Classification and identification of agricultural products based on improved MobileNetV2.

With the advancement of technology, the demand for increased production efficiency has gradually risen, leading to the emergence of new trends in agricultural automation and intelligence. Precision classification models play a crucial role in helping farmers accurately identify, classify, and process various agricultural products, thereby enhancing production efficiency and maximizing the economic value of agricultural products. The current MobileNetV2 network model is capable of performing the aforementioned tasks. However, it tends to exhibit recognition biases when identifying different subcategories within agricultural product varieties. To address this challenge, this paper introduces an improved MobileNetV2 convolutional neural network model. Firstly, inspired by the Inception module in GoogLeNet, we combine the improved Inception module with the original residual module, innovatively proposing a new Res-Inception module. Additionally, to further enhance the model's accuracy in detection tasks, we introduce an efficient multi-scale cross-space learning module (EMA) and embed it into the backbone structure of the network. Experimental results on the Fruit-360 dataset demonstrate that the improved MobileNetV2 outperforms the original MobileNetV2 in agricultural product classification tasks, with an accuracy increase of 1.86%.

Sleep disorders in chronic pain and its neurochemical mechanisms: a narrative review.

Chronic pain (CP) is a prevalent problem, and more than half of patients with CP have sleep disorders. CP comorbidity with sleep disorders imposes immense suffering and seriously affects the patient's quality of life, which is a challenging issue encountered by clinicians. Although the reciprocal interactions between pain and sleep have been studied to some degree, there is still a lack of awareness and comprehensive description of CP comorbidity with sleep disorders. In this narrative review article, we summarize the current knowledge about the present estimates of the prevalence of comorbid sleep disorders in CP patients, sleep detection methods, sleep characterization in CP, and the effect of sleep disorders on CP and current therapies. We also summarize current knowledge of the neurochemical mechanisms of CP comorbidity with sleep disorders. In conclusion, insufficient attention has been paid to the role of sleep disorders in CP patients, and CP patients should be screened for sleep disorders in the clinic. Special attention should be given to a possible risk of drug-drug interaction when using two types of drugs targeting pain and sleep simultaneously. The current insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying CP comorbidity with sleep disorders is still rather limited.

Sirtuins mediate mitochondrial quality control mechanisms: a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis.

Mitochondria plays a role in cell differentiation and apoptosis processes. Maintaining mitochondrial function is critical, and this involves various aspects of mitochondrial quality control such as protein homeostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy. Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disorder, primarily arises from two factors: the dysregulation between lipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of aging bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and the imbalance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Mitochondrial quality control has the potential to mitigate or even reverse the effects. Among the Sirtuin family, consisting of seven Sirtuins (SIRT1-7), SIRT1-SIRT6 play a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial quality control. Additionally, SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, and SIRT7 are directly involved in normal bone development and homeostasis by modulating bone cells. However, the precise mechanism by which these Sirtuins exert their effects remains unclear. This article reviews the impact of various aspects of mitochondrial quality control on osteoporosis, focusing on how SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 can improve osteoporosis by regulating mitochondrial protein homeostasis, biogenesis, and mitophagy. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the current state of clinical and preclinical drugs that can activate Sirtuins to improve osteoporosis. Specific Sirtuin-activating compounds are effective, but further studies are needed. The findings of this study may offer valuable insights for future research on osteoporosis and the development of clinical prevention and therapeutic target strategies.