Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric , Mediastinal Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , Puerperal Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Subcutaneous Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , Dyspnea/etiology , Female , Humans , Mediastinal Emphysema/complications , Pregnancy , Radiography, Thoracic , Thoracic Wall/diagnostic imaging , Young AdultSubject(s)
Cardiomyopathies , Heart , Lung/pathology , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Sarcoidosis , Uveitis, Anterior , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Biopsy/methods , Cardiac Imaging Techniques/methods , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathies/drug therapy , Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular , Heart/diagnostic imaging , Heart/physiopathology , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sarcoidosis/diagnosis , Sarcoidosis/drug therapy , Sarcoidosis/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome , Uveitis, Anterior/diagnosis , Uveitis, Anterior/physiopathologySubject(s)
Amyloidosis/epidemiology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications , Amyloidosis/drug therapy , Amyloidosis/metabolism , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Humans , Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/metabolism , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Endocarditis/complications , Fever/microbiology , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Shock, Septic/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/complications , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Users , Endocarditis/diagnosis , Endocarditis/microbiology , Humans , Male , Pulmonary Embolism/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Tricuspid Valve/diagnostic imaging , UltrasonographySubject(s)
Coronary Artery Bypass/methods , Coronary Vessels , Takayasu Arteritis , Chest Pain/diagnosis , Chest Pain/etiology , Coronary Angiography/methods , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Coronary Vessels/surgery , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Male , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Takayasu Arteritis/complications , Takayasu Arteritis/diagnosis , Takayasu Arteritis/physiopathology , Takayasu Arteritis/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Cystic echinococcosis, commonly known as hydatid disease, is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Humans are an accidental host to this rare disease in the UK, with around 10-20 new cases reported each year. Once suspected, the diagnosis is confirmed through a combination of relevant history, imaging studies and serological testing. This lesson presents a case of hydatid disease and outlines the significant management issues when cysts rupture and the disease becomes disseminated.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Pain/parasitology , Cough/parasitology , Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Echinococcus granulosus/isolation & purification , Adult , Animals , Echinococcosis/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Radiography, Thoracic , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Carbon monoxide poisoning is both an ancient and current cause of inadvertent (accidental) death and more recently has emerged as a cause of suicide worldwide. This article describes the pathophysiology and epidemiology of this most toxic and frequently occult poison.
Subject(s)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/therapy , Erythropoietin/therapeutic use , Hematinics/therapeutic use , Hyperbaric Oxygenation/methods , Accidents/statistics & numerical data , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/epidemiology , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/metabolism , Carboxyhemoglobin/metabolism , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , United Kingdom/epidemiologySubject(s)
Facial Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging , Nasal Bone/injuries , Subcutaneous Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Face , Facial Injuries/complications , Fractures, Bone/complications , Humans , Male , Nasal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Subcutaneous Emphysema/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Aspergillus fumigatus/isolation & purification , Bronchial Arteries , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Hemoptysis , Lung Abscess/diagnosis , Lung Diseases , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mycetoma , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Management , Hemoptysis/etiology , Hemoptysis/physiopathology , Hemoptysis/therapy , Humans , Lung/blood supply , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung/microbiology , Lung Diseases/complications , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/physiopathology , Lung Diseases/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Mycetoma/complications , Mycetoma/diagnosis , Mycetoma/physiopathology , Mycetoma/therapy , Radiography , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Amyloidosis, Familial/complications , Cardiomyopathies , Prealbumin/genetics , Aged , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathies/drug therapy , Cardiomyopathies/ethnology , Cardiomyopathies/etiology , Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology , Echocardiography/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Humans , Male , Patient Care Planning , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sequence Analysis, Protein , Technetium Tc 99m Medronate , Tomography, Emission-Computed/methods , White PeopleABSTRACT
Lyme disease, while still an uncommon disease in the UK, is on the increase. Case numbers have increased by 3.6-fold since 2001, with over 950 cases reported by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) in 2011, compared with less than 500 cases annually pre-2004. HPA indications of the true incidence are suggested to be closer to 3000 cases/year, of which around 82% of cases are indigenously acquired. Three genospecies, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelli and Borrelia garinii, represent the predominant pathogenic variants in the UK. Erythema migrans is the commonest manifestation, occurring in 60%-91% of cases. In the UK, neuroborelliosis is the most common complication, while myocarditis is unusual, and death from either conduction disease or carditis is extremely rare. The role of Borrelia infection in chronic dilated cardiomyopathy in the UK remains unproven. Controversy over the existence of either 'chronic Lyme disease' and/or 'post-Lyme disease syndrome' continues unabated. National medical societies, patient advocacy groups, insurance companies, lawyers, doctors, the private health medical sector and scientific journals have all become embroiled in this bitter controversy. New developments include diagnostic tests able to detect Lyme disease at an earlier stage, shorter durations of antibiotic therapy and potential advances in vaccines against Borrelia.