[Papillary fibroelastoma: retrospective analysis. Clinical presentation and surgical results]. / Fibroelastoma papilar cardíaco: estudio retrospectivo. Presentación clínica y resultados quirúrgicos.

Papillary ibroelastomas are small benign intracardiac tumors known for their embolic potential. Since the introduction of echocardiography with improved resolution and transesophageal imaging techniques, they are being increasingly detected in clinical practice. In recent series, papillary fibroelastoma is considered the most frequent benign tumor of the heart. Our objective was to analyze characteristics and midterm surgical outcome of histologically-confirmed cases of papillary fibroelastoma. We conducted a retrospective study on patients with cardiac tumors submitted to surgical excision between June 1992 and February 2017. Out of 108 patients, 18 had papillary fibroelastomas. Their mean age was 58 years (22-77); 10 were men. The most frequent localizations were the aortic valve (7) and the mitral valve (5). None had significant valvular dysfunction. By transesophageal echocardiography, the tumor size (larger diameter) was 13.33 ± 5.55 mm (6.6-28.0). Two patients, both with tumor in the aortic valve, had suffered a stroke; other two had dyspnoea and atrial flutter, respectively. The remaining 14 patients were asymptomatic and their tumors were incidental findings. In 15 patients the valve was preserved. There was neither surgical mortality nor recurrence after 2.6 years of follow-up. In conclusion, most papillary fibroelastomas can be surgically removed with valve preservation and favorable clinical outcome. However, until the results of randomized trials support the decision, an aggressive surgical approach in asymptomatic patients needs to be defined in the context of surgical expertise.

Fibroelastoma papilar cardíaco: estudio retrospectivo: Presentación clínica y resultados quirúrgicos / Fibroelastoma papilar cardíaco: estudio retrospectivo: Presentación clínica y resultados quirúrgicos

Los fibroelastomas papilares cardíacos son pequeños tumores benignos con potencial embolígeno. Con la incorporación de la ecocardiografía y la mejoría en la resolución de las imágenes, el diagnóstico clínico es cada vez más frecuente, y en series recientes su frecuencia supera a la del mixoma cardíaco. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las características de una serie de casos de fibroelastoma papilar cardíaco con confirmación histológica operados en nuestro hospital. Analizamos retrospectivamente los tumores cardíacos y las características clínicas de los pacientes operados desde junio de 1992 a febrero de 2017. De 108 operados, 18 presentaron fibroelastoma papilar. La edad media del grupo con fibroelastoma papilar fue 58 años (22-77); 10 eran varones. Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron la válvula aórtica (7) y la válvula mitral (5). Ninguno presentó disfunción valvular significativa. Por ecografía transesofágica, el tamaño (diámetro mayor) fue 13.33 ± 5.55 mm (6.6-28.0). Cuatro pacientes eran sintomáticos; uno presentaba disnea, otro aleteo auricular, dos con fibroelastoma en válvula aórtica habían sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular. Los restantes, asintomáticos, fueron intervenidos preventivamente. En 15 pacientes el tumor se extirpó sin necesidad de reemplazo valvular. No hubo mortalidad quirúrgica ni recidiva tumoral en el seguimiento de 2.6 años. Se concluye que los fibroelastomas papilares cardíacos pueden ser extirpados con buenos resultados a mediano plazo y, en su mayoría, con preservación valvular. Sin embargo, no existen aún estudios aleatorizados que avalen la escisión quirúrgica en pacientes asintomáticos. Por el momento, esta última depende de la experiencia del grupo quirúrgico tratante.

Papillary ibroelastomas are small benign intracardiac tumors known for their embolic potential. Since the introduction of echocardiography with improved resolution and transesophageal imaging techniques, they are being increasingly detected in clinical practice. In recent series, papillary fibroelastoma is considered the most frequent benign tumor of the heart. Our objective was to analyze characteristics and midterm surgical outcome of histologically-confirmed cases of papillary fibroelastoma. We conducted a retrospective study on patients with cardiac tumors submitted to surgical excision between June 1992 and February 2017. Out of 108 patients, 18 had papillary fibroelastomas. Their mean age was 58 years (22-77); 10 were men. The most frequent localizations were the aortic valve (7) and the mitral valve (5). None had significant valvular dysfunction. By transesophageal echocardiography, the tumor size (larger diameter) was 13.33 ± 5.55 mm (6.6-28.0). Two patients, both with tumor in the aortic valve, had suffered a stroke; other two had dyspnoea and atrial flutter, respectively. The remaining 14 patients were asymptomatic and their tumors were incidental findings. In 15 patients the valve was preserved. There was neither surgical mortality nor recurrence after 2.6 years of follow-up. In conclusion, most papillary fibroelastomas can be surgically removed with valve preservation and favorable clinical outcome. However, until the results of randomized trials support the decision, an aggressive surgical approach in asymptomatic patients needs to be defined in the context of surgical expertise.

