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1.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 871, 2024 Mar 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38515081

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by an abundance of information, some of it reliable and some of it misinformation. Evidence-based data on the impact of misinformation on attitudes and behaviours remains limited. Studies indicate that older adults are more likely to embrace and disseminate misinformation than other population groups, making them vulnerable to misinformation. The purpose of this article is to explore the effects of misinformation and information overload on older adults, and to present the management strategies put in place to deal with such effects, in the context of COVID-19. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted to conduct this research. A total of 36 semi-structured interviews were conducted with older adults living in Quebec, Canada. The interviews were fully transcribed and subjected to a thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Participants said they could easily spot misinformation online. Despite this, misinformation and its treatment by the media could generate fear, stress and anxiety. Moreover, the polarization induced by misinformation resulted in tensions and even friendship breakdowns. Participants also denounced the information overload produced largely by the media. To this end, the participants set up information routines targeting the sources of information and the times at which they consulted the information. CONCLUSIONS: This article questions the concept of vulnerability to misinformation by highlighting older adults' agency in managing misinformation and information overload. Furthermore, this study invites us to rethink communication strategies by distinguishing between information overload and misinformation.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Humans , Aged , Communication , Qualitative Research , Anxiety , Anxiety Disorders
3.
Vaccine ; 39(42): 6283-6290, 2021 10 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34538695

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Children around the world remain under-vaccinated for many reasons. To develop effective vaccine delivery programmes and monitor intervention impact, vaccine programme implementers need to understand reasons for under-vaccination within their local context. The World Health Organization (WHO) Working Group on the Behavioural and Social Drivers of Vaccination (BeSD) is developing standardised tools for assessing childhood vaccine acceptance and uptake that can be used across regions and countries. The tools will include: (1) a validated survey; (2) qualitative interview guides; and (3) corresponding user guidance. We report a user-centred needs assessment of key end-users of the BeSD tools. METHODS: Twenty qualitative interviews (Apr-Aug 2019) with purposively sampled vaccine programme managers, partners and stakeholders from UNICEF and WHO country and regional offices. The interviews assessed current systems, practices and challenges in data utilisation and reflections on how the BeSD tools might be optimised. Framework analysis was used to code the interviews. RESULTS: Regarding current practices, participants described a variety of settings, data systems, and frequencies of vaccination attitude measurement. They reported that the majority of data used is quantitative, and there is appetite for increased use of qualitative data. Capacity for conducting studies on social/behavioural drivers of vaccination was high in some jurisdictions and needed in others. Issues include barriers to collecting such data and variability in sources. Reflecting on the tools, participants described the need to explore the attitudes and practices of healthcare workers in addition to parents and caregivers. Participants were supportive of the proposed mixed-methods structure of the tools and training in their usage, and highlighted the need for balance between tool standardisation and flexibility to adapt locally. CONCLUSIONS: A user-centred approach in developing the BeSD tools has given valuable direction to their design, bringing the use of behavioural and social data to the heart of programme planning.


Subject(s)
Health Personnel , Vaccination , Caregivers , Child , Humans , Immunization Programs , Parents
4.
Public Health ; 178: 112-119, 2020 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31675549

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the content of two official French-speaking websites that are used to inform the general public about recommended vaccines in France and Quebec. STUDY DESIGN: Qualitative content analysis. METHODS: All pages that inform and educate parents regarding childhood vaccination were downloaded and analyzed according to evidence-informed risk communication metrics. RESULTS: A total of 32 webpages, 14 videos, and two infographics were included in the analysis. The following were the most frequent risk communication approaches: 'debunking common misconceptions about vaccination' or 'answering common questions about vaccines.' Harm and benefit information focused primarily on the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and the risks of adverse events after immunization. Most materials used qualitative terminology to describe the risk (e.g., vaccines are among the safest tools, adverse events are rare). Very few materials provided numeric likelihood of harms and benefits. When numeric information was stated, they were only presenting the risks of the diseases or number of cases in an outbreak. The approaches used to debunk misconceptions generally focused on the myth itself rather than the correct information. Few materials used visual aids (e.g., graphics, pictures, icons arrays, etc.) to convey important information. CONCLUSIONS: It is often assumed that misinformation and rumors about vaccination found online is a leading cause of the increase in vaccine hesitancy. Existing communication materials could be improved to better align with best practices in risk communication. Given the availability of confusing and conflicting vaccine narratives, it is crucial that authoritative communication materials aim to build trust and support informed choices about vaccination.


