ABSTRACT
Se evaluó la importancia del consumo diario de agua por ingesta en la evaluación de riesgo a la salud humana (ERS) de contaminantes presentes en agua subterránea de pozos domiciliarios en la ciudad de Azul, Argentina. El riesgo probabilístico acumulativo se calculó en base al modelo de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de Estados Unidos (USEPA) para cuatro grupos de edad (5, 10, 15 años y adultos). Los resultados fueron comparados mediante la aplicación de un consumo diario de agua por ingesta estimado utilizado con frecuencia en la literatura frente a una cantidad ingerida local. De las seis variables usadas (Concentración de la sustancia peligrosa en el agua; Ingesta diaria de agua (I); Frecuencia de exposición; Duración de la exposición; Peso corporal del individuo expuesto; Factor de corrección para el tiempo promedio de exposición crónica), la Ifue la variable más influyente en el valor del riesgo presentando diferencias significativas entre los resultados derivados de ambos tipos de I. La diferencia más alta fue en los 5 años de edad, grupo que presentó un riesgo acumulado asociado con I local 98% más bajo respecto del riesgo calculado utilizando I basada en la literatura. La selección de la I tuvo un impacto significativo en los resultados del riesgo, lo que sugiere una cuidadosa elección de las variables de entrada al modelo de la evaluación del riesgo para evitar subestimaciones o sobreestimaciones.
We evaluated the importance of the daily consumption of water by ingestion on health risk assessment (HRA) from pollutants present in shallow groundwater from residential wells in the city of Azul, Argentina. The probabilistic cumulative risk was calculated based on the model of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for four age groups (5, 10, 15 years and adults). The results were compared by applying a daily consumption of water by estimated intake frequently used in the literature against a local ingested amount. From the six variables used (Concentration of the hazardous substance in water, Daily water intake (I), Frequency of exposure, Duration of exposure, Body weight of the exposed individual, Correction factor for the average time of chronic exposure), I was the most influential variable in the value of risk, presenting significant differences between the results derived from both types of I. The highest difference was in the 5 years of age, a group that presented an accumulated risk associated with local I 98% lower regarding the risk calculated using I based on the literature. The selection of I had a significant impact on risk outcomes, suggesting a careful choice of input variables to the risk assessment model to avoid underestimation or overestimation.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Drinking Water/analysis , Risk Assessment/methods , Drinking , Water Wells , Phenols/toxicity , Argentina/epidemiology , Arsenic/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicityABSTRACT
Using the USEPA methodology we estimated the probabilistic chronic risks for calves and adult cows due to pesticide exposure through oral intake of contaminated surface and ground waters in Tres Arroyos County (Argentina). Because published data on pesticide toxicity endpoints for cows are scarce, we used threshold levels based on interspecies extrapolation methods. The studied waters showed acceptable quality for cattle production since none of the pesticides were present at high-enough concentrations to potentially affect cow health. Moreover, ground waters had better quality than surface waters, with dieldrin and deltamethrin being the pesticides associated with the highest risk values in the former and the latter water compartments, respectively. Our study presents a novel use of the USEPA risk methodology proving it is useful for water quality evaluation in terms of pesticide toxicity for cattle production. This approach represents an alternative tool for water quality management in the absence of specific cattle pesticide regulatory limits.
Subject(s)
Drinking Water/chemistry , Groundwater/chemistry , Pesticides/toxicity , Risk Assessment , Water Quality/standards , Animals , Argentina , Cattle , Environmental Monitoring , Female , Pesticides/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Pollution/adverse effectsABSTRACT
El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar el riesgo sanitario no carcinogenético a partir de ciertas sustancias (inorgánicas, fenólicas, metales pesados y pesticidas) presentes en aguas superficiales y subterráneas de la ciudad de Tres Arroyos. El análisis se realizó utilizando el modelo básico de análisis de riesgo sanitario probabilístico de USEPA considerando tres estratos de edades infantiles (5, 10 y 15 años). Se integraron escenarios de tipo residencial con recreativo, sobre la base de la exposición por la ingesta y por el contacto dérmico con el agua. En los tres estratos de edad, los resultados indican que los valores del riesgo integrado (riesgo residencial + riesgo recreativo) fueron significativos y decrecientes con relación a la edad, siendo el arsénico el principal contribuyente a través de la vía de ingesta consuntiva del escenario residencial.