[Acute aortic regurgitation due to infective endocarditis]. / Insuficiencia aórtica aguda por endocarditis infecciosa.

Acute aortic regurgitation (AAR) due to infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease and usually requires surgical treatment. Our study aims to compare the clinical, echocardiographic, and microbiological characteristics as well as in-hospital outcome of patients with AAR according to the severity of heart failure (HF) and to evaluate predictors of in-hospital mortality in a tertiary centre. In a prospective analysis, we compared patients with NYHA functional class I-II HF (G1) vs. functional class III-IV HF (G2). From 06/92 to 07/16, 439 patients with IE were hospitalized; 86 presented AAR: (G1, 39: 45.4% y G2, 47: 54.7%). The G1 had higher prosthetic IE (43.6% vs. 17%, p 0.01). All G2 patients had dyspnoea vs. 30.8% of the G1 (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in clinical, echocardiographic and microbiological characteristics. Surgical treatment was indicated mainly due to infection extension or valvular dysfunction in G1 and HF in G2. In-hospital mortality was 15.4% vs. 27.7% (G1 and G2 respectively p NS). In multivariate analysis, health care-associated acquisition (p 0.001), negative blood cultures (p 0.004), and functional class III-IV HF (p 0.039) were in-hospital mortality predictors. One-fifth of the patients with EI had AAR. Half of them had severe HF which needed emergency surgery and the remaining needed surgery for extension of the infection and / or valvular dysfunction. Both groups remain to have high surgical and in-hospital mortality. Health care-associated acquisition, negative blood cultures and advanced HF were predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Insuficiencia aórtica aguda por endocarditis infecciosa / Acute aortic regurgitation due to infective endocarditis

La insuficiencia aórtica aguda (IAOA) por endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es grave y generalmente requiere tratamiento quirúrgico. Se compararon los pacientes con IAOA grave por EI e insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) en clase funcional I-II NYHA (G1) con los pacientes en clase funcional III-IV (G2) en relación a características clínicas, ecocardiográficas, microbiológicas y evolución hospitalaria y se evaluaron los predictores de mortalidad, en un centro de alta complejidad. Desde 06/92 a 07/16, de 439 pacientes con EI, 86 presentaron IAOA: (G1, 39: 45.4% y G2, 47: 54.7%). El G1 presentó mayor EI protésica (43.6% vs. 17.0%; p < 0.01). Los 47 casos G2 presentaban disnea vs. 12 (30.8%) G1 (p < 0.0001). No hubo diferencias en cuanto a las características clínicas, ecocardiográficas y microbiológicas. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue principalmente por extensión de la infección y/disfunción valvular en el G1 y por IC en el G2. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 15.4% vs. 27.7% (G1 y G2 respectivamente, p NS). Fueron predictores en el análisis multivariado: la infección intrahospitalaria (p 0.001), los hemocultivos negativos (p 0.004) y la presencia de IC clase funcional III-IV (p 0.039).Una quinta parte de los pacientes con EI presentaron IAOA. Aquellos con IC grave requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico de emergencia y con IC con clase funcional I-II requirieron cirugía por extensión de la infección y/o disfunción valvular. La mortalidad quirúrgica y hospitalaria continúan siendo elevadas en ambos grupos y fueron predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria: la infección intrahospitalaria, los hemocultivos negativos y la IC avanzada.