Subject(s)
Consumer Health Information , Decision Making , Internet , Parents/psychology , Vaccination/psychology , Child , France , Humans , Qualitative Research , Quebec , Vaccines/administration & dosage , Vaccines/adverse effects
5.
Haemophilia ; 24(2): 236-244, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29388742

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Following a provincial tender, most subjects with haemophilia A in Quebec switched their treatment to a third-generation recombinant B-domain-deleted factor VIII (FVIII). AIM: Our objective was to evaluate the incidence of inhibitor development and FVIII recovery in patients following the switch of factor replacement therapy. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five subjects were enrolled and tested for FVIII activity and inhibitors every 6 months during 1 year. Subjects with mild haemophilia A or current inhibitors were excluded. Data on demographics, bleeds and FVIII usage were collected. RESULTS: A total of 125 switchers and 10 non-switchers were enrolled. Most subjects had severe haemophilia A (95.6%) and were on prophylaxis (89.6%). Mean FVIII recovery was similar at 0, 6 and 12 months postswitch. Two switchers developed de novo inhibitors in the 6 months postswitch, one of which was transient. No recurrent inhibitor was observed. A small but significant increase in FVIII usage was observed for adult switchers and the whole cohort of switchers and non-switchers. There was an increase in the annualized bleeding rate (ABR) for non-joint bleeds for the whole cohort of switchers. However, no significant differences were observed in ABR for joint bleeds. CONCLUSION: Our surveillance study shows comparable inhibitor development to similar published studies. A significant increase in FVIII utilization was noted for the whole cohort, switchers and non-switchers. Lastly, no clinically significant changes were observed in ABR for joint bleeds, but a difference for non-joint bleed ABRs was observed in switchers.


Subject(s)
Factor VIII/therapeutic use , Hemophilia A/drug therapy , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies
6.
Trials ; 18(1): 434, 2017 09 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28931404

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Rates of cesarean delivery are continuously increasing in industrialized countries, with repeated cesarean accounting for about a third of all cesareans. Women who have undergone a first cesarean are facing a difficult choice for their next pregnancy, i.e.: (1) to plan for a second cesarean delivery, associated with higher risk of maternal complications than vaginal delivery; or (b) to have a trial of labor (TOL) with the aim to achieve a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) and to accept a significant, but rare, risk of uterine rupture and its related maternal and neonatal complications. The objective of this trial is to assess whether a multifaceted intervention would reduce the rate of major perinatal morbidity among women with one prior cesarean. METHODS/DESIGN: The study is a stratified, non-blinded, cluster-randomized, parallel-group trial of a multifaceted intervention. Hospitals in Quebec are the units of randomization and women are the units of analysis. As depicted in Figure 1, the study includes a 1-year pre-intervention period (baseline), a 5-month implementation period, and a 2-year intervention period. At the end of the baseline period, 20 hospitals will be allocated to the intervention group and 20 to the control group, using a randomization stratified by level of care. Medical records will be used to collect data before and during the intervention period. Primary outcome is the rate of a composite of major perinatal morbidities measured during the intervention period. Secondary outcomes include major and minor maternal morbidity; minor perinatal morbidity; and TOL and VBAC rate. The effect of the intervention will be assessed using the multivariable generalized-estimating-equations extension of logistic regression. The evaluation will include subgroup analyses for preterm and term birth, and a cost-effectiveness analysis. DISCUSSION: The intervention is designed to facilitate: (1) women's decision-making process, using a decision analysis tool (DAT), (2) an estimate of uterine rupture risk during TOL using ultrasound evaluation of low-uterine segment thickness, (3) an estimate of chance of TOL success, using a validated prediction tool, and (4) the implementation of best practices for intrapartum management. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials, ID: ISRCTN15346559 . Registered on 20 August 2015.


Subject(s)
Cesarean Section, Repeat , Decision Support Techniques , Maternal Health , Pregnancy Outcome , Vaginal Birth after Cesarean , Cesarean Section, Repeat/adverse effects , Cesarean Section, Repeat/economics , Choice Behavior , Clinical Decision-Making , Clinical Protocols , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Female , Health Care Costs , Humans , Logistic Models , Multivariate Analysis , Nomograms , Patient Participation , Predictive Value of Tests , Pregnancy , Premature Birth/etiology , Quebec , Research Design , Risk Factors , Term Birth , Time Factors , Trial of Labor , Ultrasonography , Uterine Rupture/diagnostic imaging , Uterine Rupture/etiology , Vaginal Birth after Cesarean/adverse effects , Vaginal Birth after Cesarean/economics
7.
Vaccine ; 35(18): 2520-2530, 2017 04 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28347501

