ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the role of occupational exposure to specific groups of agrochemicals in the aetiology of lymphoma overall, B cell lymphoma and its most prevalent subtypes. METHODS: In 1998-2003, 2348 incident lymphoma cases and 2462 controls were recruited to the EPILYMPH case-control study in six European countries. A detailed occupational history was collected in cases and controls. Job modules were applied for farm work including specific questions on type of crop, farm size, pests being treated, type and schedule of pesticide use. In each study centre, industrial hygienists and occupational experts assessed exposure to specific groups of pesticides and individual compounds with the aid of agronomists. We calculated the OR and its 95% CI associated with lymphoma and the most prevalent lymphoma subtypes with unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, education and centre. RESULTS: Risk of lymphoma overall, and B cell lymphoma was not elevated, and risk of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) was elevated amongst those ever exposed to inorganic (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5) and organic pesticides (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1). CLL risk was highest amongst those ever exposed to organophosphates (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.0). Restricting the analysis to subjects most likely exposed, no association was observed between pesticide use and risk of B cell lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide limited support to the hypothesis of an increase in risk of specific lymphoma subtypes associated with exposure to pesticides.
Subject(s)
Lymphoma/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Pesticides/toxicity , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Europe/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/chemically induced , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/epidemiology , Lymphoma/epidemiology , Lymphoma, B-Cell/chemically induced , Lymphoma, B-Cell/epidemiology , Male , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
European case-control study evaluates occupational risk of multiple myeloma (MM) in 277MM cases and 1108 matched controls, using logistic regression analysis and adjusting by age, gender, study centre and education. An increase in MM risk was observed for general farmers, cleaners, telephone and radio operators, and printers. Pesticide exposure lasting ten years or more, but not exposure to solvents, was also associated with an elevated MM risk (OR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.01-2.58). Our results confirm an association of multiple myeloma with farm work, and particularly with prolonged exposure to pesticides.
Subject(s)
Multiple Myeloma/etiology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
We analyzed risk associated with exposure to pesticides and contact with livestock in 277 multiple myeloma (MM) cases and 2434 controls who participated in the multicentre European EPILYMPH study. Ever exposure to organic pesticides or contact with any species of livestock was not associated with an increase in risk of MM. However, risk associated with ever exposure to pesticides was elevated after adjusting for contact with sheep (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3). The finding of an excess risk associated with ever exposure to any pesticides after adjusting for contact with breeding animals is most likely due to chance.