Acute aortic regurgitation (AAR) due to infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease and usually requires surgical treatment. Our study aims to compare the clinical, echocardiographic, and microbiological characteristics as well as in-hospital outcome of patients with AAR according to the severity of heart failure (HF) and to evaluate predictors of in-hospital mortality in a tertiary centre. In a prospective analysis, we compared patients with NYHA functional class I-II HF (G1) vs. functional class III-IV HF (G2). From 06/92 to 07/16, 439 patients with IE were hospitalized; 86 presented AAR: (G1, 39: 45.4% y G2, 47: 54.7%). The G1 had higher prosthetic IE (43.6% vs. 17%, p 0.01). All G2 patients had dyspnoea vs. 30.8% of the G1 (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in clinical, echocardiographic and microbiological characteristics. Surgical treatment was indicated mainly due to infection extension or valvular dysfunction in G1 and HF in G2. In-hospital mortality was 15.4% vs. 27.7% (G1 and G2 respectively p NS). In multivariate analysis, health care-associated acquisition (p 0.001), negative blood cultures (p 0.004), and functional class III-IV HF (p 0.039) were in-hospital mortality predictors. One-fifth of the patients with EI had AAR. Half of them had severe HF which needed emergency surgery and the remaining needed surgery for extension of the infection and / or valvular dysfunction. Both groups remain to have high surgical and in-hospital mortality. Health care-associated acquisition, negative blood cultures and advanced HF were predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico en pacientes octogenarios: resultados perioperatorios y seguimiento a mediano plazo / Aortic Valve Replacement in Octogenarian Patients: Perioperative Results and Mid-term Follow-up

Introducción El número de pacientes ancianos que requieren cirugía cardíaca por estenosis aórtica degenerativa ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas; no obstante, a muchos de ellos se les contraindica por el solo hecho de su edad avanzada. Para evaluar si en nuestro país la cirugía en este grupo etario continúa siendo una opción válida, es necesario conocer los resultados quirúrgicos, las complicaciones y la percepción de calidad de vida ganada por parte de los pacientes, datos que son escasos en la bibliografía argentina. Objetivos Comunicar la experiencia de un centro en la cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico en octogenarios y su seguimiento a mediano plazo. Material y métodos Desde enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2010, 96 pacientes consecutivos mayores de 80 años portadores de estenosis valvular aórtica grave degenerativa fueron sometidos a cirugía de reemplazo valvular asociada o no con revascularización miocárdica en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro. Los datos se obtuvieron en forma retrospectiva y se compararon ambas poblaciones en términos de morbimortalidad. Se realizó un seguimiento de los pacientes para análisis de calidad de vida a través de entrevistas personales y telefónicas. Resultados La edad de la población fue de 82 ± 2 años, el 54% de sexo masculino. El síntoma más común fue la disnea de esfuerzo, presente en el 84% de los pacientes. En 84 pacientes (77%) se halló algún grado de disfunción renal previa. Según el EuroSCORE aditivo, el 78,1% fueron pacientes de riesgo alto y el 17,7% de riesgo muy alto. Se les realizó reemplazo valvular aórtico aislado a 55 pacientes (grupo I) y asociado con revascularización miocárdica a los 41 restantes (grupo II). La mortalidad total a los 30 días fue del 7,3%, 3,6% en el grupo I y 12,2% en el grupo II (ns). Teniendo en cuenta las cirugías electivas, estas cifras descienden a 5,3%, 4,3% y 6,9%, respectivamente (ns). Durante el seguimiento a 6 años se registró una mortalidad acumulativa del 14%. En el seguimiento, el 94% se encontraba en CF I-II de la NYHA y el 88% no debió reinternarse por causa cardiovascular. Conclusiones La cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico en pacientes octogenarios, asociada o no con revascularización miocárdica, realizada en un centro con experiencia y en forma electiva es un procedimiento con buenos resultados a corto y a mediano plazos, por lo que no debería contraindicarse teniendo en cuenta en forma aislada la edad o el puntaje de riesgo prequirúrgico.