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: During an outbreak of invasive meningococcal B disease on a university campus, we explored the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of members of the university community in relation to the disease, the vaccine, and the vaccination program. DESIGN: All students, faculty and staff were invited by email to participate in a 71-item online survey, which was administered after completion of the mass clinics for the first and second doses of a meningococcal B vaccination program. RESULTS: A total of 404 individuals responded to the survey; 75.7% were students. Knowledge about meningococcal disease and vaccine was generally high; more than 70% correct responses were received on each knowledge question except for one question about the different meningococcal serogroups. Gender (female) and higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with either being immunized or intending to be immunized (p<0.05). Positive attitudes about immunization, concern about meningococccal infection, a sense of community responsibility, and trust in public health advice also correlated with being vaccinated or intending to be vaccinated (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A successful mass vaccination program in a Nova Scotia university was associated with high levels of knowledge, positive attitudes toward vaccination, and positive attitudes toward public health recommendations.


Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Mass Vaccination , Meningitis, Meningococcal/epidemiology , Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention & control , Meningococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Faculty , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nova Scotia/epidemiology , Students , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universities , Young Adult
8.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 23(5): 279-280, 2017 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27851999

ABSTRACT

To maintain successful vaccination programmes, it is of critical importance to identify providers who are vaccine-hesitant, to understand the causes of their hesitancies, and to develop tailored strategies to address this. Within the population, vaccine hesitancy in healthcare providers is highly context-specific and will vary among different vaccines, professions, and in time. There are gaps in understanding of the complex mix of factors leading to vaccine hesitancy among healthcare providers, but this is key to design of effective targeted interventions.


Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Personnel , Vaccination Refusal , Vaccination , Vaccines/therapeutic use , Humans , Periodicals as Topic , Vaccines/administration & dosage
9.
Vaccine ; 34(34): 4046-9, 2016 07 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27302338

ABSTRACT

An outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis serotype B infection occurred at a small residential university; public health announced an organizational vaccination program with the 4-component Meningococcal B (4CMenB) vaccine (Bexsero(TM), Novartis/GlaxoSmithKline Inc.) several days later. Since there were limited published data on reactogenicity of 4CMenB in persons over 17years of age, this study sought to conduct rapid surveillance of health events in vaccinees and controls using an online survey. Vaccine uptake was 84.7% for dose 1 (2967/3500) and 70% (2456/3500) for dose 2; the survey response rates were 33.0% (987/2967) and 18.7% (459/2456) in dose 1 and dose 1 recipients respectively, and 12% in unvaccinated individuals (63/533). Most students were 20-29years of age (vaccinees, 64.0%; controls, 74.0). A new health problem or worsening of an existing health problem was reported by 30.0% and 30.3% of vaccine recipients after doses 1 and 2 respectively; and by 15.9% of controls. These health problems interfered with the ability to perform normal activities in most vaccinees reporting these events (74.7% post dose 1; 62.6% post dose 2), and in 60% of controls. The health problems led to a health care provider visit (including emergency room) in 12.8% and 14.4% of vaccinees post doses 1 and 2, respectively and in 40% of controls. The most common reactions in vaccinees were injection site reactions (20.6% post dose 1, 16.1% post dose 20 and non-specific systemic complaints (22.6% post dose 1, 17.6% post dose 2). No hospitalizations were reported. An online surveillance program during an emergency meningococcal B vaccine program was successfully implemented, and detected higher rates of health events in vaccinees compared to controls, and high rates of both vaccinees and controls seeking medical attention. The types of adverse events reported by young adult vaccinees were consistent with those previously.


Subject(s)
Mass Vaccination , Meningococcal Infections/prevention & control , Meningococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Vaccination/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Canada , Female , Humans , Internet , Male , Meningococcal Vaccines/adverse effects , Meningococcal Vaccines/therapeutic use , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B , Population Surveillance , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universities , Young Adult
10.
Can Commun Dis Rep ; 42(12): 246-251, 2016 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29769995

ABSTRACT

"Vaccine hesitancy" is a concept used frequently in vaccination discourse and is challenging previously held perspective that individual vaccination attitudes and behaviours are a simple dichotomy of accept or reject. Given the importance of achieving high vaccine coverage in Canada to avoid vaccine preventable diseases and their consequences, vaccine hesitancy is an important issue that needs to be addressed. This article describes the scope and causes of vaccine hesitancy in Canada and proposes potential approaches to address it.

