ABSTRACT
Different studies suggest that the strategies and narrative styles that people use to construct their autobiographical accounts have repercussions on their self-organization, as well as on their identity experience and their conception of the world. Empirical evidence supports changes in different aspects related to process, structure, and content in the narrative of clients during the course of the therapeutic process; these, in turn, seem to condition the course and the results of the process. In this paper we will seek to show, based on a case study and through the application of a method of phenomenological-narrative analysis, what are the predominant narrative strategies that a client uses in order to shape her autobiographical narrative in the initial and final moments of her psychotherapeutic process. Our data suggest that the narrative strategies at the beginning and end of the therapy are qualitatively differentiable. Changes are observed in the plot of the respective accounts, as well as a differentiated mode in the use of narrative functions. More specifically toward the end of psychotherapy, the client makes a deeper characterization of herself and others, based on predicates of a subjectivating, interpretive, and evaluative-reflective kind. She also predominantly uses proconcluding metacomments, which could facilitate the integration of problematic experiences. In summary, our data suggest that after a successful therapeutic process the client uses more complex and integrated narrative strategies for the construction of her autobiographical account.
ABSTRACT
Urgida por la necesidad de justificarla e incluirla como una rama médica, así como de otorgarle credibilidad y defender su autoridad al abordar los llamados desórdenes mentales, la profesión psiquiátrica se ha inclinado a privilegiar los modelos biológicos y conceptualizar estos fenómenos como resultados de disfunciones orgánicas. Sin embargo, en este artículo se señala que la labor del psicopatólogo supone una valoración comprensiva y biográfica de los marcos interpretativos, las acciones y la personalidad del enfermo como unidad intencional e histórica. Se reafirma la especificidad del discurso psicológico y psiquiátrico, y los supuestos de apoyo. Se discuten aspectos del diagnóstico y la labor clínica en psicopatología a la luz de la propuesta narrativa de Paul Ricoeur.
Pressed by the need to justify itself within the medical field, acquire credibility and defend its authority when addressing the so-called mental disorders, the psychiatric profession has been historically inclined to favor biological models and conceptualize such disorders as the result of organic dysfunctions. However, the article points out that the work of the psychopathologist involves a comprehensive and biographical assessment of the interpretive frameworks, the actions, and the personality of the patient as an intentional and historical being. The paper also reaffirms the specificity of psychological and psychiatric discourse and its supporting assumptions, and discusses aspects of psychopathological diagnosis and clinical work from the perspective of Paul Ricoeur's narrative analysis proposal.
Urgida pela necessidade de justificá-la e incluí-la como um ramo médico, assim como de outorgar-lhe credibilidade e defender sua autoridade ao abordar as chamadas desordens mentais, a profissão psiquiátrica vem se inclinando para privilegiar os modelos biológicos e conceitualizar esses fenômenos como resultados de disfunções orgânicas. Contudo, neste artigo, assinala-se que o trabalho do psicopatologista supõe uma valorização compreensiva e biográfica dos marcos interpretativos, as ações e a personalidade do doente como unidade intencional e histórica. Reafirma-se a especificidade do discurso psicológico e psiquiátrico, e os supostos de apoio. Discutem-se aspectos do diagnóstico e o trabalho clínico em psicopatologia à luz da proposta narrativa de Paul Ricoeur.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnosis , Psychopathology , KnowledgeABSTRACT
Nos propusimos identificar y analizar los supuestos filosóficos que subyacen al empleo de nociones, categorías y criterios diagnósticos psicopatológicos, tanto durante la pericia forense como en la posterior reconstrucción de un caso, dentro del derecho penal. Se diseñó un sistema de categorías que sirvió como instrumento para el análisis fenomenológico y narrativo de casos penales de homicidio (cometidos bajo un estado de emoción violenta). A los fines del análisis se aplicó el paquete informático Atlas Ti. En base al mismo, y partiendo del estudio de un caso en profundidad, procuramos identificar supuestos filosóficos así como también estrategias discursivas y narrativas que se ponen en juego dentro del espacio de entrecruzamiento del derecho, la psicología y la psiquiatría. Asimismo, intentamos mostrar de qué modo el discurso psicopatológico apela, al menos dentro del ámbito forense y judicial, a categorías y a nociones que pertenecen a diferentes niveles lógico-discursivos; a saber: uno personal y otro subpersonal.
The aim of this research has been to identify and analyze the philosophical basis of the diagnosis in legal cases where psychological appraisal is needed. We have designed a narrative analysis instrument that has been applied to one legal case of murder. In the analysis, qualitative analysis software Atlas Ti was used. In the narrative analysis it was taken into account the elements that were used in the psychological and psychiatric reports and the case reconstruction. Additionally, some key elements for the reconstruction of the cases used by lawyers were analyzed. As a result of this research, philosophical basic concepts were identified as well as discursive and narrative strategies that are implemented in a space where law, psychology and psychiatry relate. Also, it was attempted to evidence how the psychopathological discourse appeals to the forensic and legal field to categories belonging to different logical discursive order, such as the personal and the sub personal levels.