Introduction Over the last decades the number of elderly patients requiring cardiac surgery due to degenerative aortic stenosis has consistently increased. However, this intervention is contraindicated in many of these patients due to their advanced age. To assess whether in our country this type of surgery is still a valid option, it is necessary to know the surgical results, complications and quality of life gained perceived by the patients, data which are scarce in the Argentine literature. Objectives The aim of this study was to communicate the experience of a center on aortic valve replacement in octogenarian patients and their mid-term follow-up. Methods From January 2005 to December 2010, 96 consecutive patients older than 80 years with degenerative severe aortic stenosis, underwent aortic valve replacement associated or not with coronary artery bypass grafting at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro. Retrospective morbidity and mortality data were compared between both populations. Follow-up to analyse quality of life was made through personal and telephone interviews. Results Mean age was 82±2 years and 54% were men. Exercise dyspnea was the most common symptom present in 84% of the study population. Eighty-four patients (77%) presented with some degree of previous renal dysfunction. According to the additive EuroSCORE, 78.1% of patients were at high and 17.7% at very high surgical risk. Isolated aortic valve replacement was performed in 55 patients (group I) and combined with coronary artery bypass grafting in the remaining 41 (group II). Overall 30-day mortality was 7.3%, 3.6% in group I and 12.2% in group II (ns). Taking into account elective surgeries, these percentages were reduced to 5.3%, 4.3% and 6.9%, respectively (ns). During the 6-year follow-up, cumulative mortality was 14%. At follow-up, 94% of patients were in FC I-II of the NYHA classification and 88% were not readmitted for a cardiovascular cause. Conclusions ...

Cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico en pacientes octogenarios: resultados perioperatorios y seguimiento a mediano plazo / Aortic Valve Replacement in Octogenarian Patients: Perioperative Results and Mid-term Follow-up

Introducción El número de pacientes ancianos que requieren cirugía cardíaca por estenosis aórtica degenerativa ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas; no obstante, a muchos de ellos se les contraindica por el solo hecho de su edad avanzada. Para evaluar si en nuestro país la cirugía en este grupo etario continúa siendo una opción válida, es necesario conocer los resultados quirúrgicos, las complicaciones y la percepción de calidad de vida ganada por parte de los pacientes, datos que son escasos en la bibliografía argentina. Objetivos Comunicar la experiencia de un centro en la cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico en octogenarios y su seguimiento a mediano plazo. Material y métodos Desde enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2010, 96 pacientes consecutivos mayores de 80 años portadores de estenosis valvular aórtica grave degenerativa fueron sometidos a cirugía de reemplazo valvular asociada o no con revascularización miocárdica en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro. Los datos se obtuvieron en forma retrospectiva y se compararon ambas poblaciones en términos de morbimortalidad. Se realizó un seguimiento de los pacientes para análisis de calidad de vida a través de entrevistas personales y telefónicas. Resultados La edad de la población fue de 82 ± 2 años, el 54% de sexo masculino. El síntoma más común fue la disnea de esfuerzo, presente en el 84% de los pacientes. En 84 pacientes (77%) se halló algún grado de disfunción renal previa. Según el EuroSCORE aditivo, el 78,1% fueron pacientes de riesgo alto y el 17,7% de riesgo muy alto. Se les realizó reemplazo valvular aórtico aislado a 55 pacientes (grupo I) y asociado con revascularización miocárdica a los 41 restantes (grupo II). La mortalidad total a los 30 días fue del 7,3%, 3,6% en el grupo I y 12,2% en el grupo II (ns). Teniendo en cuenta las cirugías electivas, estas cifras descienden a 5,3%, 4,3% y 6,9%, respectivamente (ns). Durante el seguimiento a 6 años se registró una mortalidad acumulativa del 14%. En el seguimiento, el 94% se encontraba en CF I-II de la NYHA y el 88% no debió reinternarse por causa cardiovascular. Conclusiones La cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico en pacientes octogenarios, asociada o no con revascularización miocárdica, realizada en un centro con experiencia y en forma electiva es un procedimiento con buenos resultados a corto y a mediano plazos, por lo que no debería contraindicarse teniendo en cuenta en forma aislada la edad o el puntaje de riesgo prequirúrgico.(AU)

