography and analyzed with GC-MS-DS technique by using DB-5 capillary column. Six dihydroabietic-type resin acids, four dihydropimaric/isopimaric-type resin acids and four tetrahydroabietic-type resin acids were identified. The hydrogenated rosin is composed mainly of 8-abietenoic acid, 18-abietanoic acid, 13-abietenoic acid, 8 alpha, 13 beta-abietanoic acid, 13 beta-8-abietenoic acid and 8-isopimarenoic acid etc.