12.
Health Educ Res ; 27(6): 1069-80, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22907535

ABSTRACT

Rotavirus disease is a common cause of health care utilization and almost all children are affected by the age of 5 years. In Canada, at the time of this survey (2008-09), immunization rates for rotavirus were <20%. We assessed the determinants of a parent's acceptance to have their child immunized against rotavirus. The survey instruments were based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Data were collected in two phases. In all, 413 and 394 parents completed the first and second interviews, respectively (retention rate 95%). Most parents (67%) intended to immunize their child against rotavirus. Factors significantly associated with parental intentions (Phase 1) were as follows: perception of the moral correctness of having their child immunized (personal normative belief) and perception that significant others will approve of the immunization behavior (subjective norm), perceived capability of having their child immunized (perceived behavioral control) and household income. At Phase 2, 165 parents (42%) reported that their child was immunized against rotavirus. The main determinant of vaccination behavior was parental intention to have their child vaccinated, whereas personal normative beliefs influenced both intention and behavior. The acceptability of the rotavirus vaccine will be higher if health promotion addresses parental knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding the disease and the vaccine.


Subject(s)
Decision Making , Immunization Programs/statistics & numerical data , Parents/psychology , Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control , Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Adult , Canada , Child, Preschool , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Parent-Child Relations , Qualitative Research , Surveys and Questionnaires
13.
Schizophr Res ; 141(1): 35-9, 2012 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22863550

ABSTRACT

Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) evince a 30% incidence of schizophrenia. We compared the white matter (WM) of 22q11.2DS patients without schizophrenia to a group of matched healthy controls using Tract-Based-Spatial-Statistics (TBSS). We found localized reduction of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Axial Diffusivity (AD; measure of axonal integrity) in WM underlying the left parietal lobe. No changes in Radial Diffusivity (RD; measure of myelin integrity) were observed. Of note, studies in chronic schizophrenia patients report reduced FA, no changes in AD, and increases in RD in WM. Our findings suggest different WM microstructural pathology in 22q11.2DS than in patients with schizophrenia.


Subject(s)
Brain/pathology , DiGeorge Syndrome/pathology , Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Anisotropy , Brain Mapping , Case-Control Studies , Diffusion Tensor Imaging , Female , Humans , Male , Pilot Projects , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Young Adult
14.
Vaccine ; 30(31): 4632-7, 2012 Jun 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22580354

ABSTRACT

In Canada, several new vaccines were recently approved for clinical use or are expected to be soon. Decision-makers are faced with the choice whether or not to include these vaccines in publicly funded vaccination programs. The aim of this study was to assess Canadian pediatricians' and family physicians' opinions regarding 7 new vaccines, and perceived priority for the introduction of new programs. A self-administered, anonymous, mail-based questionnaire was sent during fall 2009 to a random sample of 1182 family physicians and to all 1852 Canadian pediatricians. Responses to 8 statements regarding frequency and severity of the diseases, efficacy and safety of the vaccines as well as feasibility of immunization programs were used to calculate priority scores to rank the 7 potential new vaccination programs (calculated scores ranging from 0 to 100). Overall response rate was 43%. The majority of respondents perceived the health and economic burden of diseases prevented by the seven new vaccines as important and considered new vaccines to be safe and effective. More than 90% of physicians strongly agreed or agreed that the new vaccines would be or are currently well accepted by the public and by the health professionals who administer vaccines, except for the HPV and rotavirus vaccines (respectively 30% and 29% strongly agreed or agreed). Mean priority scores were: 77.4 out of 100 for the measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV) combined vaccine; 75.6 for the hexavalent (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HBV) vaccine; 73.1 for the new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines; 69.8 for the meningococcal ACYW135; 68.9 for the combined hepatitis A and B; 63.5 for the human papillomavirus vaccine and 56.9 for the rotavirus vaccine. Health professionals' opinion is an important element to consider in the decision-making process regarding implementation of new immunization programs. Without health professional support, the introduction of a new vaccination program may be unsuccessful. In this study, the MMRV and the hexavalent (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HBV) vaccines received the highest ratings.


Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Immunization Programs/organization & administration , Physicians/psychology , Canada , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine , Female , Haemophilus Vaccines , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Humans , Male , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine , Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vaccines, Combined , Vaccines, Conjugate
15.
Vaccine ; 29(17): 3177-82, 2011 Apr 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21376118

ABSTRACT

Rotavirus is the leading cause of dehydration and hospitalization due to gastroenteritis (GE) in young children. Almost all children are affected by the age of 5 years. Two safe and effective rotavirus vaccines are available for clinical use in Canada. In the context where rotavirus vaccination is recommended, but not publicly funded, we have assessed paediatricians' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs (KAB) regarding rotavirus disease and its prevention by vaccination. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire based upon the Health Belief Model and the Analytical framework for immunization programs was mailed to all 1852 Canadian paediatricians. The response rate was 50%. The majority of respondents rated consequences of rotavirus infection for young patients as moderate. Sixty-six percent considered that rotavirus disease occur frequently without vaccination and 62% estimated that the disease generates a significant economic burden. Sixty-nine percent of respondents considered rotavirus vaccines to be safe and 61%, to be effective. The reduction of severe GE cases was seen as the main benefit of rotavirus vaccination, while the risk of adverse events was the principal perceived barrier. Fifty-three percent (53%) indicated a strong intention to recommend rotavirus vaccines. In multivariate analysis, main determinant of paediatricians' intention to recommend rotavirus vaccines was the perceived health and economic burden of rotavirus diseases (partial R(2)=0.49, p<0.0001). More than half of surveyed paediatricians were willing to recommend rotavirus vaccines to their patients, but the proportion of respondents who had a strong intention to do so remains low when compared to several other new vaccines. As with other new vaccines, rotavirus vaccine uptake risks to remain low in Canada as long as it is not publicly funded.


Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control , Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Canada , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Surveys and Questionnaires
16.
Genes Brain Behav ; 8(3): 275-82, 2009 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19077116

ABSTRACT

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disorder associated with highly variable features, including heart disease, short stature, minor facial anomalies and learning disabilities. Recent gene discoveries have laid the groundwork for exploring whether variability in the NS phenotype is related to differences at the genetic level. In this study, we examine the influence of both genotype and nongenotypic factors on cognitive functioning. Data are presented from 65 individuals with NS (ages 4-18) who were evaluated using standardized measures of intellectual functioning. The cohort included 33 individuals with PTPN11 mutations, 6 individuals with SOS1 mutations, 1 individual with a BRAF mutation and 25 participants with negative, incomplete or no genetic testing. Results indicate that genotype differences may account for some of the variation in cognitive ability in NS. Whereas cognitive impairments were common among individuals with PTPN11 mutations and those with unknown mutations, all of the individuals with SOS1 mutations exhibited verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills in the average range or higher. Participants with N308D and N308S mutations in PTPN11 also showed no (or mild) cognitive delays. Additional influences such as hearing loss, motor dexterity and parental education levels accounted for significant variability in cognitive outcomes. Severity of cardiac disease was not related to cognitive functioning. Our results suggest that some NS-causing mutations have a more marked impact on cognitive skills than others.


Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/genetics , Developmental Disabilities/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Noonan Syndrome/genetics , Noonan Syndrome/psychology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cognition Disorders/metabolism , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Cohort Studies , DNA Mutational Analysis , Developmental Disabilities/metabolism , Developmental Disabilities/physiopathology , Educational Status , Female , Genetic Testing , Genotype , Hearing Loss/genetics , Humans , Male , Motor Skills Disorders/genetics , Motor Skills Disorders/metabolism , Motor Skills Disorders/physiopathology , Mutation , Neuropsychological Tests , Noonan Syndrome/physiopathology , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics , SOS1 Protein/genetics
17.
Dev Psychol ; 35(6): 1389-98, 1999 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10563729

ABSTRACT

The current research explores how ethnicity influences sexual identity development. Among 139 sexual-minority male youths, measures of sexual identity development assessed the timing and sequencing of developmental milestones, disclosure of sexual identity to others, internalized homophobia, and same- and opposite-sex relationship histories. Findings demonstrated that participants, regardless of ethnicity, experienced most identity milestones at developmentally appropriate ages, had moderately low levels of internalized homophobia, and became romantically and sexually involved with other males during adolescence. Differences across ethnic groups were found in the timing and sequencing of certain milestones, disclosure of sexual identity to family members, and romantic and sexual involvement with females.


Subject(s)
Bisexuality/psychology , Ethnicity/psychology , Gender Identity , Homosexuality, Male/psychology , Psychosexual Development/physiology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Social Adjustment , Surveys and Questionnaires
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