Prediction of the pre-eclampsia in the first trimester - pilot study.

AIM OF STUDY: Aim of study was to find out the possibility of prediction of pre-eclampsia in the first trimester among patients with risk factors. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective study. Name and seat of workplace: 1st Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comenius University in Bratislava, the University Hospital of Bratislava. METHODS: Study included 77 women, who were examined in first trimester between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation from 1. 6. 2016 to 1. 6. 2017 in 1st Department of Gynecology and Obstetric in the Comenius University Hospital in the Bratislava and enlisted patients delivered until 31. 2. 2018. The study was approved by Hospital Ethics Committee and all patients signed consent form. We included patients, who ran at least one risk factor for developing pre-eclampsia, nulliparous, pregnancy after assisted reproduction technology, body mass index 25 in the beginning of pregnancy, age of patients and multiple gestation pregnancy. In addition, an ultrasound scans were performed in the first trimester. Doppler ultrasound pulsality index of uterine artery, pregnancy-associated plasma protein and mean arterial pressure were used for prediction of the pre-eclampsia. Sensitivity and specificity of test were calculated. We assessed pre-eclampsia according to diagnostic criteria of the American College Obstetricians and Gynecologists. In the last part, we compared perinatal and maternal outcomes in the pre-eclampsia group and in the control group. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was realized by the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Software. Risk factors were analysed by using Fisher exact test and Odds ratio. Mann-Whitney test and a one way analysis of variance were used for comparison the pre-eclampsia group and the control group. RESULTS: Patients, whose had got conceived after assisted reproduction technology, had significant higher probability of pre-eclampsia (Odds ratio = 7.7, p = 0.028). Patients with multiple gestation pregnancy had also significant higher risk of pre-eclampsia (Odds ratio = 16.5, p = 0.031). Mean arterial pressure was only significant as predictive test in 12th weeks of gestation. Adverse perinatal outcomes and higher rate of cesarean section were in the preeclampsia group. CONCLUSION: Mean arterial pressure is easy to use and cost-effective predictor, but sensitivity was only 66.6% and specificity 49%.

Analyses of severe acute maternal morbidity in Slovakia during years 2012-2016.

AIM: Severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) is a state of the woman, when she nearly died, but survived. The aim of study was to find out the exact incidence of SAMM in Slovakia, establishment of functional surveillance system and improve quality of health care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The regular annual analyses of SAMM cases in Slovakia from January 1st 2012 to December 31st 2016. Observed SAMM included: peripartum haemorrhage, peripartum hysterectomy, uterine rupture, abnormally invasive placenta, HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, sepsis, transport to intensive care unit or anaesthesiology and non-fatal amniotic fluid embolism. RESULTS: The response rate of questionnaires was 84.8 %. The overall confirmed incidence of SAMM was 6.35/1,000 births (95% CI 6.03-6.67). The most often causes of SAMM were: peripartum haemorrhage (2.1/1,000 births), transport to intensive care unit or anaesthesiology (1.46/1,000 births), peripartum hysterectomy (0.84/1,000 births) and HELLP syndrome (0.63/1,000 births). The average age of women with SAMM was 30.3 years (14-46) and average parity was 1.16 (0-15). CONCLUSION: The incidence of SAMM and especially incidence of peripartum haemorrhage and peripartum hysterectomy in Slovakia is one of the highest in Europe. To decrease incidence and improve management and outcome of patients, regular audit of SAMM is needed (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 30).

Active surveillance of incidence and risk factors of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome in Slovakia.

OBJECTIVE: Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelets syndrome (HELLP syndrome) is one of the actively haunted maternal morbidity through Slovak Obstetric Survey System (SOSS), the organisation for surveillance of severe maternal morbidity and mortality in Slovakia. METHODS: The questionaires were sent in 55 Obstetric Units in Slovakia. The analyzed and here presented data had been collected cases those happened in the period from 1.1.2012 till 31.12.2014. Controls were women from SR during observed years, who delivered without HELLP syndrome. RESULTS: The return rate of questionnaires was 89.67 %, thus covering 146 972 deliveries during the study period in Slovakia. The exact incidence of HELLP syndrome was 0.63/1000 deliveries (CI 95 % 0.51-0.78). Risk factors were age > 30 (OR = 1.63), nuliparous (OR = 2.96), pregnancy after assisted reproduction technology (OR = 8.29) and multiple pregnancy OR = 9.19). The mean gestation age at delivery was 33.8th weeks. Vaginal delivery was by 10 (10.8 %) patients with HELLP syndrome and in the 83 (89.2 %) patients pregnancy was terminated with acute caesarean section. There were reported 45 050 cases (30.7 %) of the caesarean section in the control group throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: The older age, nulliparity, multiple pregnancy and pregnancy after assisted reproduction techniques was identified as a significant risk factors of HELLP syndrome (Tab. 5, Fig. 1, Ref. 21).

[Analysis of maternal morbidity and mortality in Slovak Republic in the years 2007-2012]. / Analýza materskej morbidity a mortality v Slovenskej republike v rokoch 2007-2012.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of maternal morbidity and mortality in Slovak Republic (SR) in the years 2007-2012. DESIGN: Epidemiological perinatological nation-wide. SETTINGS: 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics School of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. METHODS: The analysis of selected maternal morbidity and mortality data prospective collected in the years 2007-2012 from all obstetrics hospitals in the Slovak Republic. RESULTS: Caesarean section rate progressively increased from 24.1% in the year 2007 up to 30.3% in the year 2012. In the year 2012 the frequency of vacuum-extraction was 1.4%, forceps 0.6%, perineal tears 3th and 4th degree 0.49% and episiotomy 65%. Incidence of total severe acute maternal morbidity was 6.34 per 1,000 births. Incidence (per 1,000 births) of transport to anaesthesiology department/intensive care unit was 2.32, postpartum hysterectomy 0.72, HELLP syndrome 0.63, eclampsia 0.29, abnormal placental invasion 0.37, uterine rupture 0.27, severe sepsis in pregnancy and puerperium 0.21. In the years 2007-2012 frequency of fatal amniotic fluid embolism was 2.46/100,000 maternities or 2.43/100,000 live-births. Maternal mortality ratio in this period was 14 per 100,000 live births and pregnancy-related deaths ratio was 11.9 per 100,000 live births. CONCLUSION: In the year 2012 Slovakia reached the highest caesarean section rate in her own history - 30.3%. Incidence of severe acute maternal morbidity was 6.34 per 1,000 births. Maternal mortality ratio in Slovakia was one of the highest in European Union. Decreasing of caesarean section rate and episiotomy, incidence of severe acute maternal morbidity and maternal mortality still need to be improved in Slovak Republic.