[Postmortem computed tomography of the frozen corpse]. / Posmertnaya komp'yuternaya tomografiya oledenevshego trupa.

The purpose of the work is to identify the possibilities of computed tomography in establishing postmortem changes in the bones of the skeleton and internal organs during in a frozen corpse. The article describes a case from thanatological practice with the performance of a pre-sectional computed tomography of a corpse of a young woman found in a forest in a state of complete freezing. As a result of the study, CT images of frozen internal organs were obtained, which are never found in clinical practice. Significant changes in the CT pattern were revealed due to a decrease in the density of the frozen zones. The use of pre-sectional computed tomography enabled to identify postmortem changes in internal organs formed during freezing of the corpse; the position of the corpse during its glaciation and the uniformity of the freezing process.

[The foreign experience with the application of the modern radiodiagnostic methods for the estimation of prescription of death coming and time of infliction of injury].

We undertook the analysis of the foreign publications concerning the application of the modern radiodiagnostic methods (including MSCT- and MRI-visualization) with reference to the solution of the traditional problems facing forensic medical expertise, such as the estimation of prescription of death coming and time of infliction of injury in the dead bodies. Both advantages and disadvantages of postmortem visualization of the corpses of adult subjects are discussed taking into consideration the period of time that elapsed between the death and the onset of the study as well as the character of the injuries. It was shown that the examination of the corpses using the up-to-date methods of radiodiagnostics prior to autopsy makes it possible for morphologists, jointly with radiologists, to identify, to see in the new light, and to evaluate the number of charges in the dead body, such as the alteration of the blood cell sedimentation rate, the formation of postmortem hypostases in the internal organs, the hardening of the walls of aorta and major blood vessels, right heart dilatation, gradual smoothing of the borderline between grey and white matter of the brain. Virtual autopsy can be useful , even for the study of such long-term processes in the corpses as putrefaction, saponification, mummification, and peat tanning. Moreover, this technique may be instrumental in the elucidation of the specific features of topographic-anatomical relationships between individual 'tissues and organs, detection of the concealed lesions, and a variety of pathological changes. Postmortem visualization allows for the quantitative evaluation of the severity of these transformations and the preliminary estimation of prescription of death coming. Also, radiodiagnostic methods can be employed to reliably visualize and measure various hemorrhagic events (from the density of such ones as liquid and clotted blood) in the tissues surrounding the fractures, in body cavities, and internal organs as well as to establish the facts of inter-vital aspiration of blood, alimentary masses, liquid and solid foreign bodies penetrating into the upper sections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts as the consequence f an injury. It is concluded that the postmortem visualization techniques employed to estimate prescription of death coming and time of infliction of injury as well as other complicated problems facing forensic medical expertize need the further scientifically based development.

[Interpretation of a computed tomographic pattern in pulmonary sarcoidosis].

Five main types of lung involvement were identified in pulmonary sarcoidosis: 1) focal changes; 2) ground-glass lung induration; 3) lung consolidation; 4) interstitial thickening; 5) honeycomb lung. Lung computed tomographic changes were quantitatively evaluated by three independent specialists.

[Roentgenological semiotics of sarcoidosis].

The aim of this review was to summarize semiotics of X-ray and CT-observable manifestations of intrathoracic sarcoidosis and clarify the role of conventional X-ray examination and CT (including high resolution CT) in the diagnosis of this disease and its complications. Also analysed are changes in pulmonary parenchyma compared with those detected in morphological studies.

[Differential diagnosis of intrathoracic lymph node lesions in lymphomas].

UNLABELLED: Thoracic lymphomas most commonly afflict the lymph nodes of the mediastinum and lung roots. A diagnostic difficulty is due to selectivity of the lesion in different groups of lymph nodes, which may be accompanied by no x-ray changes in the early stages of the process and by a disseminated lesion and polymorphism of its manifestations in the extensive stages of the disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-three patients with intrathoracic lymph node lesion were examined in 2003 to 2008. Conventional x-ray was a primary study. Later on multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) was performed, which was, if needed, supplemented by bolus contrast media injection and, in some cases, by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Lymph nodes were involved by lymphoma in 154 patients, among which lymphogranulomatosis was in 74 cases, malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 59, and chronic lympholeukemia in 21. Seventy-nine patients had a similar x-ray pattern that required a differential diagnosis with lymphomas (central cancer in 29 cases, sarcoidosis in 16, metastatic lesion in 12, pneumoconiosis in 10, tuberculosis in 7, Castleman's disease in 2, and lymphangioleiomatosis in 1. CONCLUSION: the application of state-of-the-art radio technologies, primary MSCT, provides the maximal accurate differential diagnosis of intrathoracic lymph node lesion in lymphoma, which is the basis of timely treatment.

[Case of asbestosis with massive benign pleural involvement].

UNLABELLED: The article contains a case of asbestosis in woman aged 65 and long exposed to asbestos at work. X-ray signs proved asbestosis of lungs. Nodular masses in pleura revealed on pulmonary CT scans were considered as malignant mesothelioma. For diagnosis verification, videothoracoscopy with target biopsy of the nodes was performed. Histologic diagnosis - fragments of dense fibrous connective tissue. FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Asbestosis, s/s, p/p, 2/2. Pleural asbestosis. The authors stress importance of contemporary diagnostic techniques in occupational pathology.

[Radiation studies in the detection of early signs of lung tissue lesion in sarcoidosis].

The capacities of various radiation techniques in the study of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis are analyzed. The sequence of their use, which ensures a high informative value, is proposed. By analyzing the X-ray semiotics in 45 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, the authors give the diagnostic signs of early lung parenchymal damage in this disease. Particular emphasis is placed on the procedure of lung X-ray computed tomography.

[Radiation diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases: Part I].

Based on the data on 150 patients with diffuse lung diseases, the authors present the X-ray and computed topographic semiotics of changes in lung tissue in a number of diseases from this group. The differential diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases has certain difficulties whose solution is association with the application of complex radiation studies (digital fluorography, classical X-ray study, X-ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging). These techniques not only assess the status of the parenchyma of the lung and the extent of a process, but also permit a follow-up monitoring and evaluation of the efficiency of the therapy performed.

[Radiologic diagnosis of different forms of acute pancreatitis]. / Luchevaia diagnostika razlichnykh form ostrogo pankreatita.

By using their data on 123 patients with different forms of pancreatitis, the authors describe the ultrasound and computed tomographic semiotics of this condition. The authors consider ultrasonography and computed tomography to be highly informative in diagnosing different forms of the disease and its complications. Both methods not only assess the pancreatic parenchyma, the extent of the process to the adjacent anatomic structures, but permit a follow-up and diagnostic and treatment measures under their visual guidance.