The objective of this work was to analyze the non-carcinogenic health risk from certain substances (inorganic, phenolic, heavy metals and pesticides) in surface waters and groundwater in the town of Tres Arroyos. The analysis was performed using the basic model of health risk analysis considering probabilistic USEPA for children of three age groups (5, 10 and 15). Residential and recreational type scenarios were integrated, based on exposure through ingestion and dermal contact with water. In all three age strata, the results indicate that the values of the integrated risk (residential risk + recreational risk) were significant and decreasing with respect to age, being arsenic the largest contributor through the residential ingestion pathway.
O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o risco sanitário não-carcinogênico a partir de determinadas substâncias (inorgânicas, fenólicas, metais pesados e pesticidas) presentes em águas superficiais e subterrâneas da cidade de Tres Arroyos. A análise foi feita utilizando o modelo básico de análise de risco sanitário probabilístico de USEPA, considerando crianças de três faixas etárias infantis (5, 10 e 15 anos). Foram integrados cenários do tipo residencial e recreativo, com base na exposição pela ingestão e pelo contato dérmico com a água. Nas três faixas etárias, os resultados indicam que os valores do risco integrado, (risco residencial + risco recreativo) foram significativos e decrescentes com relação à idade, sendo o arsênico o contribuinte principal através da via da ingestão consuntiva do cenário residencial.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Health Risk , Water Microbiology , Water/analysis , Argentina , Total Quality Management , Water , Water Intoxication , Water Quality Standards , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar el riesgo sanitario no carcinogenético a partir de ciertas sustancias (inorgánicas, fenólicas, metales pesados y pesticidas) presentes en aguas superficiales y subterráneas de la ciudad de Tres Arroyos. El análisis se realizó utilizando el modelo básico de análisis de riesgo sanitario probabilístico de USEPA considerando tres estratos de edades infantiles (5, 10 y 15 años). Se integraron escenarios de tipo residencial con recreativo, sobre la base de la exposición por la ingesta y por el contacto dérmico con el agua. En los tres estratos de edad, los resultados indican que los valores del riesgo integrado (riesgo residencial + riesgo recreativo) fueron significativos y decrecientes con relación a la edad, siendo el arsénico el principal contribuyente a través de la vía de ingesta consuntiva del escenario residencial.(AU)
The objective of this work was to analyze the non-carcinogenic health risk from certain substances (inorganic, phenolic, heavy metals and pesticides) in surface waters and groundwater in the town of Tres Arroyos. The analysis was performed using the basic model of health risk analysis considering probabilistic USEPA for children of three age groups (5, 10 and 15). Residential and recreational type scenarios were integrated, based on exposure through ingestion and dermal contact with water. In all three age strata, the results indicate that the values of the integrated risk (residential risk + recreational risk) were significant and decreasing with respect to age, being arsenic the largest contributor through the residential ingestion pathway.(AU)
O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o risco sanitário nÒo-carcinogÛnico a partir de determinadas substÔncias (inorgÔnicas, fenólicas, metais pesados e pesticidas) presentes em águas superficiais e subterrÔneas da cidade de Tres Arroyos. A análise foi feita utilizando o modelo básico de análise de risco sanitário probabilístico de USEPA, considerando crianþas de trÛs faixas etárias infantis (5, 10 e 15 anos). Foram integrados cenários do tipo residencial e recreativo, com base na exposiþÒo pela ingestÒo e pelo contato dérmico com a água. Nas trÛs faixas etárias, os resultados indicam que os valores do risco integrado, (risco residencial + risco recreativo) foram significativos e decrescentes com relaþÒo O idade, sendo o arsÛnico o contribuinte principal através da via da ingestÒo consuntiva do cenário residencial.(AU)