ABSTRACT
Recently, a new film for intraoral radiography was introduced, the Kodak Insight Dental film. The manufacturer claims that this film requires a reduced exposure time compared to Ektaspeed Plus-film, whereas other relevant film characteristics remained unchanged. These claims were investigated in this study. The exposure time of the Insight-film was on average 17% less than that of Ektaspeed Plus-film upon standard manual development, and 49% less than that of Kodak Ultraspeed-film. Compared to the E-speed film, the Insight-film has an identical gradient and spatial resolution (> 10 lp/mm). Compared to the D-speed film the gradient was larger, indicating a better contrast, whereas the resolution was the same. It was concluded that the Insight Dental film can be used in intraoral radiographic diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Radiography, Dental/trends , X-Ray Film/standards , HumansABSTRACT
Two young women vacationing in Kiev just after the Chernobyl accident received light radioactive contamination in and on their bodies, and on their clothing. The internal and external body contaminations were determined using a whole body counter and a pure germanium detector on two dates, 80 days apart. The total body activity that could not be diminished by washing corresponded to 50 kBq at the time of contamination. Important internal radionuclides were 131I, 137Cs and 134Cs causing a committed effective dose equivalent of 0.4 mSv. The biological half-life of Cs was 60 days. In the clothing 16 different radionuclides, including 239Np, were found at various levels of activity.
Subject(s)
Accidents , Cesium Radioisotopes/analysis , Nuclear Reactors , Radioactive Fallout/analysis , Travel , Adult , Clothing , Female , Half-Life , Humans , Netherlands , Ukraine , Whole-Body CountingABSTRACT
Following the Chernobyl accident, rainwater was collected in the Nijmegen area during the first three weeks of May 1986. The radionuclides found in the water were 131I, 132Te, 132I, 140La, 134Cs, 137Cs and 103Ru. On the first rainy day, an activity concentration of 9 kBq l-1 was measured, with specific activities of 2.7 kBq l-1 for 131I and 2.3 kBq l-1 for each of 132Te and 132I. The total activity precipitated per square kilometer in this period was approximately 55 GBq. Fresh spinach picked in Nijmegen on 7 May had an activity of 1.5 kBq kg-1.
Subject(s)
Accidents , Air Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Air Pollutants/analysis , Nuclear Reactors , Rain , Water Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Water Pollutants/analysis , Weather , Humans , Netherlands , UkraineABSTRACT
An updated genetically significant X-ray dose (GSD) for The Netherlands is presented. A comparison is made between sets of gonadal doses from The Netherlands, France, Sweden and the USA. A 1980 (Dutch) frequency distribution of diagnostic X-ray examinations served to calculate the GSD with these four sets of doses yielding 0.23, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.09 mSv, respectively. A reduction of the Dutch GSD appears possible.