Introduction Over the last decades the number of elderly patients requiring cardiac surgery due to degenerative aortic stenosis has consistently increased. However, this intervention is contraindicated in many of these patients due to their advanced age. To assess whether in our country this type of surgery is still a valid option, it is necessary to know the surgical results, complications and quality of life gained perceived by the patients, data which are scarce in the Argentine literature. Objectives The aim of this study was to communicate the experience of a center on aortic valve replacement in octogenarian patients and their mid-term follow-up. Methods From January 2005 to December 2010, 96 consecutive patients older than 80 years with degenerative severe aortic stenosis, underwent aortic valve replacement associated or not with coronary artery bypass grafting at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro. Retrospective morbidity and mortality data were compared between both populations. Follow-up to analyse quality of life was made through personal and telephone interviews. Results Mean age was 82±2 years and 54% were men. Exercise dyspnea was the most common symptom present in 84% of the study population. Eighty-four patients (77%) presented with some degree of previous renal dysfunction. According to the additive EuroSCORE, 78.1% of patients were at high and 17.7% at very high surgical risk. Isolated aortic valve replacement was performed in 55 patients (group I) and combined with coronary artery bypass grafting in the remaining 41 (group II). Overall 30-day mortality was 7.3%, 3.6% in group I and 12.2% in group II (ns). Taking into account elective surgeries, these percentages were reduced to 5.3%, 4.3% and 6.9%, respectively (ns). During the 6-year follow-up, cumulative mortality was 14%. At follow-up, 94% of patients were in FC I-II of the NYHA classification and 88% were not readmitted for a cardiovascular cause. Conclusions ...(AU)

Aneurisma congénito gigante de la orejuela de la aurícula izquierda / Giant Congenital Aneurysm of the Left Atrial Appendage

El aneurisma de la orejuela de la aurícula izquierda, ya sea congénito o adquirido, es una anomalía extremadamente rara. Es causado por la displasia congénita de los músculos auriculares o puede ser consecuencia de otras enfermedades cardíacas o sistémicas. Esta anomalía cardíaca generalmente es asintomática y su diagnóstico suele hacerse de manera incidental, pero en ocasiones puede manifestarse por taquiarritmias auriculares y/o por eventos tromboembólicos. En esta presentación se describe el caso de un paciente con un aneurisma congénito gigante de la orejuela de la aurícula izquierda.

Left atrial appendage aneurysm, either congenital or acquired, is a very rare anomaly. It is caused by congenital dysplasia of the atrial muscles, or it may be the result of other systemic or heart diseases. This anomaly is mostly asymptomatic and it is usually diagnosed incidentally; however, patients may present with atrial tachyarrhythmias and/or thromboembolic events. This report describes the case of a patient with giant congenital aneurysm of the left atrial appendage.

Aneurisma congénito gigante de la orejuela de la aurícula izquierda / Giant Congenital Aneurysm of the Left Atrial Appendage

El aneurisma de la orejuela de la aurícula izquierda, ya sea congénito o adquirido, es una anomalía extremadamente rara. Es causado por la displasia congénita de los músculos auriculares o puede ser consecuencia de otras enfermedades cardíacas o sistémicas. Esta anomalía cardíaca generalmente es asintomática y su diagnóstico suele hacerse de manera incidental, pero en ocasiones puede manifestarse por taquiarritmias auriculares y/o por eventos tromboembólicos. En esta presentación se describe el caso de un paciente con un aneurisma congénito gigante de la orejuela de la aurícula izquierda.(AU)

Left atrial appendage aneurysm, either congenital or acquired, is a very rare anomaly. It is caused by congenital dysplasia of the atrial muscles, or it may be the result of other systemic or heart diseases. This anomaly is mostly asymptomatic and it is usually diagnosed incidentally; however, patients may present with atrial tachyarrhythmias and/or thromboembolic events. This report describes the case of a patient with giant congenital aneurysm of the left atrial appendage.(AU)

In situ reconstruction with bovine pericardial tubular graft for aortic graft infection.

Prosthetic graft infection is a serious complication of abdominal aorta surgery. Its removal is always indicated because it prevents potential significant complications, but reconstruction is a technical challenge. The authors present a case of an in situ reconstruction with corrugated bovine pericardial tubular graft.

In situ reconstruction with bovine pericardial tubular graft for aortic graft infection / Reconstrução in situ de enxerto de pericárdio devido à infecção de enxerto aórtico

Prosthetic graft infection is a serious complication of abdominal aorta surgery. Its removal is always indicated because it prevents potential significant complications, but reconstruction is a technical challenge. The authors present a case of an in situ reconstruction with corrugated bovine pericardial tubular graft.

