ABSTRACT
Greeting the mentally disabled has largely changed with time. The first attempts to assume "idiots", as Esquirol characterized them, are due to him and his followers, among whom must be mentioned Seguin and Bourneville, whose ward in Bicêtre Hospital was unfortunately suppressed in 1920. A gap appeared then, which private actions tried to fill by founding institutions for mentally disabled children. Nothing has been planned to greet them when grown adults, probably because their life expectancy was then precarious. It is not so at the present time, and their ageing creates a great problem.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/history , Child , Disabled Children/history , France , History, 19th Century , Humans , Intellectual Disability/therapySubject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Maternal-Fetal Exchange/physiology , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis , VaccinationABSTRACT
Many legal provisions exist that aim at preventing children from being abandoned. However, in some instances, these apparently beneficial measures result in de facto abandonments. In such cases, the abandonment is delayed, and as a result the child is no longer eligible for adoption. This situation leads to a number of successive changes that are emotionally detrimental to the child. We need prophylactic measures aimed at obtaining the "consent to adoption" from mothers who obviously feel and are incapable of being mothers in the full sense of the term.
Subject(s)
Adoption/legislation & jurisprudence , Child, Abandoned , Abortion, Induced , Adolescent , Child , Child Welfare , Child, Abandoned/legislation & jurisprudence , Female , France , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in AdolescenceSubject(s)
Amenorrhea/etiology , Anorexia Nervosa/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Amenorrhea/complications , Child , Female , HumansSubject(s)
Juvenile Delinquency/rehabilitation , Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Adolescent , Child , Emergencies , Female , France , History, 20th Century , Hospital Units/organization & administration , Humans , Juvenile Delinquency/legislation & jurisprudence , Juvenile Delinquency/psychology , Male , Mental Health Services/historySubject(s)
Anorexia Nervosa/psychology , Family , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Maternal Behavior , Parent-Child Relations , Paternal Behavior , Sibling RelationsABSTRACT
This paper reports the case of a female patient hospitalized twice at a twelve-year interval in the same department. During the first hospitalization at the age of fifteen clinical findings and results of projective tests had led to consider schizophrenia. The patient had been entered upon a Sakel cure. Twelve years later, this twenty-seven-year-old patient has no symptoms pointing to schizophrenia. Her mental organization and the nature of the relationships she establishes with others rather suggest pathologic personality organizations which are now better known, especially narcissic pathology. While the answers to projective tests performed at a twelve-year interval are very similar, the interpretation of these tests no longer focuses upon the same issues. This observation is especially interesting as an illustration of the developments which have taken place in the psychopathological approach and as material for an a posteriori discussion of the Sakel cure which has now been practically abandoned. Lastly, this observation clearly shows that strict focusing upon the diagnostic neurosis-psychosis alternative is an oversimplification. From this viewpoint, the wide field of conditions designated as "borderline" has led to more dynamic discussions and more subtle therapeutic choices.
Subject(s)
Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Adult , Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Diagnostic Errors , Female , Humans , Interview, Psychological , Neurotic Disorders/diagnosis , Rorschach Test , Schizophrenia/therapy , Thematic Apperception TestABSTRACT
The cause of infantile austism is as yet unknown. However, many studies have addressed the possibility of genetic transmission. Although a chromosomal abnormality has been outruled, an increasing number of studies in families and twins have shown that at least some symptoms of infantile autism may be transmitted genetically. However, up till now, transmission modalities and the exact nature of what is transmitted are unsure.
Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/genetics , Autistic Disorder/complications , Child , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosome Disorders , Diseases in Twins , Female , Humans , Mental Disorders/complications , Pregnancy , Risk , Twins, Dizygotic , Twins, MonozygoticABSTRACT
The referrals for urgent psychiatric treatment were studied systematically to improve our understanding of the acute forms of psychological distress in children and adolescents and the crisis situations which disrupt the usual relationships between the child and his family. During the last 12 months, 212 requests for urgent psychiatric opinion in children under 18 years of age were received. The following points were analyzed: --general: age, sex, geographical distribution of the patients and their families, present family conditions, socio-economic class, origin of the urgent referral; --psychological or psychopathological: presenting symptoms, organisation of the personality of the child or adolescent, previous psychological or psychiatric history; --practical: the emergency management, ulterior orientation. The authors conclude with some remarks on the possible lines of action in the emergency situations.
Subject(s)
Crisis Intervention , Mental Disorders/therapy , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Parent-Child Relations , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsSubject(s)
Family , Father-Child Relations , Mother-Child Relations , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , France , Humans , Infant , Literature, Modern , MaleABSTRACT
Adolescent anorexia nervosa is characterised by its relationship to pubertal conflicts. The authors report two cases showing that this syndrome is not confined to girls. In boys, it usually results in delayed puberty. The diagnostic criteria are detailed. The concept of pathological process, causing stereotyped syndrome, is distinguished from the notion of psychological organisation which gives rise to wide individual variation. The pathological outcome is considered in the context of pubertal dynamics, marked by the reemergence of the oedipus conflict and the rearrangement of the patients identificatory systems, and also in the continuity of the particular libidinal behaviour, characterised by important points of fixation of the oral pulsion. The role of the family group in the initiation and maintenance of the anorectic behaviour is also discussed.
