ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by immune and non-immune cells. It can be induced during bacterial and viral infections, but its production was never investigated in protozoan infections. American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is caused by Leishmania protozoan leading to cutaneous, nasal or oral lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of IL-32 in cutaneous and mucosal lesions as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exposed to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. METHODS: IL-32, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-10 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in cutaneous, mucosal lesions and compared to healthy specimens. The isoforms of IL-32α, ß, δ, γ mRNA, TNF mRNA and IL-10 mRNA were assessed by qPCR in tissue biopsies of lesions and healthy skin and mucosa. In addition, PBMC from healthy donors were cultured with amastigotes of L. (V.) braziliensis. In lesions, the parasite subgenus was identified by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: We showed that the mRNA expression of IL-32, in particular IL-32γ was similarly up-regulated in lesions of cutaneous (CL) or mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis patients. IL-32 protein was produced by epithelial, endothelial, mononuclear cells and giant cells. The IL-32 protein expression was associated with TNF in ML but not in CL. IL-32 was not associated with IL-10 in both CL and ML. Expression of TNF mRNA was higher in ML than in CL lesions, however levels of IL-10 mRNA were similar in both clinical forms. In all lesions in which the parasite was detected, L. (Viannia) subgenus was identified. Interestingly, L. (V.) braziliensis induced only IL-32γ mRNA expression in PBMC from healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that IL-32 plays a major role in the inflammatory process caused by L. (Viannia) sp or that IL-32 is crucial for controlling the L. (Viannia) sp infection.
Subject(s)
Interleukin-10/biosynthesis , Interleukins/biosynthesis , Leishmania braziliensis/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Interleukins/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Mucous Membrane/metabolism , Skin/metabolism , Up-Regulation , Young AdultABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam a técnica adotada pelo Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia para correçäo das perfuraçöes de septo nasal, utilizando um enxerto triplo constituído de fáscia, osso cortical e periósteo, com bons resultados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nasal Septum/injuries , Nasal Septum/surgery , Surgical Flaps/methodsABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam uma revisäo a respeito da etiologia, mecanismo de produçäo, classificaçäo e diagnóstico das fraturas de mandíbula
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Mandibular Fractures , Age Factors , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandibular Fractures/classification , Mandibular Fractures/diagnosis , Mandibular Fractures/etiology , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Foram analisados 34 casos de enterocolite necrotizante neonatal. Os autores demonstraram os prováveis fatores desencadenates e, considerando os critérios atuais de classificaçäo, correlacionaram os achados clínicos e radiológicos observados nessa condiçäo