A infecção de um enxerto é uma complicação séria em cirurgia de aorta abdominal. A remoção deste enxerto é uma indicação obrigatória devido às potenciais e graves complicações. Entretanto, sua reconstrução é uma técnica complexa e, ao mesmo tempo, desafiadora. Os autores apresentam um caso de reconstrução in situ utilizando um enxerto tubular de pericárdio bovino corrugado.

Isquemia artrial crónica de miembro superior con resolución quirúrgica: relato de un caso poco frecuente / Chronic arterial ischemia of the upper extremity with surgical resolution: report of an uncommon patient

The arterial reconstruction as a treatment for chronic ischemia of the upper extremities is common during the current surgical practice. It represents only the 4% of the total vascular surgical operations, by which only few reports have been published in the worldwide literature. Ischemic pathology of the upper extremities differs from the lower extremities, because it is more frequent the observation of a history of embolia, trauma, collagen vascular disease and thromboanguiitis obliterans. The surgical resolution is not frequent and the loss of the extremity even less, due to the abundantly colateral circulation of the vascular tree. A patient with this pathology is reported and the surgical management is discussed.

Mixomas cardíacos: presentación clínica, resultados quirúrgicos y pronóstico a largo plazo / Cardiac Myxomas: Clinical Presentation, Surgical Outcomes and Long-term Prognosis

Introducción Los tumores cardíacos primarios constituyen una patología poco frecuente y de ellos el mixoma es el más común. Con el progreso acelerado de los métodos por imágenes se ha incrementado la frecuencia de su identificación in vivo. El cuadro clínico de presentación varía ampliamente de acuerdo con el tamaño y la localización tumoral. En Latinoamérica son escasas las comunicaciones acerca de los resultados quirúrgicos de la resección de mixomas cardíacos y del pronóstico a largo plazo. Objetivos Analizar la forma de presentación anatomoclínica, los resultados perioperatorios y la evolución de pacientes con mixoma cardíaco sometidos a resección quirúrgica. Material y métodos Revisión de 59 casos de mixomas cardíacos operados en nuestro centro entre 1992 y 2006. El seguimiento se realizó mediante consulta clínica, encuesta telefónica y ecocardiografía. Resultados La edad media fue de 53 ± 16,8 años. El 54,2% eran mujeres. La localización tumoral más frecuente fue en la aurícula izquierda en el 81% de los casos. La forma clínica de presentación fue obstructiva en el 52,5%, embólica en el 37,2%, constitucional en el 27,1%, arritmia supraventricular en el 22% y asintomática en el 10,1%. En dos casos (3,4%) se trató de recurrencias tumorales. El diámetro tumoral mayor se relacionó con la presentación obstructiva y la arritmia supraventricular. El diámetro tumoral menor se asoció con la presentación embólica. La localización ventricular se observó en pacientes más jóvenes. Se realizó resección tumoral asociada con revascularización coronaria en el 8,4% y cirugía valvular y/o de grandes vasos en el 13,5%. La mortalidad posoperatoria fue del 1,7% y las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron bloqueo auriculoventricular completo en el 23,7%, arritmia supraventricular en el 23,7% y bajo volumen minuto en el 18,6%. El seguimiento alejado se realizó en el 94,8% de los casos, con un promedio de 78,3 meses. El 65,5% de los pacientes evolucionaron asintomáticos. La complicación más frecuente durante el seguimiento fue la arritmia supraventricular en el 13,7%. Se constató un caso de recidiva tumoral. La mortalidad alejada fue del 6,8% (n = 4). Conclusiones El mixoma cardíaco habitualmente se diagnostica en pacientes sintomáticos. La cirugía posee una morbimortalidad baja, buen pronóstico a largo plazo y una tasa baja de recidiva en el seguimiento.

