[Content of salicylic and jasmonic acids in pea roots (Pisum sativum L.) at the initial stage of symbiotic or pathogenic interaction with bacteria of the family Rhizobiaceae].

A change in the contents of endogenous salicylic and jasmonic acids in the roots of the host plant at the preinfectious stage of interaction with symbiotic (Rhizobium leguminosarum) and pathogenic (Agrobacterium rizogenes) bacteria belonging for to the family Rhizobiaceae was studied. It was found that the jasmonic acid content increased 1.5­2 times 5 min after inoculation with these bacterial species. It was shown that dynamics of the change in the JA and SA contents depends on the type of infection. Thus, the JA content decreased in the case of pathogenesis, while the SA content increased. At the same time, an increased JA content was observed during symbiosis. The observed regularities could indicate the presence of different strategies of hormonal regulation for interaction with symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria belonging to the family Rhizobiaceae in peas plants.

[Secretion of Phenolic Compounds into Root Exudates of Pea Seedlings upon Inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae or Pseudomonas siringae pv. Pisi].

The content of apigenin, naringenin, pisatin, dibutyl-ortho-phthalate, and N-phenyl-2-naphthyl-amine were assayed in root exudates of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings one day after their inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum, bv. viceae or Pseudomonas siringae pv. pisi, which represent, respectively, mutualistic and antagonistic strategies of interaction with a host plant. After inoculation with either bacteria, the concentrations of apigenin and pisatin in the root exudates were equal, whereas the concentrations of naringenin and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine were different and those of dibutyl-o-phthalate were unchanged. A certain role is suggested for the phenolic compounds in an accomplishment of symbiotic relations of bacteria with a host plant.

Ortho-phthalic acid esters in lipophilic extract from the cell culture of Aconitum baicalense Turcz ex Rapaics 1907.

Optically active bis-2R(-)ethylhexyl o-phthalate was obtained with 0.18% yield from dry cultured cells of Aconitum baicalense Turcz ex Rapaics 1907 by extraction with petroleum ether followed by silica gel column chromatography. Its structure was confirmed by the analysis of 13C and 1H NMR spectra. Seasonal fluctuations of quantitative phthalate content in A. baicalense cells were identified. The tests were performed under conditions excluding the presence of phthalates in reagents, materials, and laboratory dishes. The same substance was shown to be produced by cultivated cells of other plants. Biosynthesis of esters of ortho-phthalic acid by cultivated plant cells was discovered for the first time.

[Role of allelopathic compositions in the regulation and development of legume-rhizobial symbiosis].

It was discovered that aromatic compounds isolated from root exudates of three legume species (Pisum sativum L., Vicia faba L. var. major Hartz, and Glycine max L. MERR) and identified as N-phenyl-2-naphthyl amine, dibutyl, and dioctyl esters of orthophthalic acid, which are known to work as negative allelopathic substances, are involved in the regulation of legume-rhizobial symbiosis formation after the inoculation of roots with rhizobia under unfavorable conditions for symbiosis.

Determination of cAMP in plant cells by a modified enzyme immunoassay method.

Presently, there is no doubt about the functioning of the adenylate cyclase signaling system in plants, but the role of this system in various physiological-biochemical processes has been investigated insufficiently. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the key component produced by adenylate cyclase, whose concentrations in plant cells vary rather widely, is the indicator of functional activity for this signaling way. In the latter case, in the process of determination of concentrations of this messenger, one encounters difficulties related to insufficient sensitivity of the methods most frequently applied. In this connection, the proposed mechanism is a modification of the method of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which is based on immediate measurement of cAMP concentrations in the sample with the use of antibodies. This modification allows us to determine the concentrations of cAMP with the precision of 5 pM, which exceeds the sensitivity of other methods by approximately 10 times. The specificity of the assay has been confirmed by other two independent tests--the capillary electrophoresis and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It has also been compared to the data obtained with the use of the commercial kit from Sigma-Aldrich. The modification has been tested on such plant objects as in vitro potato plants, and suspension cells of potato and Arabidopsis.

Characteristics of thiol:protein disulfide oxidoreductase from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain.

Biochemical properties of a homogenous preparation of thiol:protein disulfide oxidoreductase (TPDO, EC 1.8.4.2) isolated for the first time from mature wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain were studied. According to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data, the molecular weight of TPDO is around 167 kD, the enzyme consisting of two subunits of 77 and 73 kD, which differentiates TPDO from known enzymes of SH/SS-metabolism of wheat caryopses. In substrate specificity and enzymatic characteristics (pH and temperature optima) TPDO is similar to analogous enzymes of animal tissues. Inhibition of disulfide reductase activity by alkylating agents and heavy metal ions suggests the participation of active center SH-groups in the catalytic act and classes the enzyme as a member of the thioredoxin superfamily. The SS-reductase reduces aggregating capacity of acetic acid-soluble fraction of wheat storage proteins. The proposed physiological role of TPDO is participation in creation and regulation of SH/SS-status of wheat endosperm proteins and formation of the rheological properties of gluten.

The effect of low-intensity laser irradiation on the hydrolytic activity of vacuolar membrane proton pumps.

The effect of low-intensity irradiation by a helium-neon laser on the hydrolytic activity of the vacuolar membrane proton pumps has been studied. The maximum effect was found for the 3 min irradiation from a close distance (0.3 m); moreover, the PPase activity increased by 33%, whereas the ATPase activity was inhibited by 44%. The effect described is suggested to be due to different conformations of the enzymes in the membrane and their different physiological roles.