Background Primary heart tumors are very unfrequent, and among them, myxomas are most common. The development of new diagnostic imaging techniques has increased the in vivo diagnosis of cardiac myxomas. The clinical presentation varies with tumor size and location. In Latin America there is scanty information about the surgical results and long-term prognosis after the surgical resection of cardiac myxomas. Objectives To analyze the clinical presentation, pathological features, perioperative results and long-term outcomes of patients with cardiac myxoma undergoing surgical resection. Material and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 59 cases of cardiac myxomas operated on in our center between 1992 and 2006. Follow-up was obtained through clinic visits, telephone interview and echocardiography. Results Mean age was 53±16.8 years and 54.2% were women. Myxomas were more frequently located in the left atrium (81%). The presence of symptoms related to obstruction was the most frequent clinical presentation (52.5%), followed by symptoms related to embolization (37.2%), constitutional symptoms (27.1%) and supraventricular arrhythmias (22%); 10.1% of cases were asymptomatic. Recurrences occurred in 2 cases (3.4%). The tumor diameter correlated with the presence of symptoms related to obstruction and with supraventricular arrhythmias. Embolism was associated with smaller tumors. Ventricular location was observed in younger patients. Tumoral resection was associated with coronary revascularization in 8.4% of cases and with heart valve and/or great vessel surgery in 13.5% of patients. Post-operative mortality was 1.7% and the most frequent complications were: complete atrioventricular block (23.7%), supraventricular arrhythmias (23.7%) and low cardiac output syndrome (18.6%). Complete long-term follow-up was achieved in 94.8% of cases; mean follow-up was 78.3 months. During follow-up, 65.5% of patients remained asymptomatic. Supraventricular arrhythmia was the most frequent complication (13.7%). A recurrence occurred in one patient. Late mortality rate was 6.8% (n=4). Conclusions Cardiac myxoma is usually diagnosed in asymptomatic patients. Surgery has low morbidity and mortality with favorable long-term outcomes and low recurrence rate during follow-up.

Surgical treatment of ascending aortic complications in Marfan syndrome: early and long-term outcomes.

Findings in 54 patients (mean age 39 years, range 18-66 years, 25% female) were analyzed. Of these patients, 21 had dissection of the ascending aorta (15 acute and six chronic) and 33 had aneurysm of the ascending aorta. Surgery was classified as emergency surgery in three cases, as urgent in 15, and as scheduled surgery in 36. The Bentall-De Bono procedure was performed in 39 patients, aortic valve reimplantation was carried out in nine, Cabrol's operation was performed in three, and a homograft was used in three. The mean diameter of the ascending aorta was 66.6 mm. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 3.7% (33.3% for emergency surgery vs. 2.8% for scheduled surgery; P< .001). During the mean follow-up period of 4 years (range, 2 months-14 years), seven patients died, including four who died due to type-B aortic dissection. The actuarial survival rate at 2, 5 and 10 years was 94%, 83% and 75%, respectively, with 88%, 67% and 43% of patients, respectively, not requiring reoperation. Elective aortic root replacement was associated with a low risk and a good survival rate.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las complicaciones de la aorta ascendente en el síndrome de Marfan. Resultados inmediatos y a largo plazo / Surgical Treatment of Ascending Aortic Complications in Marfan Syndrome: Early and Long-Term Outcomes

Se analizaron los resultados en 54 pacientes con unamedia de edad de 39 (18-66) años; el 25% eran mujeres;21 pacientes presentaban disección (aguda en 15 y crónicaen 6 pacientes) y 33, aneurisma. La operación fuede máxima urgencia en 3 pacientes, urgente en 15 y programada en 36. Utilizamos tubo valvulado en 39 pacientes, reimplante valvular en 9, técnica de Cabrol en 3 y homoinjerto en 3. El diámetro promedio aórtico fue de 66,6 mm. La mortalidad hospitalaria total fue del 3,7% (máxima urgencia, 33,3%; programada, 2,8%; p < 0,001). Durante el seguimiento (media, 4 años [2 meses-14 años]) fallecieron 7 pacientes, 4 por disección aórtica tipo B. A los 2, a los 5 y a los 10 años, la supervivencia actuarial fue del 94, el 83 y el 75% y la libertad de reoperación, del 88, el 67 y el 43%, respectivamente. El reemplazo electivode la aorta ascendente tiene bajo riesgo y buena supervivencia

Findings in 54 patients (mean age 39 years, range 18-66 years, 25% female) were analyzed. Of these patients,21 had dissection of the ascending aorta (15 acute andsix chronic) and 33 had aneurysm of the ascending aorta.Surgery was classified as emergency surgery in threecases, as urgent in 15, and as scheduled surgery in 36.The Bentall-De Bono procedure was performed in 39patients, aortic valve reimplantation was carried out innine, Cabrol’s operation was performed in three, and ahomograft was used in three. The mean diameter of theascending aorta was 66.6 mm. Overall, in-hospitalmortality was 3.7% (33.3% for emergency surgery vs.2.8% for scheduled surgery; P<.001). During the meanfollow-up period of 4 years (range, 2 months-14 years),seven patients died, including four who died due to type-B aortic dissection. The actuarial survival rate at 2, 5 and 10 years was 94%, 83% and 75%, respectively, with 88%, 67% and 43% of patients, respectively, not requiringreoperation. Elective aortic root replacement wasassociated with a low risk and a good survival rate

Synchronous carotid stenting and cardiac surgery: an initial single-center experience.

Concurrent severe carotid and cardiac disease is a challenging situation where staged surgery is probably the most common strategy, although it is still controversial. We report in-hospital and midterm outcome of 30 patients who received carotid stenting and synchronous cardiac surgery. All received carotid stenting under aspirin and regular unfractioned heparin (UFH) and were immediately transferred to the operating room for coronary and/or cardiac valve surgery. All patients received aspirin and clopidogrel once bleeding was ruled out, after surgery. In-hospital complications were: three surgical related deaths, one TIA, and no patient suffered stroke or myocardial infarction. Hospital stay was 14 +/- 11.8 days. Survivors were followed for 18.4 +/- 14 months. There were two non-related deaths, but no stroke nor cardiac or carotid reinterventions. In conclusion, this small series showed that synchronous carotid stenting and cardiac surgery was feasible with an acceptable complication rate in a high-surgical-risk population which could not undergo staged procedures.

Cardiomyocyte hyperplasia after plasmid-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer in pigs with chronic myocardial ischemia.

BACKGROUND: For over 40 years it has been proposed that cardiomyocyte hyperplasia may occur in hypertrophic human hearts. While this implies that heart myocytes can undergo cytokinesis, evidence of conventional cell division has been exceptionally reported. Recently, we found that gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) displays a mitogenic effect on adult cardiomyocytes. In the present study we searched for cardiomyocyte hyperplasia as evidence of VEGF-induced cardiomyocyte cytokinesis. METHODS: Three weeks after implanting an Ameroid constrictor at the origin of the left circumflex artery, 16 pigs were randomized to receive 10 direct intramyocardial injections of 3.8 mg of plasmid encoding for VEGF (pVEGF) or empty plasmid. Five weeks later, hearts were weighed, myocyte diameter was measured in tissue sections, and myocyte length and nuclei number were studied in isolated myocytes. A resting echocardiogram was performed immediately before reoperation and before sacrifice to evaluate global and regional left ventricular function. Investigators were blinded to the study groups and nature of the injectate until the end of data analysis. RESULTS: No heart weight differences existed between groups. However, in the ischemic myocardium, pVEGF-treated hearts had 22% more cardiomyocytes per unit volume and exhibited significantly more oligonucleated (1 or 2 nuclei) cardiomyocytes than hearts receiving empty plasmid. CONCLUSIONS: In pigs with chronic myocardial ischemia, VEGF gene transfer induced cardiomyocyte cytokinesis, as revealed by cardiomyocyte hyperplasia. Our finding extends the previously reported mitogenic effect of VEGF on adult cardiomyocytes and supports the hypothesis that VEGF may have a therapeutic role in diseases characterized by myocardial cell loss.

Predicción del riesgo en cirugía coronaria propuesta de un score clínico para mortalidad / Prediction of prognosis in coronary surgero. Proposal of a clinical score that predicts mortality after coronary artery surgery

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los resultados de la cirugía coronaria pura, identificar predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria con el de confecciónar un score de riesgo... Los ancianos, las mujeres, los procedimientos no programados, la reoperación, la angina inestable, la insuficiencia renal crónica y el deterioro grave de la función ventricular predicen una mayor mortalidad. El score propuesto resultó útil para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria en cirugía coronaria

Influencia del sexo en los resultados de la cirugía coronaria. Análisis comparativo entre hombres y mujeres / Influence of gender on coronary surgery results. Comparative analysis between men and women

El propósito del presente trabajo fue comparar las características clínicas, técnica quirúrgica y resultados hospitalarios entre hombres (H) y mujeres (M) sometidos a cirugía coronaria (CC)...Se observó que ambos sexos presentan diferencias significativas en las características clínicas basales, en la técnica quirúrgica y en los resultados hospitalarios, con peor evolución en el sexo femenino